必修4unit1languagepoints(1).

1、1. achievementachieve: v. 完成完成; 做到做到; 實現(xiàn)實現(xiàn)achievement: n. 完成完成; 成績成績; 成就成就I felt a great sense of achievement when I reached the top of the mountain. 當我到達山頂?shù)臅r候當我到達山頂?shù)臅r候, 我有一種巨大的我有一種巨大的成就感。成就感。2. She concerned herself with welfare projects. concernwith 關(guān)心關(guān)心; 關(guān)懷關(guān)懷 如如: We must concern ourselves with cu

2、rrent affairs. 我們必須關(guān)心時事。我們必須關(guān)心時事。3. Following Janes way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest.Following Janes way of studying chimps是現(xiàn)是現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表示伴隨狀態(tài)。在分詞作狀語，表示伴隨狀態(tài)。He sat in the armchair, reading a newspaper. His friend died, leaving him a lot of money. group 英語中有許多

3、集體名詞作主語時英語中有許多集體名詞作主語時, 謂語動詞謂語動詞 的單復(fù)數(shù)要根據(jù)集體名詞的含義來定。如果的單復(fù)數(shù)要根據(jù)集體名詞的含義來定。如果 名詞表示的是一個整體概念名詞表示的是一個整體概念, 謂語動詞要用謂語動詞要用 單數(shù)形式單數(shù)形式; 如果名詞表示的是集體中的成員如果名詞表示的是集體中的成員, 謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。4. behave 1) vi. 行為行為;舉止舉止她表現(xiàn)出了很大的勇氣。她表現(xiàn)出了很大的勇氣。She behaved with great courage.他對顧客的態(tài)度不好。他對顧客的態(tài)度不好。He _ to the customers.2) vt.

4、 & vi. 舉止適當或有禮舉止適當或有禮你應(yīng)該學(xué)會舉止得體。你應(yīng)該學(xué)會舉止得體。You should learn to behave.behaved badly3) vi. (指事物指事物)有某種作用有某種作用我的攝像機自從修好后一直我的攝像機自從修好后一直很正常。很正常。My camera has been behaving well since it was repaired.【拓展】【拓展】behaviour n. 舉止舉止; 行為行為behave oneself 守規(guī)矩守規(guī)矩behave well / badly 行為好行為好/不好不好根據(jù)漢語提示完成英語句子。根據(jù)漢語提示完

5、成英語句子。1) 你今天在晚會上守規(guī)矩了嗎你今天在晚會上守規(guī)矩了嗎?Did you _ at the party today? 2) 這孩子在校行為良好。這孩子在校行為良好。The child _ at school. behave yourself behaved well 5. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity 今天我們的第一件事是今天我們的第一件事是動名詞作主語動名詞作主語主語是由不定式、動名詞、從句構(gòu)成的主語是由不定式、動名詞、從句構(gòu)成的, 謂語動詞采用單數(shù)。謂語動詞采用單數(shù)。 Working with

6、you is pleasant.Seeing is believing. 6. This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before.1) mean doing sth. 意味著做某事意味著做某事 mean to do sth. 打算做某事打算做某事- I didnt mean _ her. - But talking like that means _ her. A. to hurt; to hurt B. hurting; hurting C. to h

7、urt; hurting D. hurting; to hurt C英語中還有一些動詞后接英語中還有一些動詞后接to do和和doing時意義不一樣時意義不一樣 stop to do 停止、中斷做某事后去做另一件事停止、中斷做某事后去做另一件事stop doing 停止做某事停止做某事 forget to do 忘記要去做某事忘記要去做某事forget doing 忘記做過某事忘記做過某事 regret to do 對將要做的事遺憾，對將要做的事遺憾，regret doing 對做過的事遺憾、后悔對做過的事遺憾、后悔 try to do 努力、企圖做某事努力、企圖做某事try doing 試驗

8、、試著做某事試驗、試著做某事 go on to do 做完一件事后，接著做另一件事做完一件事后，接著做另一件事go on doing 繼續(xù)做原來做的事繼續(xù)做原來做的事 Complete each sentence in the correct form of the given word.1. The light in the office is still on. I forgot _ (turn) it off. 2. Ill never forget _(see) the musical comedy in New York. 3. Remember _ ( meet) me tonig

9、ht. 4. I remember _ (take) to Beijing when I was a child. 5. I regret _ (inform) you that you are dismissed. 6. I regret _ ( not take ) his advice. to turnseeingto meetbeing takento informnot taking7. What do you mean _ (do ) with it? 8. _ (miss) the train means _ (wait) for another two hours. 9. He

10、s been trying _ (get) you on the phone. 10. Lets try _ (knock) at the back door. 11. He paused and went on _ (explain) the text to us. 12. Go on _(do) the other exercise after you have finished this one. to doMissingwaitingto getknockingexplainingto do This means going back to a place where we left

11、the chimp family sleeping in a tree the night before.2) Where引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾place。3) leave+賓語賓語+doing “讓讓/使某人做某事使某人做某事”keep, find, notice, have, feel, hear, see, leave.等動詞后常用等動詞后常用V-ing形式作賓語補足語。形式作賓語補足語。如：如：We found the old lady lying in bed. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)那老太太躺在床上。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)那老太太躺在床上。Dont leave her waiting outside

12、 in the rain. 不要讓她在外面雨中等待著。不要讓她在外面雨中等待著。7. Jane warns that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by warn sb. of (doing) sth. 警告警告/ /告誡某人某事告誡某人某事warn sb. against (doing) sth. 警告警告/ /告誡某人不要告誡某人不要做某事做某事warn sb. not to do sth. 警告警告/ /告誡某人不要做某事告誡某人不要做某事warn sb. + that clause 警告警告/ /告誡某人某事告誡某人某事 醫(yī)

13、生警告他不要抽煙。醫(yī)生警告他不要抽煙。 人們被告誡了地震的危險。人們被告誡了地震的危險。 他被警告他有可能會死于癌癥。他被警告他有可能會死于癌癥。The doctor warned him against smoking / not to smoke.The people were warned of the danger of an earthquake.He was warned that he would die from cancer.8. But the evening makes it all worthwhile. worthwhile: adj. 值得值得(花精力、時間、金錢做

14、花精力、時間、金錢做) 的的 Mandela struggle is very worthwhile. a worthwhile trip. Its worthwhile doing/to do sth. 2) worthful adj. 有價值的有價值的, 可貴的可貴的1)3) worthless adj. 沒有價值的沒有價值的, 無用的無用的, 無益的無益的4) worth: adj. 值得的值得的 worth it 有用有用, 值得值得這輛自行車值這輛自行車值50英鎊。英鎊。這個博物館這個博物館(非常非常)值得參觀。值得參觀。be worth + n. / doing sth.5) wo

15、rthy: adj. 值得的值得的be worthy to be done be worthy of + being done / n. e.g. He is worthy of being praised/our praise.The bicycle is worth 50.The museum is (well) worth visiting.worth / worthy / worthwhile1) worth只做表語，表示只做表語，表示“值值錢，值得錢，值得干干”，后跟名詞或動名詞，不跟不定式。，后跟名詞或動名詞，不跟不定式。worth常用常用well修飾，不用修飾，不用very。 T

16、he book is well worth reading.2) worthy 意為意為“值得的值得的”，除在書面語體中，除在書面語體中用做定語外，一般用做表語。用做定語外，一般用做表語。be worthy 后后常接常接“of名詞名詞/動名詞動名詞 (被動式被動式)”。 The place is worthy to be visited / of being visited.詞語辨析詞語辨析 3) worthwhile 的常用句式為的常用句式為It is worthwhile to do sth. / doing sth., it是形是形式主語，式主語，to do / doing 做真正主語，

17、即：做真正主語，即：做某事是值得的。做某事是值得的。It is worthwhile visiting / to visit the place. 參觀那地方還是很值得的。參觀那地方還是很值得的。Complete the sentences with worth, worthy or worthwhile.1) Her achievements are _ of the highest praise.2) Hangzhou is a beautiful place; it is _ going / to go there.3) The problem is _ to be considered

18、.4) The new bike is _ 350 yuan.5) He is a teacher _ of great respect.6) It is _ to ask him to join the club.7) The picture is _ taking good care of.8) The scheme is well _ a try.worthyworthwhileworthyworthworthyworthwhileworthworth9. we watch the mother chimp and her babies play in the tree. 我們看到黑猩猩

19、媽媽跟她的幼子們在樹上我們看到黑猩猩媽媽跟她的幼子們在樹上 玩耍。玩耍。 in the tree 指樹本身以外的事物或人指樹本身以外的事物或人 附著在樹上附著在樹上, 如鳥等動物如鳥等動物; on the tree 指樹本身生長出來的東西指樹本身生長出來的東西, 如果實、花等。如果實、花等。10. Jane spent many years observing and recording their daily activities.1) spend + time (in) doing 把時間花在做把時間花在做 2) observe vi. & vt. 觀察注意到觀察注意到 obser

20、ve + n./pron./sb. doing/do sth/that從句從句 我注意到班上有幾個學(xué)生睡著了。我注意到班上有幾個學(xué)生睡著了。I observed that several students were asleep in class. vt. 遵守遵守, 順從順從我們必須遵守交通規(guī)則。我們必須遵守交通規(guī)則。We must _. vt. 舉行舉行(儀式等儀式等), 慶祝慶祝(節(jié)日等節(jié)日等) 你們國家的人慶祝圣誕節(jié)嗎？你們國家的人慶祝圣誕節(jié)嗎？ Do you _ in your country?observe用作被動語態(tài)時用作被動語態(tài)時, 作主語補足語的作主語補足語的 不定式須帶不定

21、式須帶to。 She was observed to enter the bank. 有人注意到她走進銀行。有人注意到她走進銀行。observe the traffic rulesobserve Christmas Day【拓展拓展】1) 同根詞同根詞: observation n. 觀察觀察; 監(jiān)視監(jiān)視 observer n. 觀察者觀察者; 遵守者遵守者2) 常見搭配：常見搭配：observe sb do sth 注意到某人做了某事注意到某人做了某事(表示動作全過程表示動作全過程)observe sb doing sth 注意到某人正在做注意到某人正在做某事某事 (表示動作正在進行表示動作

22、正在進行)under observation 在觀察中在觀察中; 在監(jiān)視下在監(jiān)視下 look, see, watch, observe這些動詞均有這些動詞均有“看看”之意。之意。look 側(cè)重側(cè)重“看看”的動作。的動作。see 指看見。指看見。watch 指用眼睛跟隨某物，以便對每一個指用眼睛跟隨某物，以便對每一個 變化、運動等進行觀察。變化、運動等進行觀察。observe 側(cè)重以客觀的態(tài)度進行觀察。側(cè)重以客觀的態(tài)度進行觀察。詞語辨析詞語辨析 They _ the train until it disappeared in the distance. A. saw B. watched C.

23、looked D. observed B11. Only after her mother came to help herfor the first few months was she allowed tobegin her project. Only +狀語狀語(從句從句), 放在句首時放在句首時, 主句要主句要用部分倒裝用部分倒裝, 即把助動詞即把助動詞do、does 或或did/情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞/系動詞系動詞be 提到主語前面。提到主語前面。Only in this way can we learn English better.Only then did we get to kno

24、w each other better. 如果句子為主從復(fù)合句如果句子為主從復(fù)合句, 則主句倒裝則主句倒裝, 從句不倒裝。從句不倒裝。Only after new China was founded was he able to go to school. 但當?shù)攐nly在句首修飾句子的主語時在句首修飾句子的主語時, 不用倒裝語序。不用倒裝語序。Only you understand me. 只有你了解我。只有你了解我。Only Mary and Tom failed in the exam.12. She also discovered how chimps communicate wit

25、h each other and her study of their body language helped her work out their social system.1) I cant work out the meaning of the poem. 2) Things have worked out badly.3) Work out his income.4) Work out a plan.(理解理解, 說出說出)(發(fā)展發(fā)展, 進行進行)( (算出算出) )( (制定制定, ,擬訂擬訂) )13. For forty years Jane Goodall has been

26、 outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals.1) outspoken adj. 直言不諱的直言不諱的As a former schoolmaster, he has always been outspoken on education issues and a firm supporter of traditional learning methods. 作為前任校長作為前任校長, 他總是就教育問題坦率地他總是就教育問題坦率地發(fā)表意見，堅定地支持傳統(tǒng)

27、的學(xué)習(xí)方法。發(fā)表意見，堅定地支持傳統(tǒng)的學(xué)習(xí)方法。 outdoors adv. outside n. adj. adv. outgoing adj. outlet n. 出口，出路 outlook n. 前景，展望，見解 outcome n. 結(jié)果Cora is straightforward, so she is always outspoken in the expression of her opinions.2) the rest of: 它之后可以接不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)它之后可以接不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù) 名詞名詞, 但要注意含義但要注意含義, 以便決定后面動詞的以便決定后面動詞的 單復(fù)數(shù)形式。單

28、復(fù)數(shù)形式。e.g. The rest of the money was given to his son.The rest of the apple was thrown away.The rest of the apples were sent to the nursing home.The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _ saved for other purposes. （2011安徽卷）安徽卷） A. is B. are C. was D. were 解析：考查時態(tài)與主謂一致。本句是一個

29、解析：考查時態(tài)與主謂一致。本句是一個非限制性定語從句，非限制性定語從句，which指代前面的指代前面的raw materials，所以謂語動詞應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)，同，所以謂語動詞應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)，同時前面是過去時，所以這里用時前面是過去時，所以這里用were。D3) respect在句中用作動詞在句中用作動詞, 表示表示“尊重尊重; 尊敬尊敬”。e.g. He is a man whom I believe we should respect. 我相信他是個我們應(yīng)當尊敬的人。我相信他是個我們應(yīng)當尊敬的人。 【拓展】【拓展】Respect 還可用作名詞還可用作名詞, 表示表示“尊敬尊敬; 敬重敬重”。e.g.

30、 They have a great respect for his ability. 他們十分尊重他的才能。他們十分尊重他的才能。常見短語常見短語: show respect for 對對表示尊敬表示尊敬have respect for 尊敬尊敬; 重視重視give ones respects to 向向問候問候根據(jù)漢語提示根據(jù)漢語提示, 完成完成下列句子。下列句子。 All the students _ (尊敬尊敬) their history teacher.2) The professor is a specialist in the research of ancient liter

31、ature and we all _ (對對表示尊敬表示尊敬) him.have respect for show respect for14. She has argued that wild animals should beleft in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.argue (vt.) 爭辯；論證，說理；證明。爭辯；論證，說理；證明。我們據(jù)理力爭我們應(yīng)該得到更高的薪水。我們據(jù)理力爭我們應(yīng)該得到更高的薪水。We argued _. 他花錢的方式說明他很富有。他花錢的方式說明他很富有。The way

32、he spends money _.that we should be paid moreargues him to be richargue (vi.) +with sb. about/over sth. 和某人和某人為某事而爭論為某事而爭論argue for/against 為為支持支持/反對反對辯護辯護argue sb into / out of doing sth 說服某人做說服某人做(不做不做)某事某事in argument about sth 為某事而爭論為某事而爭論翻譯；他們正在和同學(xué)爭論這個問題的解決方法翻譯；他們正在和同學(xué)爭論這個問題的解決方法。They are arguin

33、g with their classmatesabout the solution to the problem.15. lead a life 表示表示“過著過著的生活的生活” 我的父母都退休了我的父母都退休了, 現(xiàn)在過著安靜的生活?，F(xiàn)在過著安靜的生活。如果要過和平的生活如果要過和平的生活, 我們別無選擇只能我們別無選擇只能反對戰(zhàn)爭。反對戰(zhàn)爭。 My parents are retired and now lead / live a quiet life. If we want to lead a peaceful life, we have no choice but to object

34、to war. crowd n. 人人群群 crowded adj. 擁擠的擁擠的follow the crowd 隨大流隨大流in crowds成群地成群地 / /大群地大群地 crowd out 擠出擠出, ,推開推開be crowded with.be crowded with.被被.擠滿擠滿16. Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories. crowd in 涌入涌入The door opened and all the people crowded in.Sudden

35、ly memories of the school life crowded in on her.16. inspire v. 鼓舞鼓舞; 激發(fā)激發(fā); 啟示啟示 inspired adj. 有靈感的有靈感的 inspiring adj. 激勵人心的激勵人心的 inspiration n. She was an _ to all of us. The president made an _ speech at the meeting yesterday. I am _ to read and write for pleasure. inspiringinspiredinspiration1. H

36、e is a good teacher. We all r_ him.2. It didnt seem w_ to discuss with him.3. I felt he was o_ everything that I did.4. Their _ (behave) towards me shows that they dont like me.5. Its too hot. Wed better sit down in the _ of the trees.6. The group offers all kinds of _ (entertain) for the young and the old.worthwhile observing behaviour shade entertainment respectComplete ea