定語從句的用法和精練

1、定語從句的用法和精練修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。i dont like people who talked much .he likes books that was written by luxun.二定語從句的關系詞 引導定語從句的關系詞相關系代詞和關系副詞,常見的關系代詞包括that, which, who(賓格whom,所有格whose)等,關系副詞包where, when, why等。關系代詞和關系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用,同時又作定語從句的重要成分。注意 1【當先行詞是物用that或which。是人用who whom(只做賓語)或that】

2、2切記what不能引導定語從句.3 定語從句主謂一致（當引導詞在句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞要看先行詞，因為引導詞所代指的就是先行詞）the men who are reading books are my friendstom is one of the boys that are from usa三、關系代詞的用法 1. that 既能夠用于指人,或指物。在從句中作主語或賓語,作主語時不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如：mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。(that作主語不可省略) the coat (that) i put o

3、n the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍色的。(that作賓語可省略) 2.which用于指物,在句中作主語或賓語,作主語不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如： the building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。(作主語) the film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(作賓語) 3.who, whom用于指人,作主語用who ,作賓語用who或 whom。eg the gir

4、l who often helps me with my english is from england.經(jīng)常在英語方面協(xié)助我的那個女孩是英國人。(作主語) the teacher (who|whom) li ming is talking to is my english teacher? 正在與李明談話的老師是我英語老師.(作賓語) 注意：(1)當定語從句中含有介詞,介詞放在句末時,who, that, which可省略,但介詞提前表物只用which介詞提前表人只用whom例如： this is the house (which|that) we lived in last year （可

5、省略 ）this is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔?。（介詞表物提前只用which不用that）the person to whom you just talked is mr li。 (介詞提前表人只用whom不用who） (2)含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中,介詞不可前置,只能放在原來的位置上。例如： this is the person whom you are looking for. 這就是你要找的那個人。 四。關系詞只能用that的情況： 1). 先行詞被序數(shù)詞,最高級所修飾,或被the only, the very,

6、 the same, the last, little, few 等詞修飾時,只能用that,而不用which.例如： he was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一個通過考試的人。 this is the most beautiful mountain that i have seen.this is the same bike that i lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。 2).先行詞為不定代詞表物時 something, everything, anything 或,all, any, much, many, none, the

7、one等不定代詞時,只能用that,而不用which.例如： is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎? 4). 先行詞里同時含有人或物時,只能用that, 而不用which.例如： i can remember well the persons and some pictures that i saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。 5).以who或which引導的特殊疑問句,為避免重復,只能用that.例如： who is the girl that is cr

8、ying? 正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰? 6）.主句是there be 結構,修飾主語的定語從句用that,而不用which.例如： there is a book on the desk that belongs to tom. 桌子上那本書是湯姆的。 關系詞只能用which,而不用that 的情況： 1.先行詞為that, those時,用which, 而不用that.例如： whats that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么? 2.關系代詞前有介詞時,一般用which,而不用that.例如： this is the room in which

9、he lives. 這是他居住的房間。 定語從句中只用who不用that的情況1先行詞是不定代詞表人時somebody, anyone等或one, ones，those 或被those修飾，指人時one who does not work hard will never succeed.anyone who breaks the law should be punished.she is the only one who has been to the usa.those who learn not only from books but also through practice will

10、succeed2在以there be的句子中，先行詞為人時there is a stranger outside who wants to see you.五、關系副詞的用法 (1)when指時間,其先行詞表示時間,在句中作時間狀語。例如： this was the time when he arrived.這是他到達的時間。 (2)where指地點,其先行詞表示地點,在句中作地點狀語。例如： this is place where he works.這是他工作的地點。 (3)why 指原因,其先行詞是原因,起原因狀語作用。例如： nobody knows the reason why he

11、is often late for school. 沒人知道他為什么上學總遲到。 變?yōu)槎ㄕZ從句1 the lady is my english teacher, you saw her just now.2 the nurse is very kind.she looks after my little brother3 the medicine was helpful,dr li gave it to me.4 the play was very interesting ,we saw it the night before.5 do you know her? we met the wom

12、an at the gate.i.單項填空。 1. -do you know the man _is talking with your father? -yes, hes our headmaster. a. he b. who c. which d. whom 2. is this the river _i can swim? a. which b. in which c. that d. the one 3. this is the best hotel in the city _i know. a. where b. which c. that d. it 4. can you len

13、d me the dictionary _the other day? a. that you bought b. you bought it c. that you bought it d. which you bought it 5. anyone _with what i said may put up you hands. a. which agrees b. who agree c. who agrees d. which agree 6. my watch is not the only thing _ is missing. a. that b. it c. which who

14、7. the man _coat is black is waiting at the gate a. whos b. whose c. that of which. 8. the girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister. a. which; is b. whom; was c. who; is d. who; was 9. i love places _the people are really friendly. a. that b. which c. where d. who 10. the world _ is made up of ma

15、tter. a. in that we live b. on which we live c. where we live in d. we live in 11. this is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday.a. that b. who c. whom d. this12. the man _ lives next to us is my english teacher.a. who m b. which c. who d. /a. the one b. that c. which d. /13. the only language _ is e

16、asy to learn is the mother tongue.a. which b. that c. / d. it14. the girl handed everything _ she had picked up in the street to the police.a. which b. in which c. that d. all15. _ cleans the blackboard should be praised.a. that b. who c. the one who d. the students who16. please show me the book _

17、you bought yesterday.a. which b. whom c. whose d. this17. this is the best book _ i have been looking for all this year.a. who b. whom c. which d. /18. this is the only article of these that _ written by him.a. was b. were c. is d. are19 the man _ was here just now is a doctor.a. whom b. who c. / d.

18、 he20. the boy _ has two lovely dogs.a. who live next door b. which lives next doorc. whom lives next door d. that lives next door21 those _ made no mistakes in todays exercises please raise your hands.a. which b. whom c. that d. who22. dont go in, this is the shop _ we have just been _.a. /, to b.

19、that, / c. where, to d. which, there23. he is the most careful boy _ i know.a. what b. which c. as d. ./ 24 this is the school _ mr. smith once taught.a. in that b. when c. where d. there25. have you visited the house _ the famous scientist was born?a. where b. in that c. that d. which26. the factor

20、y _ mr. li used to work was closed last week.a. when b. where c. that d. which27. do you still remember the day _ we first met?a. that b. when c. what d. on that28. the time _ we studied together is not easily forgotten.29. october 1,1949 is the day _ well never forget.a. when b. that c. where d. in

21、 which30. october 1,1949 was the day _ the peoples republic of china was founded.a. which b. when c. where d. in which31. is this the shop _ sells childrens clothing?a. which b. where c. in which d. what32 is this museum _ they visited last month?a. that b. which c. where d. the one33 i still rememb

22、er the sitting-room _ my mother and i used to sit in the evening.a. what b. which c. that d. where. 用適當?shù)年P系代詞填空。 1. the first thing _you must do is to have a meal. 2. april 1st is the day _is called april fools day in the west. 3. the family _had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their

23、 friends. 4. the house _we live in is very old. 5. didnt you see the man _i talked with just now? 定語從句由關系代詞who、whom、whose、which、what和關系副詞where、when、why等引導，但須記?。?1.what不能引導定語從句. 2.關系詞的分析須考慮它在定語從句中的成分。 一.指人的關系代詞有who、whose、whom、that. 試分析： the old man who/whom /that we visited yesterday is a famous arti

24、st. miss wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to beijing . the man with whom my father shook hands just now is our headmaster. （=the man who/whom that my father shook hands with just now is our headmaster.）注： a 指人時有時只用who不宜用that。 1先行詞為one、ones或anyone （1）the comrade i want to lear

25、n from is the one who studies hard and works hard. （2）anyone who breaks the law should be punished. 2先行詞為these時 these who are going to beijing are the best students of our school. 3在there be 開頭的句子中 there is a student who wants to see you. 4一個句子中帶有兩個定語從句，其中一個定語從句的關系代詞是that，另一個宜用who，以免重復。 the student

26、that won the first prize is the monitor who works hards. 5在非限制性定語從句中 a。i met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from japan. b主句以who開頭的句子中,只用that,不用who。 二指物的關系代詞有which、whose(=of which)、that. 試分析： 1. i like the books which / that were written by lu xun. 2. the desks (which/that) we made

27、 last year were very good. 3. this is the house in which we lived last year. (= this is the house which /that we lived in last year.) 4. i live in the room whose windows face south. (= i live in the room ,the windows of which face south.) 注： a. 介詞如果位于作為其賓語的關系代詞之前時，只能用whom、 which不能用who或that. (1). the

28、 girl about whom they were talking is our monitor. (2). the book in which there are many interesting things was written by li ming. b. 部分短語動詞中的介詞不可與動詞拆開，在定語從句中其介詞不可前置，只能放在其動詞之后。 is this the book which she is looking for? the old man who/whom they are waiting for is professor li. the child who/whom s

29、he is looking after is wang pings son. c 指物時，下列情況下只能用that ，不宜用which。 （1）先行詞為不定代詞，如all、much、anything、everything、nothing、something、none、the one等。 we are willing to do anything that is good to the people. i have told them all (that) i know. all that can be done has been done. （2）先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞、修飾時。 the f

30、irst book that i read last night was an english novel. （3）先行詞是形容詞最高級或被最高級修飾時。 this is one of the most interesting films that i have ever seen. this is the best that can be done now. （4）如果有兩個或兩個以上分別表示人和物的先行詞時(先行詞既有人又有物)，定語從句的關系代詞用which和who都不合適，只能用that。 we know nothing about the doctors and the hospit

31、als that you are talking about. there are sheep and men that can be seen on the hill. （5）如果先行詞被the only、the very、the last、the same、any、 few 、little、no、 all 、one of、 just修飾時。 this is the only book that can be lent to you. （6）當主句是以which開頭的特殊問句時，關系代詞只用that。 which is the dictionary that he used yesterda

32、y ? d只物時，下列情況下只能用which，不宜用that。 （1）關系代詞放在介詞之后 this is the factory in which we once worked. （2）非限制性定語從句中 this is the book, which is written by lu xun. （3）that，those作主語時 those which are on the desk are english books. e先行詞前有such、the same、 as時, 關系代詞用as，不用that, 但the sameas表示同樣的, the samethat表示同一的 he know

33、s as many people as are present at the meeting. such people as you refer to are rare nowadays. 三比較when/which、where /which、why. which i still never forget. this is the day when i joined the party. which he spent reading the books. where i found the book. which makes machines. this is the place which

34、we once visited. which i will never forget. which i am looking for. 限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別： 限制性定語從句 非限制性定語從句 all the students who study hard have passed.學習努力的學生都考試及格了。(只有努力的及格了，不努力的沒及格。) all the students ,who study hard have passed.所有的學生都及格了，他們學習努力。（沒有人不及格，這些學生都很努力。） 從句是先行詞不可缺少的定語（如去掉，主句意思就不完整或不準確。） 從句

35、是對先行詞的附加說明（如去掉，主句意思仍清楚，不受影響。） 與主句關系密切，不用逗號 與主句關系不十分密切，用逗號與主句隔開譯為漢語時，從句譯在先行詞前，與先行詞用“的”連接 譯為漢語時，從句放在主句后面關系代詞that能夠代替who、whom(指人)、which(指物) 關系代詞不用that,只用who、whom(指人)、which(指物) 關系代詞代替賓語時能夠省略 關系代詞不能省略關系代詞as和which 先研究下面兩個例句： 1.this elephant is like a snake, as /which everybody can see. =as everybody can s

36、ee, this elephant is like a snake. 任何人都看得出來，這頭象像條蛇。 2.tom didnt pass the physics exam, which made his parents very angry. tom物理考試不及格，這使得他父親很生氣。 這兩個例句中，as和which所代表的都是整個主句所表示的內(nèi)容。但有兩點不同之處： 1 在形式上as引導的非限制性定語從句可位于主句的后面，也可位于主句的前面；而which引導的非限制性定語從句只能位于主句的后面，不能位于主句的前面。 2 在意義上，as引導的定語從句和主句的關系一般為一致關系，常譯為“正如”，

37、“就像”，而which引導的定語從句和主句的關系是因果關系，或which引導的定語從句是對主句的評論。所以，在意思通順的情況下，which可代替as，而as很多時候不能代替which，如句2。再如： 1he was late again, as / which we had expected. =as we had expected, he was late again. 正如我們所料，他又遲到了。/他又遲到了這是我們早就料到的。 2 the street hasnt been cleared for weeks, which makes it very dirty. 街道好多星期沒有打掃了，

38、所以整條街很臟。（不用as） 3the young man cheated his friend of much money, which was disgraceful. 那年輕人詐騙了他朋友很多錢財，這是不光彩的。（不 用as） 4he takes exercise everyday, which has done a lot of good to his health. 他每天運動，這對他的身體很有好處。（不用as） 5as has already been pointed out, english is rather difficult for a foreigner. 正如已經(jīng)指出的

39、那樣，英語對于初學者說，是相當難學的。在suchas、the sameas、 as、 as many/much as等結構中,as不能用which代替。如： 1.such books as this are too difficult for beginners. 這樣的書對于初學的人來說是太難了。 =books such as this are =books like this are 2.i live in the same building as he (does). 我和他住再同一座大樓里。 3.he knows as many people as are present at the meeting.