改錯技巧：弄清錯誤設置規(guī)改正

1、HJH弄清錯誤設置規(guī)律，把握錯誤改正方法一 弄清名詞錯誤設置規(guī)律，把握名詞錯誤改正方法高考英語短文改錯常設置名詞單復數(shù)錯誤和名詞所有錯誤1. 分析修飾語的單復數(shù)意義、主謂語一致的特點和語境的邏輯意義可以發(fā)現(xiàn)并改正名詞單復數(shù)錯誤。例1. From the time I was about four until I was about six, I destroyed each of my toy.例2. The food was wonderful with reasonable prices, and we enjoyed several local dish.例3. .there was a

2、 long line of traffic for at least six mile.例4. and I needed to stay in a hospital for at least two week.例5. It felt very strange to travel without any luggages.例6. Like the rest of my classmate, I didnt really want to get close to her.例7. As the old man looked over the things on the ground that wer

3、e to be sold,he stopped at a box of golden ball for Christmas trees.2. 分析前后兩個名詞之間有無所屬關系可以發(fā)現(xiàn)并改正名詞所有格錯誤。例1. When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes.例2. I was playing at my cousin house.常見的名詞錯誤：1、 ?？嫉牟豢蓴?shù)名詞有：advice furniture clothing fun homework information paper sugar work fruit

4、 harm news progress traffic trouble weather It is a great fun to go skating on cold winter days.3. 單復數(shù)相同的名詞要根據(jù)具體的情況正確判斷出其單復數(shù)形式。常見的這類名詞有：means方式works 工廠sheep 綿羊deer 廘 series系列species 種類Every means have been tried, but he wont lose his heart forvevr.4. 可以轉化為可數(shù)名詞的抽象名詞有：surprise knowledge success failur

5、e pleasure interest joy help honour這些名詞如果表示抽象概念，是不可數(shù)名詞，但如果表示具體的人或事，特別是前面出現(xiàn)冠詞、形容詞時，就變成了可數(shù)名詞。He suddenly appeared on a rainy night,which was great surprise to us.4.有些名詞具有雙重性，可數(shù)與不可數(shù)，往往取決于不同的意思。名詞不可數(shù)可數(shù)Work工作作品；著作Paper紙報紙；文件Time時間倍數(shù)；次數(shù)；一段時光Light光燈Chicken雞肉小雞character性格人物；符號；字5大多數(shù)情況下作定語的名詞用單數(shù)形式：man woman

6、作定語時，如果修飾的是可數(shù)名詞，相應地變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)；總是以名詞復數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞作定語時仍用復數(shù)。例1.The students are going to call on the man scientists in their school tomorrow.6.表示共有某事物時只在最后一個名詞詞尾加s或-s;表示各自擁有某事物時則在每個名詞上加-s或-. The nice room is Lilys and Lucys.7.雙重所有格表示部分概念，of后加名詞-s所有格或名詞性物主代詞。Some friends of my sister will join us in the game. 練習：

7、1. They were eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of question.2. We walked into the bar and ordered two coffee.3. Therefore,taking a ten-minutes between class is definitely important.4. There are around one hundred woman workers in this factory.5. It took about one and a half hour

8、for the firemen to put out the fire.6. Oxford is an old town which is about 60 mile from London.7. Some passer-by asked, ”what on earth have you lost?8. Father went to his doctor for advices about his heart trouble9. The statue of Liberty is one of the most famous monument in the world.10. He has fi

9、nished a day work in six hours.11. We all know that his father is a custom officer.12. There are five deers in this zoo.13. Im sure Ive made some progresses in my listening and speaking.14. There is hardly any standing rooms in the bus.15. Hes getting married next month and decides to buy some furni

10、tures.16. There are many cattles and cows on his fathers farm.17. In order to buy a nice pair of shoes,he went to two shoes stores.18. Fly spread diseases, so we should think of ways to get rid of them.19. It is ten minutes walk from my home to school.20. Now people get a lot of informations from th

11、e Internet.21. Mr Green and Mr Brown are neighbours of my sister.22. Theres a papers factory near our school.23. His families are waiting for him.24. Computer are becoming more and more popular in the country.25. This beautiful bike is Johns and dicks.26. Yesterday afternoon he told me about his exp

12、erience as a young man.27. Tom, will you boys play soldiers outside? There is not enough rooms for you here.28. There are a lot of vegetables and fruits on the table.29. I have gained a lot of knowledges about animal life through Animal world.30. That is where the main differernce between animals an

13、d human being lies.31. Please read the instruction carefully before using the medicine.32. The evening meal for Americans is usually long and a time for family to gather together.33. Carry your valuable with you, your money, jewelry, camera and so on.34. This is Johns and Dicks bedroom. 新題型 考查形式：語法填

14、空中對名詞的考查形式為在括號中給出名詞的原形形式。技巧點撥：一：當括號內(nèi)提供的是名詞時，一般判斷考查形容詞。There, my voice sounds really_(wonder) because theres a slight echo to it.二：有時也可能考查副詞、動詞等。如A certain man planted a rose and watered it _(faith)and before it blossomed, he examined it.三：如果提供的為單數(shù)名詞，一定要考慮名詞的單復數(shù)并注意拼寫的正確性。四：名詞的判斷技巧。1.根據(jù)名詞功能判斷。名詞或名詞短語在

15、句子中可以做主語、表語、動詞的賓語，介詞的賓語、同位語等。在做語法填空時，我們可以根據(jù)名詞在句中的作用判斷出所填空格是否該填名詞。2.根據(jù)語境來判斷。名詞通常在冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞所有格及some,any, many, a lot of等限定語后。五：特殊名詞的特殊考查。語法填空中，一般不會像在完形填空中那樣，要求根據(jù)上下文填某個名詞。如果考也只限于reason, way, situation等較為特殊的詞。There are two important _why we offer you the goods now.解題技巧：1.判斷是否填名詞（一般在冠詞，物主代詞，指示代

16、詞，名詞所有格和一些不定代詞后）注意名詞的活用和具體的考查方式： （1） 注意名詞的書寫方式； （2） 注意單復數(shù)變化 （3） 注意是不可數(shù)名詞具體化（不可數(shù)名詞在特定的情況下可轉化成可數(shù)名詞。） （4）注意名詞修飾名詞。練習：1.Most air pollution is caused by the burning of _(fuel)like coal,gas and oil.2.The young man made a _(promise) to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation.3

17、.One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living_(expensive)4._You are always full of _(energetic). Could you tell me the secret ? _Taking plenty of _(exercise) every day.5._If you like I can do some shopping for you. _Thats very kind _(offer).6.To make members of a team

18、 perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their_(strong) and _(weak).7.His _(able) of identify numbers surprised everyone present.8. 二、弄清冠詞錯誤設置規(guī)律，把握冠詞錯誤改正方法1.表示“一”的含義時不用a/an修飾名詞，然而不可數(shù)名詞前卻用a/an修飾2.表示特指時不用定冠詞the修飾，不表示特指時卻用定冠詞the 修飾3.在某些習慣表達中隨便使用定冠詞4.講不定冠詞a與an混用，元音發(fā)音開頭的單詞前用a修飾，輔音發(fā)音開頭的單詞前用an

19、修飾因此，解題時應分析語境看有關名詞表示特指the還是泛指且有“一.”之意時，元音發(fā)音開頭的用an修飾，輔音用a修飾。還有習慣表達等。例1. it is such_great hotel that I would recommended it to any friend of mine who is going to Beijing.例2. and after that I would go to Xiamen for_long holiday. 冠詞考察分三個方面：多冠詞，少冠詞 冠詞混用1、多一冠詞的?？键c（1）表達泛指意義的物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞前不用冠詞。 Music can bring

20、people a pleasure.(2)表示泛指概念的復數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞。Young people like to read the books.(3) 表示季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)假日的名詞前不用冠詞。School begins in the September.(4)稱呼語或表示獨一無二的職務頭銜作表語，同位語，補足語時，其前不用冠詞。 The young man is the captain of this ship.(5)表示三餐、球類運動、棋類游戲的名詞前不用冠詞。 Lets go and play the football.(6) by后的表示交通工具或方式的名詞前不用任何冠詞。No

21、w many people want to travel by the air.（7） 表示學科、語言的名詞前不用冠詞。I like the math though it is a bit difficult.（8）在某些短語中，有無冠詞意思大不一樣。At table在用餐 At the table在餐桌旁 in front of 在(外部的)前面 in the front of（在內(nèi)部的）前面In hospital住院 In the hospital 在醫(yī)院 in class在上課in the class在這個班上In charge負責 In the charge由負責 on earth究竟

22、，到底 on the earth在地球上By sea 乘船 by the sea在海邊 in place of 代替 in the place of在的地方take place發(fā)生 take the place of代替 in office執(zhí)政in the office 在辦公室里in prison坐牢 in the prison 在監(jiān)獄里go to church做禮拜go to the church去教堂live on farm 務農(nóng) live on the farm住在農(nóng)場 two of us我們中的兩個the two of us 我們兩個人in possession of占有 in th

23、e possession of被.占有 by day在白天 by the day按天計算 in case of以防 in the case of 就來說 on fire 著火 on the fire 在火（爐）上；在考慮中缺少不定冠詞的考點：（1）抽象名詞前通常不用冠詞，但具體化了的抽象名詞以變?yōu)榭蓴?shù)名詞，使用時前面常漏掉不定冠詞。 It is pleasure to help others（2）物質(zhì)名詞表示“一場、一種、一個”時，已轉化為可數(shù)名詞，其前的不定冠詞常被漏掉。I would like coffee and two beers.（3）集體名詞側重整體概念時，也常作單數(shù)看，前面的不定

24、代詞有時易漏掉。This house isnt big enough for family of seven.（4）常用的含不定冠詞的固定搭配和習慣用法。Twice a week a day or two ,for a time ,once in a while ,all of a sudden,once upon a time,as a matter of fact, in a loud voice in a word catch/have get a cold do a good deed go out for a walk ,have a good time make a face,ta

25、ke a seat, as a result ,have a fever, in a hurry ,a great many, in a momentEg.He glance at his watch and left in hurry.3.缺少定冠詞的考點（1）再次提到上文提到過的特定的人或事物時容易漏掉定冠詞。例 I have been living in the city for five years, and five years makes a deep impression on me. （2）表示天體、方位、演奏的西洋樂器等的名詞前，以及序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級前容易漏掉定冠詞。例1

26、 The sky is blue and sun is shining.例2 His daughter plays piano very well.例3 What new subjects are you going to have in second grade?（3）表示江河湖海、運河等的專有名詞前易漏掉定冠詞。We all know Yangze River is the longest river in China.（4）常用的含定冠詞的固定短語和習慣用法The+比較級the+比較級； 動詞+sb+介詞+the +身體某部位，by+the +計量名詞，in the 1990s, at

27、the beginning of, to tell the truth,with the help of, put sb.to the trouble of doing sth, at the moment, at the age of ,by the way, at the same time,take the place of, in the distance,in the end, the other day,on the other hand4.冠詞的混用（1）不定冠詞表示泛指意義，定冠詞表示定指意義；用不定冠詞時，以元音因素開頭的詞前用an,以輔音因素開頭的詞前用a.Suddenly

28、 the fire broke out in that workshop,but some of the workers managed to put it out.(2) 表示順序的序數(shù)詞或表示比較意義的最高級前用定冠詞，但二者前也可用不定冠詞，分別表示“又（一），再（一）”和“很，非?！敝?。Though it is the most interesting book in these books,it is not the most interesting one.(3)表示演奏的西洋樂器的名詞前一般用定冠詞the,但前面如果出現(xiàn)定語修飾，則可以用不定冠詞a/an例：He is play

29、ing the borrowed violin.(4) 表示世界上獨一無二的名詞前一般加定冠詞the ，但如果名詞前有修飾語，則可以用不定冠詞a/an.例: In spring,people often go out and enjoy the warm and bright sun.練習：1.In our country, every child have the chance to receive an education.2. I have visited many cities since the September.3.We all know that the man is the

30、most developed animal in the world.4.I came by the plane and I had a lovely journey.5.My brother is a student of the Grade Three.6.The poet and a professor is going to give us a talk7.He promised to come and see us after the supper.8.Suddenly I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd.9.Its

31、 necessary that a person drink several glasses of the water if he wants to remain healthy.10.Three months later,Tom was elected the monitor of our class.11.I have been staying here for seven weeks, and seven weeks has been wonderful.12.That accident took place in winter of the year 2010.13.Go along

32、this street, and take third turning on the left.14.The boy of no more than six years old can play piano very beautifully.15.There was heavy rain when we were camping last week.16.Mark Twin became one of the best known writers of the 19th century in United States.17.The policeman caught the thief by

33、arm.18.She wanted to be a doctor,but later she turned famous singer.19.Albert Einstein is such great scientist that people through the world all respect him.20.Only when you have acquired good knowledge of grammar can you write correctly.21.I had intended to go to the party but I had a unexpected vi

34、sitor.22.We finally arrived in Beijing.As soon as a train stopped, everyone came to life.23.India has the population of more than one billion.24.Do you think it all right to buy him that DVD player as the birthday gift?25.He was a last to leave the building .26.She devoted her life to helping a poor

35、.27.He graduated from an university of Yunnan Province.28.February is a second month of a year.29.During the summer ,there will be the number of visitors coming here.30.Annie is the most hard-working girl,but she isnt the most hard-working in her class.三、弄清連詞錯誤設置規(guī)律，把握連詞錯誤改正方法。連詞的用法復雜，有并列連詞和從屬連詞。從屬連詞

36、引導的從句又分為名詞性從句、狀語從句等。還有連接代詞、連接副詞等。改錯中尤其注意連接詞不止引導一種從句，而具有多重功能，這是難點，也是易錯點。常用的并列連詞：表示轉折關系的并列連詞But ,yet, while表示因果關系的并列連詞For表示并列關系的并列連詞And,bothand,eitheror.,neithernornot onlybut also表示選擇關系的并列連詞Or,eitheror常用的從屬連詞：時間狀語從句When,while,as,before, after,until,till,since,once,as soon as，whenever地點狀語從句Where,where

37、ver條件狀語從句If,unless,once,incase,as/solongas,supposing,provided,providing目的狀語從句So,so that, in order that, in case結果狀語從句Sothat,suchthat, so that,so原因狀語從句Because,as,since,in that,讓步狀語從句Although,though,even if/though,while,as,方式狀語從句As, as if/though比較狀語從句Than ,as備注：That,whether,if 等從屬連詞可引導主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句，同

38、位語從句等。1.as的用法As 可引導時間，原因，讓步，方式，比較，定語從句例1. Which you can see,he is always ready to help others.例2. Young although he is ,he knows a lot.2.that的用法。That 可引導多種從句，定語，名詞性從句等。例.The thief handed everything which he had stolen to the police.3.where的用法?？梢龑Ф喾N從句，定語,狀語，和名詞性從句。例1.He left his hometown that he was

39、born 20 years ago.例2.Go to find your watch. Its there you left it.例3.While reading the book, youd better make a mark which you have any questions.3.what 的用法.可引導感嘆句，特殊疑問句，名詞性從句。例1.How an interesting story he told us !例2.You must remember that he told you .5.”no matter what/how及”whatever/whoever”的區(qū)別no

40、 matter what/how只能引導讓步狀語從句，而whatever/whoever既可引導引導讓步狀語從句也可引導名詞性從句。例1.I will make friends with no matter who shares my interest.例2.No matter who wants the book may have it.6.whether 和if的區(qū)別whether 和if引導動詞后的賓語從句時可以互換，但引導介詞后的賓語從句，位于句首的主語從句，表語從句，同位語從句或以or not 連用時，只能用whether.例1.If you can pass the exam de

41、pends on how hard you work.例2.Im not interested in if he agrees with me.7.while,when,as 的區(qū)別。While引導的從句謂語動詞只能用延續(xù)性動詞；when引導的從句謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)性動詞也可以是短暫性動詞；as引導時間狀語從句時，側重兩個動作同時進行，表示“隨著，一邊。一邊?！崩?.I picked up some French words as I was having a holiday in Paris.例2.It was snowing while I got to Changchun.8.becau

42、se, as, since, now that，for 的區(qū)別。because, as, since, now that，是從屬連詞，because表示直接的原因，回答why;as只能是一種附加的理由；since, now that多表示雙方都已很清楚的事實，作“既然”講；而for則是并列連詞，位于句中，只說明一種補充說明。Because weve finished most of the work, lets have a rest. 9.as和(al)though引導讓步狀語從句的區(qū)別。as引導讓步狀語從句時，須把作狀語的副詞、謂語部分的實意動詞或作表語的形容詞、名詞等提前，作表語的若是單

43、數(shù)名詞，名詞前不用冠詞；在although引導讓步狀語從句中，以上成分不可以提前；在though引導讓步狀語從句中，以上成分（不）可以提前都行。例.Hard although he works,he cant catch up with his classmates.10.多一連詞的情況。（1）并列連詞連接兩個并列的成分或句子，從屬連詞則用來引導從句，作主句的某一成分，二者不能混用。Because /so, although /but例1.Although he is very young,but he can retell the story very fluently.（2）.兩個或者多個

44、從屬連詞不能并列使用。My parents sent me an e-mail to ask whether how I was getting along with my studies.(3).受漢語表達習慣和思維定勢的影響，在不需要連詞的地方錯用了連詞。例.In some parts of the forest where you can find large groups pf monkeys,which are jumping and down.11.缺一連詞的情況。（1）關系密切的句與句之間容易漏掉連詞。例。 It must have rained much,the river i

45、s so high.（2）在結構復雜的各種從句，如主語從句、表語從句等中容易漏掉連詞，尤其是連詞that.例1。The reason why I didnt go to France was I got a new job.例2.It doesnt matter he cant come to help us.(3)有些固定結構中，如hardlywhen,no soonerthan, neithernor,eitheror,等中容易漏掉連詞。We had hardly finished our housework Wang ping came to our house for a visit.

46、基礎訓練1. He hurt his leg while playing football, and so he couldnt go to school.2. Now that you have finished your homework, and you can watch TV.3. I wonder that whether he has decided to go there.4. Follow your doctors advice, and or your cough will get better.5. Although it was autumn, but it was s

47、nowing in Tibet.6. Regarded as the best in the class,so she was praised at the meeting.7. I dont remember that who did it.8. As the weather was good,so I decided to go swimming.9. In dry regions where you can find this kind of grass.10. Each time when he visited,he secretly took some of her things.1

48、1. My English teacher always made good preparations for the lesson, she tried her best to make her classes lively.12. I had no sooner closed the door the telephone rang.13. It began to rain, bthey had to stop the match.14. What he noticed was one of the windows facing north was open.15. Everybody co

49、uld see what happened and Tom was frightened.16. An important cause of the so-called generation gap is the opportunity young people have to choose their own lifestyles.17. She is not only kind, also honest.18. Try harder,you will have confidence.19. While reading this passage,make marks there are mi

50、stakes.20. Well have to go to bed early, well start off early tomorrow.21. I remember the time as my grandmother was telling stories to me .22. Child although he was, he looked quiet calm in that difficult situation.23. They tried again and again,but at last they succeeded.24. When he had been admit

51、ted by Beijing University made us very happy.25. Everyone agreed to his suggestion which we should hold a meeting to talk about the problem.26. I told my mother,father,sister,or all my friends that I had a great time there.27. When I was on the stage the next day,I was so nervous as I shook like a l

52、eaf.28. Im sure it wont be long until we find out the truth.29. Is this the museum when the exhibition was held ?高考英語短文改錯常設置多用、少用與誤用連詞錯誤。1. 分析兩個并列內(nèi)容 之間的邏輯關系可以發(fā)現(xiàn)并改正并列連詞的錯誤。例1. It s in the downtown area,but it is easy to go anywhere from the hotel by public transport.例2. I called my parents, so I didn

53、t tell them what had happened.例3. I bought my ticket but turned around to pick up my bag from the floor and then I realized that someone had stolen it.例4. I didnt have my camera with me at that time,but I rushed back home to get it .例5. Without a moments delay,his neighbor picked up the box but anno

54、unced,”I will take them.” 2. 分析復合句主句和從句之間的邏輯關系可以發(fā)現(xiàn)與改正復合句的連詞錯誤。例1. But before long they began to see which was happening.例2. In the end, we drove to a service station and waited thereUnless the road was clear.狀語從句高考真題匯集（20062011年）2011年真題1-5 ADDCA 610. DBBDB 11-15 DBCBC AC1.（全國卷II）19. It was a nice me

55、al, _a little expensive. A. though B. whether C. as D. since2.（2011北京卷）29. _ volleyball is her main focus, shes also great at basketball. A. SinceB. OnceC. UnlessD. While3. (2011上海卷) 36. If a lot of people say a film is not good, I wont bother to see it, or Ill wait it comes out on DVD.A. whetherB.

56、afterC. thoughD. until4.(2上海卷) 37. The police officers in our city work hard _ the rest of us can live a safe life. A. in caseB. as ifC. in order thatD. only if5.（2011江西卷）29. Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or it is convenient to you. A. whenever B. howeverC. whicheverD. w