循環(huán)冷卻水處理技術(shù)方案7[1].3

1、foundation. stakeholder coexistence of china at present, the voting behaviour of each representative expects to achieve maximum benefits. but on the whole, representatives of the people "speak for the people", especially "public authority" to ensure normal, legitimate interests o

2、f voters, political trust with the voters, voters at the request of a number of gaps. how to improve the quality of china's central and local people's congress elections, redistricting, voter and candidate qualifications, election system and electoral theory research and practice of quality

3、assurance will still need to be explored. (2) improve democratic management, the whole chapter formed, perfect organization. management access to the important subject of economic and socio-political affairs operation. the effectiveness of management, management of productivity. the same production

4、elements, different management will have a great deal of difference. the institutionalization of democratic management and standardization to achieve democratic management, and democratic management of standardization is to maximize the benefit of priority. socialist china, realize maximum benefits

5、of management is to maximize the interests of the people. therefore, we must further improve grassroots self-governing organizations and democratic management system, constantly improve the villagers ' autonomy, self-governance and democratic management system of enterprises and institutions of

6、the community residents, and gradually expand the people's democratic rights in the management of local affairs, ensure the people at the grass-roots economic, political, cultural and other social services in the masters in order to give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the people a

7、s masters. from the grass-roots level, to strengthen the party to enterprises, communities and the building of rural grass-roots democracy leader, expanding democracy at the grass-roots level, summary of workers ' participation in democratic management in enterprises and the public to participat

8、e in community self-management, villagers in village affairs management experience, establishing long-term mechanism of promoting grass-roots democracy. (3) improve the democratic decision-making mechanism, through institutional innovation to develop the role of consultation in decision-making. demo

9、cratization, social development of the consultative function of the decision, the party's power for the people doing a double . questions highlighted; unbalanced regional development, regional disparities have a tendency to expand; the rapid growth of the economy, increasing pressure on resource

10、s and the environment. these problems make us more aware and comprehensive construction of well-off society goal continuously push forward the socialist cause with chinese characteristics, must establish and implement the scientific concept of development, coordinating urban and rural development, d

11、evelopment among regions, economic and social development, harmonious development between man and nature, and domestic循環(huán)冷卻水系統(tǒng)處理技術(shù)方案development and opening up. for some time, a number of cadres in the "development" generated a great deal of misunderstanding, "development is the absolut

12、e principle" one-sidedly interpreted as "economic growth is the hard truth", simplistic economic development gdp is everything. in such a one-sided view of development under the guidance of, and appears in varying degrees in many places biased outlook. in many places, of superior to s

13、ubordinate index, mainly dominated by gdp, even become the sole criterion for promotion of leading cadres to stay. development must persist in taking economic construction as the central task, liberating and developing the productive forces. benefit a population of a billion of higher levels of soci

14、ety, we must speed up economic development. not to develop not a speed too. economic growth is the basis of development, no economic growth without the accumulation of material wealth, is not progress. but growth does not equal development, if only increase the number, simply the pursuit of speed, w

15、ithout due attention to quality and efficiency, ignore the construction of political civilization and spiritual civilization, ignoring the overall progress of the society and people's all-round development, this is one-sided, it is difficult to achieve a comprehensive well-off society. this requ

16、ires that we at some deep level, from the position of party spirit to solve this problem. second, establish deeds, getting the actual effect and pursuing the actual achievement. record is created in the process of leading cadres in performing their duties and contributions of leading cadres ' mo

17、ral quality is combination in practice. "it is an official term, benefit of one party". our party has always encouraged and supported at all levels of cadres for the party and for the country and for the people to create real achievements. over the years, the vast majority of leaders to li

18、ve up to the expectations of the party and the people, in the reform and opening up and the modernization drive in the great practice of creating extraordinary performance, the heartfelt love and support of the masses. but there are also a few cadres is not focused on private facts, and on the consp

19、iracy to gain, and is often considered personal gain, unsettled, engage in science like, fraud, formalism, and tokenism. in economic data, economic indicators, hero of the one-sided view of political achievement guide and drive, some places from local reality, in pursuit of growth rate on the blind

20、project, enterprise, investment, promoting "image projects" or "bright project", "the landscape project", a long-term burden to the local development and the risks. regardless of public opposition in some places, massive enclosure of land, through various means of "

21、;crowding out" the interests of the people, has caused many social conflicts. any of these problems, an important reason is to record these comrades lack a correct understanding and grasp. therefore, the new stage in the new century, emphasizes the correct outlook towards . worry and enjoy, enj

22、oy, "the spirit, not pleased, not by your own sad, indifferent, reins aside neatly7一、前言循環(huán)冷卻水化學(xué)處理技術(shù)是通過采用低劑量投加水質(zhì)穩(wěn)定劑的方法，使金屬表面形成一層致密的保護膜，同時改變結(jié)垢性粒子之間或金屬間的作用力，從而達到防腐、防垢、保護設(shè)備安全運行的目的。除此之外，還需投加殺菌滅藻劑，抑制和殺滅水中的細菌、藻類及各種微生物，以防止生物粘泥和垢類物質(zhì)的產(chǎn)生，從而可以提高傳熱效率，節(jié)約能源，減少設(shè)備維修，延長使用周期。本方案是根據(jù)貴方補充水水質(zhì)及給定的工況條件，結(jié)合以往循環(huán)水處理的經(jīng)驗，在進行大

23、量充分實驗的基礎(chǔ)上提出的，最終選定了適合貴方實際使用的性能優(yōu)越、穩(wěn)定性好的水處理藥劑配方。水處理配方和技術(shù)有很強的針對性，尚需根據(jù)現(xiàn)場實際運行的復(fù)雜變化的條件進行合理的調(diào)整。二、循環(huán)水系統(tǒng)工況條件及水質(zhì)條件2.1 循環(huán)水系統(tǒng)工況條件（見表1）表1：循環(huán)水系統(tǒng)工況條件系統(tǒng)名稱冷卻自循環(huán)系統(tǒng)（敞開式）封閉式水循環(huán)系統(tǒng)循環(huán)水量（m3/h）保有水量（m3）補充水量（m3/h）系統(tǒng)材質(zhì)濃縮倍數(shù)循環(huán)水量（m3/h）保有水量（m3）補充水量（m3/h）系統(tǒng)材質(zhì)濃縮倍數(shù)棒材冷卻系統(tǒng)（d區(qū)）390.676.04.0鋼、銅2-2.5倍151.2680.2鋼、銅/擠塑冷卻系統(tǒng)（a區(qū)）194.45.02.0鋼、銅2-

24、2.5倍110.58150.15鋼、銅/拉絲冷卻系統(tǒng)（c區(qū)）390.676.04.0鋼、銅2-2.5倍177.84200.2鋼、銅/2.2循環(huán)水系統(tǒng)補充水水質(zhì)條件循環(huán)水系統(tǒng)補充水為市政自來水，具體指標(biāo)見下表2。表2：補充水水質(zhì)分析表分析項目單位數(shù)值ph/8.03總堿度mg/l153.60（以caco3計）總硬度mg/l242.00（以caco3計）鈣硬度mg/l162.75cl-mg/l43.00濁度mg/l0.27no3-mg/l2.51色度度5so42-mg/l105總?cè)芄蘭g/l387鋁mg/l0.037三、循環(huán)水處理技術(shù)思路敞開式循環(huán)冷卻水系統(tǒng)，隨著循環(huán)冷卻水在冷卻塔中的蒸發(fā)濃縮，水系

25、統(tǒng)中的重碳酸鹽、cl、so42、ca2+、mg2+濃度均相應(yīng)增加，假如不采取投加水處理藥劑保護的措施，一方面成垢離子(ca2+、mg2+、hco3-等離子)會在換熱器的傳熱表面形成硬垢，影響換熱效率，甚至堵塞管道，嚴重時導(dǎo)致停車事故的發(fā)生；另一方面水中的腐蝕性離子(cl、so42等)以及溶解氧的存在會造成管道、換熱設(shè)備的腐蝕穿孔，影響設(shè)備的正常運行，直接縮短設(shè)備的使用壽命；另外，由于循環(huán)冷卻水系統(tǒng)的運行條件特別適宜于菌藻粘泥的生長，會對設(shè)備及管線產(chǎn)生微生物腐蝕和軟垢，同樣威脅循環(huán)冷卻水系統(tǒng)的安全運行。密閉式循環(huán)冷卻水系統(tǒng)一般在運行過程中水質(zhì)情況變化不大，但由于溶解氧的滲漏和溶入以及成垢離子的存

26、在，水處理應(yīng)以防腐蝕為主，同時兼顧阻垢。分析貴公司循環(huán)水水系統(tǒng)補充水，從水質(zhì)數(shù)據(jù)及水型判斷結(jié)果來看，均為結(jié)垢型水質(zhì)。濃縮運行后，隨著濃縮倍率的增加，結(jié)垢趨勢加強，濃縮倍數(shù)越高，ph越高，結(jié)垢趨勢越強；同時由于水中各種腐蝕性離子隨著濃縮倍率的增加也相應(yīng)提高，并且水中的溶解氧被飽和，所以水中的腐蝕性不能被忽視。因此，對于該水質(zhì)所選的水處理藥劑配方必須兼顧緩蝕與阻垢兩種特性。同時還應(yīng)從節(jié)水、節(jié)藥等經(jīng)濟方面加以綜合考慮。敞開式循環(huán)水系統(tǒng)運行條件特別適合于菌藻粘泥的生長，這些微生物的大量滋生，將給系統(tǒng)帶來嚴重危害，一方面這些物質(zhì)沉積在系統(tǒng)換熱設(shè)備及管道的表面，影響換熱效率；另一方面也容易發(fā)生微生物腐蝕，

27、被覆蓋的金屬表面為貧氧的陽極區(qū)，周圍金屬表面成為富氧的陰極區(qū)，這種局部氧濃差作用使覆蓋物下形成孔蝕或坑蝕；另外，菌藻粘泥附著于設(shè)備表面后影響了緩蝕阻垢劑順利到達設(shè)備表面形成保護膜。所以需要為循環(huán)水系統(tǒng)篩選合適的殺菌滅藻劑及粘泥剝離劑以控制系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的菌藻粘泥，同時對形成的粘泥附著物定期剝離，清潔設(shè)備表面。考慮到細菌藻類的抗藥性、粘泥剝離的需要以及特殊處理，本方案建議采用氧化性與非氧化性殺菌滅藻劑配合使用的處理方法，同時根據(jù)系統(tǒng)情況決定是否使用粘泥剝離劑。循環(huán)水系統(tǒng)化學(xué)處理方案是依據(jù)貴公司提供的循環(huán)水系統(tǒng)運行工況及水質(zhì)條件提出的，確定的緩蝕阻垢劑配方產(chǎn)品具有以下特點：1）具有優(yōu)良的阻垢性能和緩蝕性能

28、，既對碳酸鈣垢、磷酸鈣垢、硫酸鈣垢、硅垢具有優(yōu)異的阻垢性能；也對氧化鐵、粘泥及水中濁度物質(zhì)具有良好的分散作用；產(chǎn)品容易在金屬表面形成一層薄而致密的防腐膜，從而隔絕循環(huán)水對系統(tǒng)材質(zhì)的腐蝕；2）產(chǎn)品穩(wěn)定性好，耐氯分解能力強，抗污染能力強；3）產(chǎn)品屬于低磷環(huán)保型產(chǎn)品；近年來由于江河污染，海水富營養(yǎng)化，赤潮現(xiàn)象屢見不鮮，世界各地禁磷呼聲越來越高，因此選擇環(huán)保型水處理藥劑是今后冷卻水處理技術(shù)的發(fā)展方向。正確應(yīng)用本處理技術(shù)，可取得節(jié)水、節(jié)能和穩(wěn)定生產(chǎn)的良好效益。但應(yīng)指出，良好水處理效果的取得，既要有先進的處理技術(shù)，更需要將此技術(shù)加以正確的實施，并在生產(chǎn)應(yīng)用中進行嚴格的日常管理。為本技術(shù)應(yīng)用獲得成功提供可靠

29、的保證。四、日常水處理技術(shù)方案4.1處理方案基準(zhǔn)水質(zhì)數(shù)據(jù)水質(zhì)類型總堿度（mg/l）總堿度（mg/l）cl-(mg/l)so42-(mg/l)補充水242153.6431052.5倍循環(huán)水6053841082634.2加藥量及加藥方式藥劑類型藥 劑名 稱使用濃度（mg/l）加藥點加藥方式加藥頻率備注緩蝕阻垢劑ts-52318a50回水集水槽由加藥裝置投加根據(jù)補排水量連續(xù)投加敞開式系統(tǒng)以補水計緩蝕阻垢劑ts-52318b100回水集水槽由加藥裝置投加根據(jù)補排水量連續(xù)投加密閉系統(tǒng)以補水計氧化性殺菌滅藻劑ts-52316100-150循環(huán)水塔池根據(jù)保有水量投加一次/周敞開式系統(tǒng)以保有水計非氧化性殺菌滅

30、藻劑ts-52317ts-1781100-150循環(huán)水塔池根據(jù)保有水量投加兩次/月（410月份）一次/月（13月份、1112月份）敞開式系統(tǒng)以保有水計ph調(diào)節(jié)劑工業(yè)濃h2so4控制ph8.28.6靠近補水管線根據(jù)補排水連續(xù)投加根據(jù)補排水量連續(xù)投加暫不考慮注： 非氧化性殺菌滅藻劑需考慮兩種產(chǎn)品交替使用；4.3水質(zhì)控制指標(biāo)控制項目數(shù)值ph8.28.6電導(dǎo)率，s/cm<1500總硬，mg/l(以caco3計)<600總磷（以po43計），mg/l36總堿度（以caco3計），mg/l<500余氯，mg/l0.30.5（保持2小時）濁度，mg/l<20cl，mg/l<10

31、0濃縮倍數(shù)2.5異養(yǎng)菌，個/ml<1×105粘泥量， ml/m3<4銅材腐蝕率<0.005 mm/y碳鋼腐蝕率<0.125 mm/y污垢熱阻1.72-3.44×10-4 m2.hr./kal.y注：投加氧化性殺菌滅藻劑后確保2小時的余氯值。4.4分析監(jiān)測項目及頻率4.5.1日常運行定期抽查分析項目及頻率：序號分析項目補充水循環(huán)水1ph一次/天一次/2小時2電導(dǎo)率一次/周一次/天3cl¯一次/周一次/天4總磷-一次/天5ca2+一次/周一次/天6余氯一次/周一次/天7總堿度一次/周一次/天8濁度一次/周一次/天9腐蝕率-一次/月4.5其他日常

32、監(jiān)測4.5.1常規(guī)檢查（1）腐蝕掛片監(jiān)測腐蝕情況和粘泥附著情況（2）冷卻塔池及塔壁菌藻粘泥滋生情況（3）緩蝕阻垢劑加藥情況是否正常（4）殺菌滅藻劑使用情況在運行過程中，應(yīng)特別注意水中的異味，濁度，塔壁的粘泥及腐蝕附掛片表面狀況等。4.5.2記錄數(shù)據(jù)和日常報告應(yīng)將循環(huán)冷卻水系統(tǒng)日常運行操作及分析數(shù)據(jù)做好記錄，并保持原始記錄數(shù)據(jù)的完整性，實行專業(yè)歸檔、專人管理，這些都是現(xiàn)場水處理調(diào)節(jié)的主要依據(jù)。五、技術(shù)服務(wù)承諾提供定期的現(xiàn)場服務(wù)，分析水質(zhì)，了解控制和監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的運行狀況，保持循環(huán)冷卻水系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定運行；了解控制和監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的運行狀況，冷卻水系統(tǒng)潛在的問題，指導(dǎo)現(xiàn)場工程師及時解決；不定期聘請水處理專家與貴公司技術(shù)和管理工程師交流，解決系統(tǒng)的疑難問題和優(yōu)化循環(huán)冷卻水系統(tǒng)。5.1開車前期服務(wù)免費對貴廠水處理相關(guān)人員進行技術(shù)培訓(xùn)；及時協(xié)助廠方人員建立系統(tǒng)運行效果監(jiān)測方法，建議系統(tǒng)監(jiān)測方法，以使開車時與日常運行時