英語(yǔ)：語(yǔ)法 高中定語(yǔ)從句ppt課件

1、第四講第四講定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句( (二二) )1；.一、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句一、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句2；.三個(gè)基本的關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞先行詞所指先行詞所指在句中所作成分在句中所作成分When When 時(shí)間時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)wherewhere地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)whywhy原因原因原因狀語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ)【特別提醒】 when, where既能引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句，也能引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，而why通常引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句。3；. That is the day when he got married. That is the time when all of us lived toget

2、her as a family. That is the factory where I used to work. That is the hospital where my son was born ten years ago. That is the reason why he was fired. 【用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系副詞填空用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系副詞填空】4；.表示原因的先行詞一般只有reason一個(gè)。 表示時(shí)間的先行詞除了time之外，還有：day, morning, afternoon, evening, night, week, month, year等； 表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞除了place之外，

3、還可以是desk, table, spot, room, house, school, street, town, country等。 【名師指津名師指津】 5；. Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day with my kids. 【2008山東高考】 A. who B. which C. whyD. when【典題例證典題例證】 6；. Ill give you my friends home address, I can be reached most evenings. （08北京卷） A. which B.

4、when C. whom D. where【典題例證典題例證】 7；. Some pre-school children go to a day care center, _ they learn simple games and songs. (07全國(guó)I) A. then B. there C. while D. where【典題例證典題例證】 8；.1.關(guān)系副詞使用的幾種變化關(guān)系副詞使用的幾種變化（1 1）關(guān)系副詞通常也可以用）關(guān)系副詞通常也可以用“that+that+介詞后置介詞后置”代替或省略；代替或省略； （2 2）在正式文體中，也可以使用）在正式文體中，也可以使用“介詞介詞+wh

5、ich+which”的結(jié)構(gòu)。的結(jié)構(gòu)。u That is the river where I used to swim. (關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞)u That is the river that I used to swim in. (that +介詞后置介詞后置)u That is the river I used to swim in. (省略省略)u That is the river in which I used to swim. (介詞介詞+which)【名師指津名師指津】 9；.2.2.【介詞介詞+which+which結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞選擇問(wèn)題結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞選擇問(wèn)題】 I still rem

6、ember the time when (at which) I first became a high school student. There are several areas in the city where (in which) you can buy clothes in fashion. 介詞與先行詞之間的搭配關(guān)系；介詞與先行詞之間的搭配關(guān)系；110；.（1）I saw the stamp of which my father was very proud. （2）Here is some money with which you can buy some books. 介詞

7、與從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的搭配關(guān)系。介詞與從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的搭配關(guān)系。211；.（3）There was nobody in the family to whom he could turn for help. (固定短語(yǔ)turn to sb. 向某人求助)（4）The play in which I played an important role was a great success. (to play a role in the play就不是固定短語(yǔ)。)12；.【典題例證典題例證】 Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a lon

8、g time. 【 2009陜西高考】 A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which【解析解析】選選C。先行詞是a subject，指物且關(guān)系詞在從句中做介詞的賓語(yǔ)；介詞前置，介詞與從句動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成搭配argue about sth?！舅悸伏c(diǎn)撥思路點(diǎn)撥】能夠幫助我們排除其他選項(xiàng)的是哪個(gè)介詞與argue搭配的問(wèn)題。因此，此類(lèi)高考題屬于定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)的邊緣考點(diǎn)，并不是定語(yǔ)從句的核心。13；.1. Its helpful to put children in a situation_ they can see themselves diffe

9、rently. 【2009福建高考】 A. that B. when C. which D. where【典題例證】抽象的先行詞帶來(lái)的關(guān)系副詞的選擇問(wèn)題抽象的先行詞帶來(lái)的關(guān)系副詞的選擇問(wèn)題 314；. I have reached a point in my life _ Iam supposed to make decisions of my own. 【2009浙江高考】 A. whichB. where C. how D. why15；. Life is like a long race_we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. 【20

10、09重慶高考】 A. why B. what C. that D. where16；.Shell never forget her stay there _ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. 【2009四川高考】A. that B. which C. where D. when17；.二、限定性定語(yǔ)從句和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句二、限定性定語(yǔ)從句和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句18；.【非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的由來(lái)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的由來(lái)】Tom is the only student who has been admitted to Harv

11、ard in my class. 湯姆是我們班唯一一個(gè)已經(jīng)被哈佛大學(xué)錄取的學(xué)生。The principal, who was seated on my right, delivered an exciting speech. 校長(zhǎng)發(fā)表了一個(gè)令人振奮的演講，當(dāng)時(shí)他就坐在我右邊。19；.【限定性與非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的意義區(qū)別限定性與非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的意義區(qū)別】The old man has two sons who serve in the army. 老人有兩個(gè)當(dāng)兵的兒子。The old man has two sons, who serve in the army. 老人有兩個(gè)兒子，都當(dāng)兵。20

12、；.非限定性定語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)可以像一個(gè)并列句，例如： He has a walk after dinner every evening, which is good for his health. = He has a walk after dinner every evening, and this is good for his health. He likes reading books, which I am delighted to hear. = He likes reading books and I am delighted to hear that. 21；.非限定性定語(yǔ)從句還可

13、以從意義上像一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句，表示原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步等。例如： The new engineer, who has read the instructions, failed in the project. 22；.【歸納總結(jié)歸納總結(jié)】限定性定語(yǔ)從句非限定性定語(yǔ)從句意義起限定作用，是主句不可缺少的成分起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用，省去后不影響主句的意思形式與先行詞間無(wú)逗號(hào)常用逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi)翻譯常譯成前置定語(yǔ)常譯成并列的分句23；.【非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞的問(wèn)題非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞的問(wèn)題】 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，除了關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why，其他定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞均可以引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。例如： Hi

14、s speech, which inspired everyone, was well received. A student, who was admitted to an ordinary university, was greatly disappointed. The cinema, whose roof was damaged in the storm, will be brought down. They will fly to New York next Friday, where they have planned to stay for a few weeks. You ca

15、n come next weekend, when the books will be ready for you. 24；. as和which在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的相同點(diǎn)和區(qū)別：(1)相同點(diǎn)：as和which都可以指代整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容。 The meeting was put off，which/as was exactly what we wanted. 這次會(huì)議延期了，這正是我們所希望的。as、which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句25；.(2)不同點(diǎn)：as引導(dǎo)的從句既可以位于主句前，也可位于主句后，主從句沒(méi)有前后邏輯關(guān)系，常表示“正如”；而which引導(dǎo)的從句只能位于主句后，主從句常有一

16、定的因果關(guān)系或前后順序，常表示“這一點(diǎn)”，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。 26；.Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝@就叫做蒸發(fā)。 As everyone knows，all that glitters is not gold. =All that glitters，as everyone knows，is not gold. =All that glitters is not gold， as everyone knows. 眾所周知，并不是所有發(fā)光的東西都是金子。27；.三、定

17、語(yǔ)從句使用的注意事項(xiàng)三、定語(yǔ)從句使用的注意事項(xiàng)28；.【1. 分析成分的能力和意識(shí)分析成分的能力和意識(shí)】Mr. Goodman has to be away on business on Feb. 8th, _ happens to be his wifes birthday. A. which B. when C. that D. on which Last Sunday, we visited the Lincoln Memorial,_,of course, was crowded with visitors from all over the world. A. which B. wh

18、ere C. that D. it (1)如果空白后面緊跟著動(dòng)詞的，明顯缺少的是主語(yǔ)。29；.(2) 及物動(dòng)詞后必然有賓語(yǔ)，即如果及物動(dòng)詞后面沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)，先行詞就是作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。The Science Museum, _ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of Londons tourist attractions. 【2008江蘇高考】 A. whichB. what C. that D. where30；.(3) 不及物動(dòng)詞后沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)，在不缺少主語(yǔ)的情況下，先行詞則通常作狀語(yǔ)等成分。- Is that the small t

19、own you often refer to?- Right, just the one _ you know I used to work for years.A. that B. which C. where D. what 31；.(4)介詞后面通常要跟賓語(yǔ)，如果介詞后面沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)，則先行詞通常作這個(gè)介詞的賓語(yǔ)。-Do you have anything to say for yourselves? -Yes，theres one point _ we must insist on Awhy Bwhere Chow D/32；.【并列連詞的陷阱并列連詞的陷阱】Tom has two bro

20、thers, both of whom love sports. Tom has two brothers and both of them love sports. 簡(jiǎn)單的并列連詞：and, but, so, or, yet 33；.【wayway意為意為“方式，方法方式，方法”，作先行詞時(shí)的關(guān)系詞的選擇問(wèn)題，作先行詞時(shí)的關(guān)系詞的選擇問(wèn)題】 （1）用）用“介詞介詞+which”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；例如：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；例如：I dont like the way in which you speak to your mother. （2）用）用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；例如：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；例如：I do

21、nt like the way that you speak to your mother. （3）省略關(guān)系詞；例如：）省略關(guān)系詞；例如：I dont like the way you speak to your mother. 34；.【介詞介詞+ +關(guān)系副詞的問(wèn)題關(guān)系副詞的問(wèn)題】Look over there! some people are standing on the top of the building, _ you can enjoy the view of the whole city. A. where B. from which C. where D. from where 35；.【介詞介詞+ +關(guān)系副詞的問(wèn)題關(guān)系副詞的問(wèn)題】1、Soon after getting off his horse, the captain appeared at the second storey windows, from where he could