2020年山東新高考英語模擬猜題專項匯編(5)閱讀理解(五)科教科普類

1、閱讀理解（五）科教科普類1、What exactly is intelligenee? There aren' t any easy answers. Despite the progress that has beenmade in gen etics and psychology, huma n in tellige nee has rema ined one of the most con troversial areas of modern scienee, until now, that is, for the discovery of a gene（ 基因）linked t

2、o intelligence has made the experts think aga in.Robert Plomin of the Institute of Psychiatry in London and his colleagues in the US have been look ing in to gen etic make-up. From their research, they have discovered that a slightly differe nt gene is more com mon in those with a high IQ. Plomin an

3、 alyzed DNA from two groups of 51 children aged between 6 and 15. What he found was that the first group had an IQ of 136, putting them in the top 5% of the population, while the other group had an average IQ of 103. An analysis of their genes showed that 32% of childre n in the higher group had the

4、 gene in questi on, while only 16% in the second group did. However, there is a lot more research to be done, and Plomin himself is cautious at this early stage. He suggests that there are probably many genes that con tribute to in tellige nce, rather tha n just one.Several studies have show n a str

5、ong link betwee n IQ and career success, although some psychologists rema in unconvinced about this. Professor Michael Rowe, who has writte n a book called Genius Expla in ed, is one of these.“ The people with the highest IQs are not usually the oneswho do best i n their careers.”Many psychologists

6、now believe that when it comes to intelligence, IQ isnrything. Many ' t evealter native views have bee n put forward recen tly. One example is the idea of multiple in tellige nces, which was developed in the 1980s by Harvard psychologist Howard Gardner. This offers a much broader view than the I

7、Q theory, including creativity and communication skills as releva nt factors（因素）in in tellige nce.Tony Buzan, brain expert and author of Master your Memory, is enthusiastic about this belief, arguing that true geni uses（天才）do in deed appear to comb ine high levels of each type of in tellige nce. He

8、lists Alexa nder the Great, Pablo Picasso and Albert Ein stein as examples. At the same time, Buza n believes that every on e can develop their in tellige nce, only if they take the trouble to exercise their brain. Perhaps there' s hope for us all!1. What is the topic of the passage?A. The relat

9、io nship betwee n genes and in tellige nee.B. IQ ben efits a lot from high in tellige nee.C. How to develop in tellige nee.D. What makes in tellige nee.2. Why does the author use data in Paragraph 2?A. To make a suggesti on.B.To draw a con elusi on.C.To prove an idea.D.To give an example.3. What can

10、 we lear n from the passage?A. Robert Plomin con firms genes have someth ing in eom mon.B. Howard Gardner thinks in tellige nee in eludes various faetors.C. Miehael Rowe approves of a strong link betwee n IQ and eareer.D. Tony Buza n agrees geni uses exereise brain to improve in tellige nee.4. What

11、does the underlined word“ This ” in Paragraph 4 refer to?A. The developme nt of in tellige nee.B.The idea of multiple in tellige nces.C.IQ isn ' tnytteing for intelligenee.D.Alternative views have been put forward.2、Your colleague ' s sharp eomment keeps replaying in your mind. Two of your s

12、tudents aretrapped in a “ he said/she said ” battle. When you reflect on your emoti onal react ions, you sometimes get caught up in cycles of n egative feeli ngs, which can make you feel eve n worse. If so, the answer may lie in a skill called-distancing" self , the ability to take a step back

13、and viewyourself more objectively. Accord ing to a research, whe n people adopt self-dista ncing while discuss ing a difficult event, they make better sense of their reacti ons, experie nee less emoti onal sufferi ng, and display fewer sig ns of stress.But what might self- distancing look like in ac

14、tion? Consider a typical“ he said/she said ” stu(con flict where they are each focus ing on their own feeli ngs. One is thinking,"I can't believdid that to me. ” And another insists,“ She really hurt my feelings.” However, if you ask thentake the self-distancing, they might step outside o f

15、 themselves and ask broader questions:“ Whywas he so hurt in this situatio n?” or “ How did her an ger affect him?”Although this approach may sound too simple to be effective, studies in dicate that a cha nge inpoint of view can have a powerful effect on the way people think, feel, and behave. Here

16、are several differe nt tech niq ues you can try.First, consider how a thoughtful friend might respond after quietly observing their situation.Besides, avoid using the pronoun“ I ” . Focus -persoingDtloinduns, he, she, they, andthey were able to see the stressful eve nt as challe nging rather tha n t

17、hreate ning. Fin ally, askyourself, “ How would I feel about this one week from now or ten years from now?” This formmen tal time travel may be effective because our atte ntio n is directed away from our immediate, con crete circumsta nces.1.What is self-dista ncing?A.Getti ng stuck in n egative emo

18、tio ns.B.A stressful situati on.C.A study on reliev ing emoti onal stress.D.Reflect ing on yourself objectively.2.Which of the follow ing stateme nt uses the tech niq ues of self-dista ncing?A.I'm angry with him.B.How did these two people get to this point?C.How I wish I could go back to the pas

19、t!D.He grabbed my no tes, and the n, and the n3.What is the best title for the passage?A.Why Self-dista ncing MattersB.The Disadva ntages of Self-dista nci ngC.Break ing the Cycle of Negative Reflect ionD.Ways to Reflect on Emoti onal React ions3、It is com mon for adults to use“ baby talk ” whe n in

20、 teract ing with babies. This way of speak ingattempts to imitate the sounds babies make when they first try to talk.But is this form of com muni catio n helpful to a child' s developme nt?Several studies have suggested a clear link betwee n pare ntal la nguage methods and a childIan guage devel

21、opme nt. Studies showed that Ian guage lear ning in babies was improved whe n parents spoke more than a few simple words and used a wider vocabulary. Earlier research found that the style of speech used by pare nts to com mun icate with their baby could have an in flue nee on Ian guage developme nt.

22、One such speak ing style is known as“ parentese ” .Research has shown that babies react better tothis kind of Ian guage in the first mon ths of life. Gen erally, pare ntese in volves adults speak ing in a higher voice and at a slower speed. The Ian guage is simplified, while sentences are short and

23、ofte n repeated. Studies from the past 30 years have con firmed that babies spoke n to in pare ntese developed larger vocabularies throughout the first three years of life.s In stitute for Lear ning &A new study on the subject, a project of the Uni versity of Washi ngtonBrain Scien ces, exam ine

24、d whether pare nts can be effectively taught methods to improve their pare ntese skills.Naj a Ferjan Ram rez.iworking in the Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, said that the parents in volved in the research were first show n the importa nee of Ian guage in put for their baby developme nt.

25、 Parents were the n give n suggestio ns on how to use differe nt pare ntese methods, and then rated on how well they used these methods with their child. She added that the new study is important because there are still a lot of parents with little knowledge about how to use parentese to help their

26、child.This was one reason the researchers included parents from different cultural and econo mic group in gs.1. How do pare nts usually talk with their babies?A. By speaking in a funny style.B.By copying babies ' sounds.C.By raising speaking speed.D.By whispering in babies' ears.2. What can

27、we lear n from the sec ond paragraph?A. Babies ' Ian guage Itekiare decided by tale nt.B. Babies ' Ianguage is improved by simple words.C. Parental Ianguage style helps improve babies' behavior.D. Parental Ianguage methods affect babies' Ianguage development.3. Where can you find how

28、 parents were trained in parentese skills?A. ln paragraph 2.B.ln paragraph 3.C.ln paragraph 4.D.ln paragraph 5.4. What can be the best title for the text?A. Com mun icati ng with babies matters moreB. Pare ntese is a good way to practice Ian guageC. The more pare nts help, the better babies lear nD.

29、 Speak ing pare ntese helps with babies' Ian guage lear ning's KTH4、 Wood has many great characteristics that make it the perfect building material. It is cheap, durable（耐用的）,easily available, and most importa ntly, environmen tally susta in able. The one thing it is not, is transparent（透明的）

30、.Now thanks to a team of scientists at Stockholm Royal In stitute of Tech no logy, the material may even be able to add that feature to its already impressive list.Lead researcher Dr. Lars Berg lund said he was in spired to create the tran spare nt wood afterlearning how Japa nese researchers had de

31、veloped a see-through paper for use in flexible display scree ns for electro nic devices. The team bega n by pulli ng out the wood木質素）.The ' s lig nin（lignin-free wood was then dipped into a polymer（ 聚合物）and baked at a temperature of 158F for four hours. The result was a hybrid product that was

32、not only stronger and lighter than the original wood but also, almost tran spare nt. The researchers were able to adjust the level of tran spare ncy by vary ing the amount of the polymer injected and also by cha nging the thick ness of the wood.While scie ntists have previously created a see-through

33、 wood for small-scale applicatio ns like computer chips, the tran spare nt wood is the first one being con sidered for large scale applicati ons. The researchers, who revealed their findings in Biomacromolecules on April 11, picture using the tran spare nt wood in buildi ngs to allow for more n atur

34、al light, or to create win dows that let in the desired amount of light without sacrifici ng privacy.Wood that allows light to pass through could lead to a brighter future for homes and buildi ngs.Berglund also thi nks the wood could play a sig ni fica nt role in the desig n of solar pan els. The se

35、mi-tra nspare nt material would be able to keep light Ion ger and give it more time to in teract with the con ductor, thus result ing in better solar efficie ncy. Additi on ally, substitut ing the curre ntly used glass with this new product would help solar en ergy manufacturers improve their carb o

36、n footpri nt and lower the cost. They are now experime nting with ways to scale up the manu facturi ng process so that the tran spare nt material is cost-effective to make and easy to use.1. What does the un derl ined part "that feature "in Paragraph 1 refer to?A. Cheap ness.B.Durability.C

37、.Sustai nability.D.Tra nspare ncy.2. Which of the followi ng is not the process in which the tran spare nt wood is made?A.Dip the wood into a polymer.B.Reduce the amount of the polymer.C.Make the wood lig nin -free.D.Bake the wood for some time.3. What ' s the purpose of using the tran spare nt

38、wood in buildi ngs?A.To protect privacy.B.To scale out applicati ons.C.To get more n atural light.D.To observe more clearly.4. What is the last paragraph mainly about?'carb on footpri nt.A.The bright future of the tran spare nt wood.B.The wood ' s role in the desig n of solar pan els.C.The d

39、isadvantages of the currently used glass. D.Solar energy manufacturers5、It ' s com mon kno wledge that the woma n ibeon ardo da Vinci ' s most famous pain ti ng seems tolook back at observers, following them with her eyes no matter where they stand in the room. But this com mon kno wledge tu

40、r ns out wrong.A new study finds that the woman in the painting is actually looking out at an angle thatdegrees off to the observer htwes cigtside of the range that people no rmally believe whe nthey thi nk some one is look ing right at them. In other words, said the study author, Horstma nn,“ She&#

41、39; s no t look ing at you.” This is somewhat ironic, because the en tire phe nomenon of a pers ongaze （凝視）in a photograph or painting seeming to follow the viewer is called the“ Mona Liseffect ” . That effect is absolutely real, Horstma nn said. If a pers on is illustrated or photographedlooking st

42、raight ahead, even people viewing the portrait from an angle will feel they are beinglooked at. As long as the angle of the person' s gaze is no more than about 5 degrees off to eitherside, the Mona Lisa effect occurs.This is importa nt for huma n in teract ion with on-scree n characters. If you

43、 want some one off to theright side of a room to feel that a person on- screen is looking at him or her, you don' t cut the gazeof the character to that side surpris in gly, doing so would make an observer feel like the characterisn ' t looking at anyone in the room at all. Istead, you keep

44、the gaze straight ahead.Horstmann and his co-author were studying this effect for its application in the creationof artificial-intelligenee avatars（ 虛擬頭像 ）when Horstmann took a long look at the“ Mona Lisa ”and realized she wasn' t lotdtiiiinci aTo make sure it wasn' t just him, the researche

45、rs asked 24 people to view images of the'Lisa ” on a computer screen. They set a ruler between the viewer and the screen and asked the participa nts to n ote which nu mber on the ruler in tersected Mona Lisa ' s gaze. To calculate the angle of Mona Lisa ' s gaze as she looked at the view

46、er, they moved the ruler farther from or closer to the screen during the study. Consistently, the researchers found, participants judged that the woman in the “ Mona Lisa tr”it wars not looking straight at them, but slightly off to their right.So why do people repeat the belief that her eyes seem to

47、 follow the viewer? Horstma nn isnIt ' s possible, he said, that people have the desire to be looked at, so they thinketiwoman islooking straight at them. Or maybe the people who first coined the term“ Mona Lisa effect thought it was a cool n ame.A.attracts the viewers to look backMona Lisa 1t i

48、s gen erally believed that the woma n in the pain ti ngB. seems mysterious because of her eyesC. fixes her eyes on the back of the viewersD. lo oks at the viewers wherever they sta nd2. What gaze range in a painting will cause the Mona Lisa effect?Iih«i,D.3. The experime nt in volvi ng 24 peopl

49、e was con ducted to.A. confirm Horstmann' s beliefB.create artificial-intelligenee avatarsC.calculate the angle of Mona Lisa' sDaxplain how the Mona Lisa effect can beapplied4. What can we lear n from the passage?A. Horstmann thinks it' s cool to cternthe “ Mona Lisa effect ”.B. The Mona

50、 Lisa effect con tributes to the creatio n of artificial in tellige nee.C. Feeling being gazed at by Mona Lisa may be caused by the desire for attention.D. The positi on of the ruler in the experime nt will in flue nee the viewe rs ' judgeme nt.6、A robot created by Washington State University (W

51、SU) scientists could help elderly people with dementia and other limitations live independently in their own homes. The Robot Activity Support System, or RAS, uses sensors （ 傳感器）equipped in a WSU smart home to determ ine where its reside nts are, what they are doing and whe n they n eed assista nee

52、with daily activities. It navigates （ 定位）through rooms and around obstacles to find people on its own, provides video instructions on how to do simple tasks and can even lead its owners to objects like their medicatio n or a sn ack in the kitche n.“ RAS comb ines the convenience of a mobile robot wi

53、th the activity detect ion tech no logy of aWSU smart home to provide assistanee in the moment, as the need for h elp is detected, ” said Bryan Minor, a postdoctoral researcher in the WSU School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Scie nee.Curren tly, about 50 per cent adults over the age of 85 n

54、 eed assista nee with everyday activities such as preparing meals and taking medication and the annual cost for this assistance in the US is nearly $2 trillion. With the number of adults over 85 expected to triple by 2050, researchers hope that tech no logies like RAS and the WSU smart home will rel

55、ieve some of the finan cial pressure on the healthcare system by making it easier for older adults to live alone.RAS is the first robot researchers have tried to apply to their smart home environment. They recen tly published a study in the journal Cogn itive Systems Research that shows how RAS coul

56、d make life easier for older adults struggli ng to live in depe nden tly.perform“ While we are still in an early stage of developme nt, our in itial results with RAS have bee n promis ing, ” Minor said. “ The n ext step in the research will be to test RASa nce with a group of older adults to get a b

57、etter idea of what video remin ders and other prefere nces they have regard ing the robot.”I. What plays a key role in RAS servi ng the elderly?A. Se nsors.B.Videos.2. What ca n we lear n about RAS?A.It is the first robot used in daily life.C.lt can locate people and do any task.3. What ' s Mino

58、rC. Sig nal lights.D.Mobile robots.B. lts function rema ins to be tested.D. lt can cook for owners on its own.s attitude toward the future of RAS?A.Doubtful.B. Negative.C. Optimistic.D. U ncerta in.A.Elderly People Leave the Nursing Home.B.Smart Home Tests First Elder Care Robot.4. What would be a s

59、uitable title for the text?C. RAS, the First Robot to Make Home Smart. D.OIder Adults Have Ben efited from RAS a Lot.7、For the first time ever scie ntists prepare to set about a 3-yearl ong project, the Nekt on Mission, to explore the Indian Ocean and document changes taking place beneath the waves that could affect the surro unding regi on over the coming