主語(yǔ)從句詳解課堂教育

1、 主語(yǔ)從句詳解一、概述在句子中起名詞作用的各種從句統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句.根據(jù)它們?cè)诰渲械恼Z(yǔ)法作用, 這類從句又可分為主語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句. 二、主語(yǔ)從句主要有四類（1） 由連詞that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句:引導(dǎo)詞that無(wú)含義/在句中不做成分/不可以省.例如：that you will win the medal seems unlikely.that you are so indifferent bothers me.that she survived the accident is a miracle.（2） 用連詞 whether 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句: whether有含

2、義(是否)/在句中不做成分/不可以省.注意：引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句, 不能用if, 只能用whether.例如：whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. whether she is coming or not doesnt matter too much.（3） 用連接代詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句 在由連接代詞who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句中, 其連接代詞在句中起名詞性作用,

3、擔(dān)當(dāng)一定成分.例如：what you need is more practice. what i want to know is this. whatever we do is to serve the people.注：whatever / whoever的功用whatever, whoever在主語(yǔ)從句中不含疑問(wèn)意義.它引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句, 并在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等.whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who.要注意和whatever, whoever引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別.whoever breaks the law should be

4、 punished. （主語(yǔ)從句）（anyone who breaks the law should be punished. ）whoever breaks the law, he should be punished. （讓步狀語(yǔ)從句）（no matter who breaks the law, he should be punished. ）（4）用連接副詞when, where, why, how引導(dǎo)名詞性從句(其連接副詞有含義,在句中作狀語(yǔ).)例如:where we should leave it is a problem.when they will come hasnt been

5、 made pubic.三、注意點(diǎn): it構(gòu)成的主語(yǔ)從句（1）由連詞that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句, 在多數(shù)情況下放到句子的后面, 而用代詞it作形式主語(yǔ).例如：that light travels in straight lines is known to all.=it is known to all that light travels in straight lines.when the plane is to take off has not been announced .= it has not been announced when the plane is to take off.(

6、但當(dāng)what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句表示“的東西”時(shí), 一般不用it作形式主語(yǔ).)錯(cuò):it is a book what he wants.對(duì):what he wants is a book. 另外, 需要注意的是, it作形式主語(yǔ)代替主語(yǔ)從句時(shí), 要注意和as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別.試比較：it was reported that the us was under the terrorist attack. as was reported, the us was under the terrorist attack. （2）常見用it作形式主語(yǔ)的復(fù)合句結(jié)構(gòu)a. it is +名詞+從句it is a f

7、act that 事實(shí)是it is good news that 是好消息it is a question that 是個(gè)問(wèn)題it is common knowledge that 是常識(shí)類似的名詞還有：a pity；a wonder；a good thing； no wonder； surprise等.例如：it is a mystery to me how it all happened.it is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.it is no surprise that bob should have won the gam

8、e.its a pity that you missed the film. b. it is +形容詞+從句it is necessary that 有必要it is clear that 很清楚it is likely that 很可能it is important that 重要的是類似的形容詞還有：strange; natural; obvious; true; good; wonderful; possible; unlikely; quite; unusual; certain; evident; worth-while; surprising; interesting; asto

9、nishing, etc.例如：it is doubtful whether she will be able to come.it was really astonishing that he refused to talk to you.it is essential that he should be here by the weekend.it seems obvious that we cannot go on like this.it is necessary that you （should）master the computer. it is important that a

10、student learn english well. it is likely that a hurricane will arrive soon.需要注意的是, 這類主語(yǔ)從句中, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞很多為“（should）動(dòng)詞原形”, 即要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣.c. it is +過(guò)去分詞+從句it is said that 據(jù)說(shuō)it is reported that 據(jù)報(bào)道it has been proved that 已證明it must be proved that 必須指出類似的過(guò)去分詞還有：known; estimated; expected; believed; thought; hoped; n

11、oted; discussed; required; decided; suggested; demanded; made clear; found out,etc.例如：it is thought that he is the best player.it is estimated that the vase is 2000 years old.it is used to be thought that a new star must be due to a collision between two stars. it has not been made clear when the ne

12、w road is to be opened to traffic.it is said that he was killed in the earthquake. d. it seems（happened / appears / doesnt matter / makes no difference / occurred ）that it seems that they will win the game. it makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not. it does not matter if i mis

13、sed my train.it happened that i saw him yesterday.主從練習(xí)1. _ as much as one-fifth of all timber harvested is not used.a. the estimate           b. the estimated   

14、; c. they are estimated       d. it is estimated that2. _ some mammals came to live in the sea is not known.   a. which      

15、 b. since        c. although      d. how 3. _ we have achieved is attributed to the guidance of our parents.   a. whoever

16、0;    b. whatever     c. however      d. that 4. _ wealthy does not necessarily mean that a man is greedy.   a. for the 

17、reason that he is      b. just because he is    c. the reason of being           d. that he is 5. although _&#

18、160;happened in this developed country sounds like science fiction,  it could occur elsewhere in the world.   a. which        b. what     &#

19、160; c. how           d. it6. _ she had forgotten to take her notebook.   a. that occurred to her         

20、0; b. she occurred that     c. to her that occurred           d. it occurred to her that7. i am sure that _ she said

21、0;is wrong.   a. which        b. all         c. this            d. what8. we lost our way 

22、in the forest, and _ made matters worse was that it was getting dark.  a. that           b. which      c. it   

23、;           d. what9. _ or not is still uncertain.  a. hes coming                 b. if he 

24、;is coming      c. that coming                 d. whether hes coming10. its _ hell be able to come.  a. doubt&

25、#160;whether  b. doubtful     c. doubt it         d. doubtful whether 11. _ he is at work in the heart of the big city or

26、0;at home in the quiet  suburb, dicks life is tied to machines.  a. whether       b. till              c. if &

27、#160;          d. unless12. _ he saw both surprised and frightened him.  a. that          b. when      &#

28、160;     c. what         d. which13. _ is  warm sunshine.  a. what do we all need.          b. what all&#

29、160;we need    c. what we need                 d. what we all need14. _ is a pity that he should feel so upset

30、.   a. what         b. that              c. he           d. it15. _ a spoonful&#

31、160;of soil can tell us so much about the structure and early history of the moon.  a. remarkable                  b.

32、60;quite remarkably    c. it is remarkable that            d. it is remarkable fact that16. _ you nominate will be elected.   

33、;a. who         b. whom             c. whomever    d. thats 17. _ book you borrow must be returned within

34、 a week.   a. what       b. which              c. whichever     d. thats 18. _ of us gets home&

35、#160;first starts cooking.   a. who       b. which              c. whichever     d. anyone1._ makes mistakes must correct the

36、m.a. what b. that c. whoever d. whatever2. it worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.a. while b. that c. if d. for 3.when and why he came here _ yet.a. is not known b. are not known c. has not known d. have not known4. _ is no reason for dismissing her.a. because she was a few minutes late b.

37、 owing to a few minutes latec. the fact that she was a few minutes late d. being a few minutes late5. _ tom liked to eat was different from _.a. thatthat you had expected b. what that you had expectedc. thatwhat you had expected d. whatwhat you had expected6._ we go swimming every day _ us a lot of

38、good.a. if.do b. that.do c. if.does d. that.does7.it _ bob drives badly.a. thinks that b. is thought what c. thought that d. is thought that8.it's uncertain _ the experiment is worth doing.a. if b. that c. whether d. how9._ the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry.a. that b. what c

39、. how d. which10._ we can't get seems better than _ we have.a. what, what b. what, that c. that, that d. that, what11._ you don't like him is none of my business. a. what b. who c. that d. whether12._ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.a. if b. whether c. that d. where13._i

40、s going to do the job will be decided by the party committee.a. that b. why c. how d. who14._we'll finish translating the book depends on the time.a. when b. why c. what d. that15._he won't go there is clear to all of us.a. how b. what c. why d. this16._the house will be built will be discus

41、sed at tomorrow's meeting.a. if b. where c. that d. what17._you come or not is up to you.a. what b. if c. why d. whether18._makes mistakes must correct them.a. who b. anyone c. whoever d. anybody19._team will win the match is a matter of public concern.a. which b. that c. if d. how20. who is thi

42、s factory _ some foreign friends visited last friday?a. that b. where c. which d. the one21.is this factory you visited the other day?a. that b. where c. in which d. the one22._leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.a. anyone b. the person c. whoever d.who 表語(yǔ)從句1、概述用作表語(yǔ)的從句叫作表語(yǔ)從句, 它位于主句中的連系

43、動(dòng)詞之后.引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的詞有從屬連詞that、whether、as though(if)；關(guān)系代詞who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等；關(guān)系副詞when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等.可以接表語(yǔ)從句的連系動(dòng)詞由be, look, remain, seem等.that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí), 在口語(yǔ)中, 間或可以省略.the trouble is that we are short of money.困難是我們資金短缺.that is w

44、hy stone walls are used instead of fences around new england fields.這就是為什么在新英格蘭用石頭墻而不用柵欄的原因.at that time, it seemed as if i couldn't think of the right word anyhow.當(dāng)時(shí),我似乎怎么也想不出一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)淖盅蹃?lái).2、由從屬連詞that, whether引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句.that在引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)無(wú)詞義, 而whether有詞義, 意為、“是否”.這時(shí)主句的主語(yǔ)常常是些抽象名詞, 如question(問(wèn)題), trouble(麻煩),

45、problem(問(wèn)題), result(結(jié)果), chance(可能性), suggestion(建議), idea(想法), reason(理由)等.表語(yǔ)從句對(duì)主句主語(yǔ)進(jìn)行說(shuō)明、解釋, 使主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容具體化. the trouble is (that) she has lost his money. 麻煩的事是他丟了錢.the question is whether we need more ice cream.問(wèn)題是我們是否還需要一些冰淇淋.the problem was that it was too valuable for everyday use.問(wèn)題是它作為日常之用太貴重了.wha

46、t she couldnt understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. 我們不能理解越來(lái)越少的學(xué)生對(duì)他的課不感興趣.3、由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句.關(guān)系代詞who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句, 在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ), 關(guān)系代詞不能省略.the question is which of us should go.問(wèn)題是我們哪一個(gè)應(yīng)該去.the problem was w

47、ho could do the work.問(wèn)題是誰(shuí)能做這項(xiàng)工作.that's what he is worrying about.那就是他在擔(dān)心的事.that's what we should do.那是我們應(yīng)該做的.4、由關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句.go and get your coat. it's where you left it. 去把雨衣拿來(lái).就在你原來(lái)放的地方.i had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. thats why i got wet through. 我們既沒(méi)傘也沒(méi)雨衣, 這是我們淋濕的原因.that is h

48、ow mice ruin many stores of grain every year.那就是老鼠是怎樣每年損害大量糧食的.that is what he is worried about.那就是他所擔(dān)心的.5、由連詞because, as if/as though等引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句.it looked as if it was going to snow.看起來(lái)好像要下雪了.that's because we never thought of it.這是因?yàn)槲覀儚奈聪脒^(guò)此事.it seems as if he didnt know the answer.好像他不知道答案.可以接表語(yǔ)從

49、句的系動(dòng)詞有：1：be（being,been,am,is,are,was,were)2: feel , seem , look, appear ,sound, taste , smell 3: stand , lie , remain ,keep, stay4: become ,get , grow , turn ,go ,come, run, fall5: prove, turn out 系動(dòng)詞的固定搭配:come true, fall asleep, fall ill, go bad, come right, run wild 連接詞：that / whether /as if /as t

50、hough (if不引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句)連接代詞：who / whom / whose / which / what 連接副詞：when / where / why / how / because 注：引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的連詞that間或可以省略.the truth is（that）i didn't go there. 事實(shí)是我沒(méi)去那兒.考題1 the traditional view is _ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.a. when b. why c. whether d. that答案 d解析 下劃

51、線處之后是包含一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的表語(yǔ)從句, 如果看不出它是充當(dāng)整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的表語(yǔ)從句將難以把握整個(gè)句子的意思.因此, 應(yīng)選擇可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句且不充當(dāng)任何成分的that.考題2 you are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ i disagree.a. why b. where c. what d. how答案 b解析 下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)系動(dòng)詞is后的表語(yǔ)從句并在該表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)(“disagree”屬于不及物動(dòng)詞, “i disagree”本身是完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)), 下劃線應(yīng)填入引導(dǎo)詞where, 表語(yǔ)從句“whe

52、re i disagree”的意思是“我不同意之處、 我不同意的地方”.考題3 i drove to zhuhai for the air show last week. is that _ you had a few days off?a. why b. when c. what d. where答案 a解析 下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)與系動(dòng)詞is連用的表語(yǔ)從句并在該表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ), 下劃線應(yīng)填入表示“因此”(指因某種原因所造成的結(jié)果)的引導(dǎo)詞why.考題4 _ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed int

53、erest in her lessons. a. what; why b. that; what c. what; because d. why; that答案 a解析 第一個(gè)下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并在該主語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ), 特指她所不理解的事情, 應(yīng)填入關(guān)系代詞型的引導(dǎo)詞what； 第二個(gè)下劃線處表示“因此”(指因某種原因所造成的后果, 由why引導(dǎo)對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞性從句)而不是“為什么”(指原因、 理由, 由because引導(dǎo)對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞性從句), 應(yīng)填入引導(dǎo)詞why.考題5 _ made the school proud was _ more than 90% of the student

54、s had been admitted to key universities. a. what; because b. what; that c. that; what d. that; because答案 b解析 第一個(gè)下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并在該主語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ), 特指令校方驕傲的事情, 應(yīng)選用關(guān)系代詞型的引導(dǎo)詞what； 第二個(gè)下劃線處引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句表示原因、 理由, 應(yīng)由that引導(dǎo)對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞性從句.考題6 are you still thinking about yesterdays game? oh, thats _.a. what makes me feel excite

55、d b. whatever i feel excited aboutc. how i feel about it d. when i feel excited答案 a解析 a選項(xiàng)的意思是“令我感覺(jué)激動(dòng)的事物”； b選項(xiàng)的意思是“我覺(jué)得激動(dòng)的任何事物”； c選項(xiàng)的意思是“我對(duì)它感覺(jué)的方式”； d選項(xiàng)的意思是“令我感覺(jué)激動(dòng)的時(shí)間”.四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中a最適合跟代表“game”的主語(yǔ)that對(duì)應(yīng), 充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)從句.表語(yǔ)從句與賓語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系不屬于的賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句都屬于名詞性從句.其作用跟名詞在句中的作用相同.故充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的句子叫賓語(yǔ)從句, 充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)的句子叫表語(yǔ)從句.賓語(yǔ)從句 (1)對(duì)于賓語(yǔ)從句要掌握以下三點(diǎn)

56、語(yǔ)序: 從句的語(yǔ)序必須是陳述句語(yǔ)序, 即“主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)”這種形式. 時(shí)態(tài): 當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)候, 從句可以是任何時(shí)態(tài), 而當(dāng)主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)候, 從句, 從句時(shí)態(tài)必須是過(guò)去時(shí)范圍的時(shí)態(tài), 即(一般過(guò)去時(shí), 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí), 過(guò)去完成時(shí), 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)). 連接詞: 當(dāng)從句意思完整, 主句意思肯定時(shí), 連接詞用that, 且可以省去, 當(dāng)從句意思完整, 主句意思不確定或含否定含意時(shí), 常用if或whether(是否), 當(dāng)從句意思不完整時(shí), 連接詞則是代替不完整部分的特殊疑問(wèn)詞. 表語(yǔ)從句 在句子中起表語(yǔ)作用的從句叫做表語(yǔ)從句, 位于主句系動(dòng)詞的后面.表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞和主語(yǔ)從句

57、的引導(dǎo)詞相同.也是名詞性從句的一種. 如： what the police want to know is when you enred red the room警察想知道的是你什么時(shí)候進(jìn)的房間. the the trouble is that we are short of funds困難是我們?nèi)狈Y金. this this is what we should do這是我們應(yīng)當(dāng)做的. that”s s why i want you to work there那就是我要你在那兒工作的原因. his his first question was whether mr. smith had arr

58、ived yet他的第一個(gè)問(wèn)題是史密斯先生到了沒(méi)有. 注意：從句中的疑問(wèn)句用正常語(yǔ)序, 即陳述語(yǔ)序. as as if, as though, becau也可用來(lái)引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句. she she seems as if she had done a great thing她看起來(lái)好像做了一件大事. it it is because you eat too much那是因?yàn)槟愠缘锰嗔? 表從練習(xí)一1. the question is _ we will have our sports meet next week.a. that b. if c. when d. whether2the reas

59、on why he failed is _he was too careless.a. because b. that c. for d. because of3. go and get your coat. it s _you left ita. where b. there c. there where d. where there4the problem is _to take the place of teda. who can we get b. what we can getc. who we can get d. that we can get5. what i want to

60、know is _ he likes the gift given by us.a. that b. if c. whether d.不填6. the reason is_i missed the bus. a. that b. when c. why d. what7. that is _ _ we were late last time. a. that b. when c. why d. what8. she looked _ she were ten years younger.a. that  b. like c. as    d. as th

61、ough9.i fell sick!-i think it is _ you are doing too much. a. why b. when c. what d. because 10. the reason why he hasnt come is _. a. because his mother is ill b. because of his mothers being illc. that his mother is ill d. for his mother is ill11. he was born here.- that is _ he likes the place so

62、 much.a. that b. what c. why d. how12.that is _ lu xun once lived.a. what b. where c. that d. why二1_your father wants to know is_ getting on with your studies.a. what; how are you b. that；how you are c. how；that you are d. what；how you are2. the trouble is_we are short of tools. a. what b. that c. h

63、ow d. why that3. america was _was first called “india” by columbus.a. what b. where c. the place d. there where4. china is becoming stronger and stronger. it is no longer_ . a. what it used to be b. what it was used to being c. what it used to being d. what it was used to be 5. _he really means is _

64、he disagrees with us.a. what that b. that whatc. what what d. that what6. the energy is _ makes the cells able to do their work.a. that b. which c. what d. such三1. i drove to zhuhai for the air show last week .is that_ you had a few days off？a. why b .what c. when d. where 2. i had neither a raincoa

65、t nor an umbrella _i got wet through. a. its the reason b. thats why c. theres why d. its how3. see the flags on top of the building? that was _ we did this morning. a. when b. which c. where d. what4. - are you still thinking about yesterdays game? -oh, thats _.a. what makes me feel excited b. whatever i feel excited aboutc. how i feel about it d. when i feel