EST Unit 6 The Scope of Geology

1、CompanyCompany LOGOLOGOUnit Six Earth ScienceOmission 減詞法Omissionl省略冠詞l省略代詞l省略介詞l省略連詞l省略謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞省略冠詞省略冠詞l英語(yǔ)中的冠詞，英語(yǔ)中的冠詞，a, an, the 等常常省略等常常省略Ex: The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy by means of a generator or dynamo(發(fā)電機(jī)). 利用發(fā)電機(jī)可將機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)變回電能。注：當(dāng) a 表示“一”，the 表示“這個(gè)”或“那個(gè)”時(shí)，則應(yīng)翻譯出。Ex:

2、The vertical element has a fixed part called the vertical stabilizer and a movable part called the rudder. 垂直面上有一個(gè)固定的部件，稱為垂直安定面，還有一個(gè)可移動(dòng)的部件，稱為方向舵。（句中的a 最好譯出）省略代詞省略代詞句中曾出現(xiàn)的某一名詞的人稱代詞或指示代詞Ex: 1. The finished products must be sampled to check their quality before they leave the factory.成品在出廠前必須抽樣進(jìn)行質(zhì)量檢查。2

3、. The waste gases are harmful to us and we should by all means remove them. 廢氣對(duì)我們是有害的，我們應(yīng)盡力加以排除。 there be 句型中的省譯現(xiàn)象句型中的省譯現(xiàn)象l省譯there be本身的含義，即不把“有”翻譯出來(lái)lThere is every indication that algae, along with bacteria and certain fungi, are extremely ancient organisms. 一切跡象表明藻類、細(xì)菌及真菌都是非常古老的有機(jī)體。lAs a moderate

4、there is a choice between normal water, heavy water and graphite（石墨）. 可以選擇普通的水、重水和石墨作為減速劑。QuizlHardening(淬火) is a process of heating and cooling steel to increase its hardness and tensile strength, to reduce its ductility, and to obtain a fine grain structure(細(xì)晶粒組織). The procedure includes heating t

5、he metal above its critical point or temperature, followed by rapid cooling.lWhen steel reaches this temperaturesomewhere between 1,400 and 1,600 Fthe change is ideal to make for a hard, strong material if it is cooled quickly. If the metal cools slowly, it changes back to its original state. The Sc

6、ope of Geology火山熔巖地殼礦物學(xué)巖石學(xué)冰河珊瑚礁物理地質(zhì)學(xué)地質(zhì)史學(xué)地球機(jī)制volcanolavacrustmineralogypetrologyglaciercoral reefphysical geologyhistorical geologymachinery of the earth句子翻譯句子翻譯l1. The point is not that we now pretend to understand everything, but that we have faith in the orderliness of natural processes. As a resu

7、lt of two or three centuries of scientific investigation we have come to believe that Nature is understandable in the sense that when we ask her questions by way of appropriate observations and experiment, she will answer truly and reward us with discoveries that endure. 句子翻譯句子翻譯l2. The key words of

8、 the three main branches are the materials of the earths rocky framework (mineralogy and petrology); the geological processes or machinery of the earth, by means of which changes of all kinds are brought about (physical geology); and finally, the succession of these changes, or the history of the ea

9、rth (historical geology). 句子翻譯句子翻譯l1. 問(wèn)題不在于我們需要裝得什么都懂，而是我們相信自然過(guò)程是有規(guī)律可循的。經(jīng)過(guò)二三個(gè)世紀(jì)的科學(xué)研究，我們漸漸發(fā)現(xiàn)，只要用合適方法對(duì)其進(jìn)行觀察和實(shí)驗(yàn)，大自然是可以被了解的。它會(huì)真心實(shí)意地答復(fù)我們，并以不斷的發(fā)現(xiàn)來(lái)報(bào)答我們。l2. 這三門(mén)最主要的學(xué)科包括：研究地球的巖質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)物，即礦物學(xué)和巖石學(xué)；研究各種變化據(jù)以發(fā)生的地質(zhì)過(guò)程或地球機(jī)制，即物理地質(zhì)學(xué)；以及研究這些變化的持續(xù)過(guò)程，或者說(shuō)研究地球的歷史，即地質(zhì)史學(xué)。句子翻譯句子翻譯lAlthough geology has its own laboratory methods for

10、 studying minerals, rocks and fossils, it is essentially an open-air science. It attracts it followers to mountains and waterfalls, glaciers and volcanoes, beaches and coral reefs in search for information about the earth and her often puzzling behavior. l雖然地質(zhì)學(xué)在研究礦物、巖石和化石的時(shí)候，有它獨(dú)特的實(shí)驗(yàn)室方法，但它本質(zhì)上是一門(mén)在野外進(jìn)行

11、研究的科學(xué)。它吸引著從事這方面工作的人攀大山、臨瀑布、履冰川、登火山、循海灘、涉環(huán)礁，以探索有關(guān)地球和它那些變幻莫測(cè)的現(xiàn)象。 倍數(shù)增減的譯法倍數(shù)增減的譯法lincrease by n times “增加了n-1倍”或 “增加到n倍”lincrease n times “增加了n-1倍”或 “增加到n倍” lincrease by a factor of n “增加了n-1倍”或 “增加到n倍”lincrease to n times “增加了n-1倍”或 “增加到n倍”lEx: Now the total installed capacity has increased by three ti

12、mes as compared with that of 2000. 現(xiàn)在總裝機(jī)容量比2000年增加了兩倍. The input stage amplifies the input signal by a factor of 50. 在輸入階段, 輸入的信號(hào)被放大到50倍.With the result of automation productivity has increased 6 times in that factory. 自動(dòng)化使那個(gè)工廠的生產(chǎn)率增加了5倍.倍數(shù)比較的譯法倍數(shù)比較的譯法lA is n times larger than BlA is n times as large

13、 as B lA is larger than B by n timeslA is n times B “A是B的n倍”或 “A比B大n-1倍”lEx:The proton has a weight about 1837 times as heavy as the electron. 質(zhì)子的總量約為電子的1837倍.Sound travels nearly three times faster in copper than in lead.聲音在銅中的傳播速度幾乎是在鉛中的三倍.補(bǔ)充：形式主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)充：形式主語(yǔ)“it”的譯法的譯法l順譯法：按照原句的語(yǔ)序，將句子譯為漢語(yǔ)的無(wú)主句Ex: With t

14、he more complex shapes, it is necessary to go through a series of stages before the final shape can be produced from the raw material. 對(duì)于較復(fù)雜的形狀，必須經(jīng)過(guò)幾個(gè)步驟才能把原料加工成最后的形狀。補(bǔ)充：形式主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)充：形式主語(yǔ)“it”的譯法的譯法l倒譯法：將句尾真正的主語(yǔ)先譯，做譯文的主語(yǔ)Ex: Its important to learn when the environment is not good for plants and animals, it i

15、s not good for man. 懂得當(dāng)環(huán)境不利于動(dòng)植物時(shí)也懂得當(dāng)環(huán)境不利于動(dòng)植物時(shí)也 不利于人類這一點(diǎn)不利于人類這一點(diǎn)是很重要的。 增譯法：在譯文中增加泛指代詞做主語(yǔ)，如“人們”、“有人”、“我們”等Ex: It is necessary to elaborate on the definition of fatigue coefficient. 我們我們有必要對(duì)疲勞系數(shù)的定義作詳細(xì)的解釋。補(bǔ)充：形式主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)充：形式主語(yǔ)“it”的譯法的譯法約定俗成表達(dá)法1.1.It goes without saying that agriculture engineering involves bot

16、h the natural sciences and the biological sciences. 不言而喻不言而喻，農(nóng)業(yè)工程包括自然科學(xué)與生物學(xué)。2. It is at once apparent that the current flows through T1 and T2 on a half and half basis in this circuit configuration（構(gòu)造）. 一目了然一目了然，在這種電路中，電流平均地流過(guò)T1和T2.3. It follows that radar is an electronic system for locating aircraft or cloud patterns. 由此可見(jiàn)，由此可見(jiàn)，雷達(dá)是用來(lái)測(cè)定飛機(jī)位置或云形位置的電子系統(tǒng)。學(xué)期論文要求學(xué)期論文要求l備選題目：備選題目：l1. 科技英語(yǔ)翻譯的理解與表達(dá)l2. 科技英語(yǔ)翻譯中直譯和意譯的特點(diǎn)和選擇l3. 科技翻譯中的事理性和邏輯性l4. 論科技翻譯中語(yǔ)序的處理l5. 科技英語(yǔ)中長(zhǎng)句的譯法l6. 科技英語(yǔ)中否定句的譯法l7. 科技翻譯中倍數(shù)