選修6必修5 知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總 互動(dòng)

1、Unit6Warming-up issue問題truly 真正地adv.someone (who is healthy both in body and mind). 身心都健康的(某個(gè))人Reading1. L2 It指代 今天，天氣 2. L3 It seems amazing that. it做 形式主語, 代替that后從句 3. L4 fit enough to do sth. 足夠地健康來/去做某事4. L4 It指代 日期 5. L4 in two weeks time: 在兩周的時(shí)間后 6. L5 must be due to.： 一定是因?yàn)?7. L7 some time：一

2、段時(shí)間8. L7 finding it difficult to do sth.： 發(fā)現(xiàn)做sth.是困難的。it做形式賓語9. L8 how easy it is to do sth.: 去做sth.是多么的簡(jiǎn)單。It做形式主語10. L10 By the way順便提一下11. L12 become accustomed to doing sth. 變得習(xí)慣于做sth.= be used to doing12. L13 remember doing sth. 記得做過sth. 13. L14 over and over again: 反復(fù)地14. L16 after doing sth. 在

3、做sth.以后15. L18 it was difficult to quit.：放棄/停止是困難的。It做形式主語16. L18 manage to do sth.成功滴做到sth.17. L20 do damage/harm to sth 對(duì)sth造成損害18. L20 it was more difficult to do sth. It做形式主語19. L22 In some way: 在某方面20. L22 Neither也不21. L23 What I did know was that.我確實(shí)/的確知道的是22. L25 unless 除非23. L27 Be taken off

4、被從*拿下(開除) take off 脫掉，起飛24. L27 It was time to do sth. 是做sth的時(shí)候了。 It指代時(shí)間25. L30 I do hope so. 我確實(shí)/的確希望如此。26. L30 A as .原級(jí). as B： A如B一樣地P19 1. L1 It is not easy to do sth. 做sth.是不容易的。 It做形式主語2. L1 Here are. 這兒有 Suggestion是可數(shù)名詞，advice不可數(shù)3. L4 such as譬如4. L6 feel like doing sth.感覺想做sth. 5. L8 instead o

5、f doing sth. 代替做某事。6. L9 in fact 事實(shí)上 do anything to keep. busy 做任何事情來保持忙碌7. L10 especially尤其是8. L13 arrange to do sth. 安排去做某事9. L16 keep doing sth. (堅(jiān)持)一直繼續(xù)做sth.10. L18 eventually=finally最終Key sentences:1. It seems amazing (that) (at my age) I am still fit enough (to cycle 20 kilometres) (in an afte

6、rnoon).在我這樣的年齡，仍然足夠地健康來在一下午騎20千米，這似乎是令人驚奇的。2. Its my birthday (in two weeks time) and Ill be 82 years old. 在兩周后是我的生日，我將82歲了。3. I think (my long and active life must be due to the healthy life) (I live). 我認(rèn)為我的活躍的長(zhǎng)壽的生命一定是因?yàn)槲疫^的健康的生活。4. You are finding it difficult (to give it up). 你正發(fā)現(xiàn)放棄吸煙是困難的。5. It wa

7、s very difficult (to quit). 停止是很困難的。6. (What I did know) was (that my girlfriend thought) (I smelt terrible). 我的確知道的是我的女友認(rèn)為我聞起來很糟糕。 7. (When I was taken) (off the school football team) (because I was unfit), I knew (it was time) (to quit smoking). 當(dāng)因?yàn)槲也唤】刀恍Ｗ闱蜿?duì)除名的時(shí)候，我知道是時(shí)候戒煙了。 8. In fact, (it is the

8、 mental addiction rather than而非 the physical effects that) makes it hard (to quit smoking). 事實(shí)上，正是精神上的上癮而非是身體上的影響使得戒煙很難。9. Here are some things (you can do) (to make sure) (you stay safe). 這有一些你可以做的來確保你保持安全的事情。10. You can tell (by looking) (at someone) (whether or not) they have HIV. 你可以通過觀看某些人來分辨出(

9、tell) 是否他們有HIV.11. Many people (carrying HIV) look perfectly healthy.：許多攜帶HIV的人們看起來非常健康。carrying現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語 語法：It用法小結(jié)：. It做形式主語(放句首) 公式1：It is/was/seems +adj.形容詞/(for/of sb.對(duì)于sb.來說) to do sth. E.g. It is difficult for me to give up smoking.戒煙對(duì)我來說是很難的。 公式2：It is/was/seems adj.形容詞或p.p.過去分詞+that+句子 E.g.

10、It is disappointed that he refused my invitation.他拒絕我的邀請(qǐng)是很令人失望的。 公式3：It is/was或There is no good/use doing sth. 做某事是沒用的 E.g. It is no good/use crying over split milk. 覆水難收. It做形式賓語(放在句中) 公式1: sb. find/think/feel it +adj./n. to do sth./doing sth. E.g. I feel it amazing to have a cigarette/smoke after

11、a meal.飯后一根煙賽過活神仙。. It放句首還可以指時(shí)間、天氣、日期、溫度、距離、環(huán)境、價(jià)格、心目中的 人/物、不明性別的人. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句：It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that(當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人時(shí)，可用who)+句子。 I met some ghosts in the WC last night. 我昨晚在廁所里遇到了一些鬼。 1 2 3 4對(duì)1強(qiáng)調(diào)：It is/was I that/who met some ghosts in the WC last night.正是我昨晚廁所里遇到一些鬼了對(duì)2強(qiáng)調(diào)：It is/was some ghosts that/who I met in th

12、e WC last night.正是一些鬼我昨晚廁所里遇到了對(duì)3強(qiáng)調(diào)：It is/was in the WC that I met some ghosts last night.正是在廁所里我昨晚遇到那一些鬼對(duì)4強(qiáng)調(diào)：It was last night that I met some ghosts in the WC.正是在昨晚我在廁所里遇到一些鬼P20 第二題cigarettes; alcohol; effects; adolescents; tough; stress; due to; addicted to; mental; quit; unfit; withdrawal; 如何斷句：介

13、詞短語：(介詞+名詞)即:(介詞at, in, on, by, up, to, of, off, for, with, into, like, from, about, after, across表穿、橫過, against對(duì)著, below在*以下, before在*前, beyond超出, beside在*旁, except除了*外都, toward朝, through通過, without沒有. +名詞)。從句：從句=引導(dǎo)詞+謂語動(dòng)詞(陳述語序) 即：(when, where, why, how, who, whom, whose, which, what, that, if是否如果,

14、whether是否, because, so, after, before, until, unless除非.+謂語動(dòng)詞+.) 注意：一個(gè)蘿卜一個(gè)坑，一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞一個(gè)分句！劃到第二個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞前 非謂語動(dòng)詞：即：1. (to do sth.動(dòng)詞不定式：將要/去做) 2. (doing現(xiàn)在分詞：主動(dòng)，進(jìn)行) 3. (done過去分詞：被動(dòng)，完成) 主謂之間斷句，但是不用括號(hào)。Reading and discussing(Before you read the poster) (below), discuss (what you know) (about HIV/AIDS) (with your c

15、lassmates). Make a list (of words) (that you might come across) (in this poster).HIV/AIDS:ARE YOU AT RISK? HIV is a virus. A virus is a very small living thing (that causes disease). There are many different viruses, for example, the flu virus or the SARS virus. HIV weakens a person's immune sys

16、tem; that is, the part (of the body) (that fights disease). You can have HIV (in your blood) (for a long time), but eventually HIV will damage your immune system (so much that you body can no longer fight disease). This stage (of the illness) is called AIDS. (If you develop AIDS), your chances (of s

17、urvival) are very small. HIV is spread (through blood or the fluid) (that the body makes during sex). For a person (to become infected), blood or sexual fluid (that carries the virus), has to get (inside the body) (through broken skin or by injection). One day scientists will find a cure (for HIV/AI

18、DS). (Until that happens), you need (to protect yourself). Here are some things (you can do) (to make sure) (you stay safe).(If you inject drugs):l do not share your needle (with anyone else). Blood (from another person) can stay (on or in the needle). (If a person has HIV and you use the same needl

19、e), you could inject the virus (into your own blood).l do not share anything else (that a person has used) (while injecting drugs).Blood could have spilt (on it).(If you have sex) (with a male or a female):l use a condom. This will prevent sexual fluid (passing) (from one person to another). The fol

20、lowing statements are NOT true.l A person cannot get HIV (the first time they have sex).WRONG. (If one sexual partner has HIV), the other partner could become infected.l You can tell (by looking) (at someone) (whether or not they have HIV). WRONG. Many people (carrying HIV) look perfectly healthy. I

21、t is (only when the disease has progressed) (to AIDS) (that a person begins to look sick).l Only homosexuals get AIDS.WRONG. Anyone (who has sex) (with a person) (infected) (with H1V/AIDS) risks getting the virus. Women are slightly more likely to become infected than men.l (If you hug, touch or kis

22、s someone) (with AIDS) (or visit them) (in their home), you will get HIV/AIDS. WRONG. You can only get the disease (from blood or sexual fluid). Unfortunately, people (with HIV) sometimes lose their friends (because of prejudice). Many people are afraid (that they will get HIV/AIDS) (from those) (in

23、fected) (with HIV AIDS). (For the same reason), some AIDS patients cannot find anyone (to look after them) (when they are sick).l You can get HIV/AIDS (from mosquitoes).WRONG. There is no evidence (of this).1. L3 that is: 2. L4 so much that.: 3. L5 is called: 4. L10句： Here are some things you can do

24、 to make sure you stay safe. 5. L19 prevent A (from) doing B: 6. L19 from one * to another: 7. L23 翻譯：You can tell by looking at someone whether or not they have HIV.: _8. L23-24 翻譯：Many people (carrying HIV) look perfectly healthy.：許多 看起來非常健康。carrying現(xiàn)在分詞作 語。9. L31 because of+名詞、代詞: 因?yàn)?1. L3 that i

25、s: 也就是說2. L4 so much that.: 如此地多以至于3. L5 is called: 被稱作4. L10句： Here are some things (you can do) (to make sure) (you stay safe). 這有一些你可以做的來確保你保持安全的事情。5. L19 prevent A (from) doing B: 阻止A做B6. L19 from one * to another: 從一個(gè)*到另一個(gè)7. L23 翻譯：You can tell by looking at someone whether or not they have HIV

26、.:你可以通過觀看某些人來分辨出(tell) 是否他們有HIV._8. L23-24 翻譯：Many people (carrying HIV) look perfectly healthy.：許多攜帶HIV的人們看起來非常健康。carrying現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語。10. L31 because of+名詞、代詞: 因?yàn)?選修6 Unit 4 Global Warming Warming-up1. depend on=rely/count on依靠2. What .for?= why.?3. as.副詞原級(jí).as one can：盡某人所能地*4. run out= be used up: 用

27、盡，枯竭Pre-reading1. is made of.由*制成的2. be used for doing sth.= be used to do sht.：被用來做某事3. keep A from doing B: =stop/ prevent A form doing B：阻止A不做B4.THE EARTH IS BECOMING WARMER-BUT DOES IT MATTER? (During the 20th century) the temperature (of the earth) rose (about one degree Fahrenheit). That proba

28、bly does not seem much (to you or me), but it is a rapid increase (when compared) (to other natural changes). So how has this come about and does it matter? Earth Cares Sophie Armstrong explores these questions. There is no doubt (that the earth is becoming warmer (see Graph 1) and (that it is human

29、 activity that has caused this global warming) (rather than a random) (but natural phenomenon). All scientists subscribe (to the view) (that the increase) (in the earth's temperature) is due (to the burning of fossil fuels) (like coal, natural gas and oil) (to produce energy). Some byproducts (o

30、f this process) are called "greenhouse" gases, the most important one (of which) is carbon dioxide. Dr Janice Foster explains: "There is a natural phenomenon (that scientists call the 'greenhouse effect'). This is (when small amounts) (of gases) (in the atmosphere), (like carb

31、on dioxide, methane and water vapour, trap heat from the sun) and (therefore warm the earth). (Without the 'greenhouse effect'), the earth would be (about thirty-three degrees Celsius) cooler (than it is). So, we need those gases. The problem begins (when we add huge quantities) (of extra ca

32、rbon dioxide) (into the atmosphere). It means (that more heat energy tends) (to be trapped) (in the atmosphere) (causing the global temperature) (to go up)." We know (that the levels) (of carbon dioxide) have increased greatly (over the last 100 to 150 years). It was a scientist (called Charles

33、 Keeling), (who made accurate measurements) (of the amount) (of carbon dioxide) (in the atmosphere) (from 1957 to 1997). He found (that) (between these years) the carbon dioxide (in the atmosphere) went up (from around 315 parts) (to around 370 parts) per million (see Graph 2).All scientists accept

34、this data. They also agree (that it is the burning) (of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted) (in this increase) (in carbon dioxide). So how high will the temperature increase go? Dr. Janice Foster says (that) (over the next 100 years) the amount (of warming) could be (as low as 1 to 1.5 deg

35、rees Celsius), but it could be (as high as 5 degrees).However, the attitude (of scientists) (towards this rise) is completely different. (On the one hand), Dr Foster thinks (that) the trend (which increases the temperature) (by 5 degrees) would be a catastrophe. She says, "We can't predict

36、the climate well enough (to know) (what to expect), but it could be very serious." Others (who agree) (with her) think there may be a rise (of several metres) (in the sea level), or predict severe storms, floods, droughts, famines, the spread (of diseases and the disappearance) (of species). (O

37、n the other hand), there are those, (like George Hambley), (who are opposed) (to this view), believe (that we should not worry) (about high levels) (of carbon dioxide) (in the air). They predict (that any warming will be mild) (with few bad environmental consequences). In fact, Hambley states, "

38、;More carbon dioxide is actually a positive thing. It will make plants grow quicker; crops will produce more; it will encourage a greater range (of animals) - all (of which will make life) (for human beings) better." Greenhouse gases continue (to build up) (in the atmosphere). (Even if we start

39、) (reducing the amount) (of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases), the climate is going (to keep) (on warming) (for decades or centuries). No one knows the effects (of global warming). Does that mean (we should do nothing)? Or, are the risks too great?1. L2 when compared to .當(dāng)被和*比較時(shí). When+過去分詞：

40、 當(dāng)被*時(shí).2. L6-7左 it is human activity that has caused this.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句): 正是人類的行為導(dǎo)致了這.3. L7-8左 rather than A but B. 不是A而是B.4. L29左 without+名詞/代詞，sb./sth would. (虛擬)：若沒有*，sb./sth將*5. L33左 quantities of. 大量的6. L36左 go up: 上升7. L6右 over/in the last/past 100 to 150 years. 在過去的100到150年里，注意前用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：即主語+have/has +V.過

41、去分詞8. L重點(diǎn)句子：1. There is no doubt (that the earth is becoming warmer (see Graph 1) and (that it is human activity that has caused this global warming) (rather than a random) (but natural phenomenon)2. (Without the 'greenhouse effect'), the earth would be (about thirty-three degrees Celsius) c

42、ooler (than it is).3. 發(fā)給4. Gh WHAT CAN WE DO ABOUT GLOBAL WARMING?Dear Earth Care,I am doing a project (on behalf) (of my school) (about global warming). Sometimes I feel (that individuals can have little effect) (on such huge environmental problems). However, I still think (people should advocate i

43、mprovements) (in the way) (we use energy today). (As I'm not sure where to start with my project), I would appreciate any suggestions (you may have).Thank you!Ouyang GuangDear Ouyang Guang,There are many people (who have a commitment) (like yours), but they do not believe (they have the power) (

44、to do anything) (to improve our environment). That is not true. Together, individuals can make a difference. We do not have to put up (with pollution).The growth (of the greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide) (in the air actually) comes (as a result) (of many things) (we do every day). Here are a few sugge

45、stions (on) (how to reduce it). They should get you started (with your project).1 We use a lot (of energy) (in our houses). It is OK (to leave an electrical appliance) (on) (so long as you are using it) - if not, turn it off! Do not be casual (about this). So (if you are not using the lights, the TV

46、, the computer, and so on), turn them off. (If you are cold), put on more clothes (instead of turning up the heat).2 Motor vehicles use a lot of energy- so walk or ride a bike if you can.3 Recycle cans, bottles, plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to. It takes a lot of energy to m

47、ake things from new materials, so, if you can, buy things made from recycled materials.4 Get your parents to buy things that are economical with energy - this includes cars as well as smaller things like fridges and microwaves.5 Plant trees in your garden or your school yard, as they absorb carbon d

48、ioxide from the air and refresh your spirit when you look at them.6 Finally and most importantly, be an educator. Talk with your family and friends about global warming and tell them what you have learned.Remember - your contribution counts!Earth Care必修5 Unit1 Great scientists Warming up1. find out:

49、 L2 2. a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment. Chart 23. pass from Chart 4Pre-reading1. set out Q1Reading:1. so that L1 2. think about doing sth. L33. neither A nor B L4&5 Neither they nor I thin.4. many thousands of L5 5. He knew that cholera would never be contro

50、lled until its cause was found. L7&8 翻譯：6. He because interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. L9&10翻譯：7. The Second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. L12&13翻譯：8. He was determined to find out why. L18&

51、;19翻譯：9. First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived. L20翻譯：10. They has been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. L25翻譯：11. It seemed that the water was to blame. L25&26 翻譯：12. look into L27&28 13. He found that it came from the riv

52、er polluted by the dirty water from London. L293031翻譯： 14. so that it could not be used L35&36翻譯：15. was spread L38&3916. he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. 17. L41&42翻譯：18. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, like

53、d the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. L42-43翻譯：19. have/ get/ make sb. done(過去分詞)：20. die of+內(nèi)因 L4421. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the germs. L44-45翻譯：22. be able to=_; with certainty

54、: _23. To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. L46-47翻譯：24. prevent/ stop sb./sth. from doing sth:_25. suggest建議用法：suggest that sb./sth. (should) +V.原(do) sth. suggest doing sth. suggest sb. to do sth.26. The water companies we

55、re instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. L47-48翻譯：27. was defeated: .Unit1 Great scientists Warming up1. find out: L2 發(fā)現(xiàn)，查明，弄清楚2. a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment. Chart 2 一本解釋當(dāng)環(huán)境改變時(shí)動(dòng)植物如何發(fā)展演變的書。3. pass from Chart 4 從。傳遞Pre-reading1. set out

56、Q1 陳述，出發(fā)Reading:1. so that L1 如此地以至于2. think about doing sth. L3 考慮做某事3. neither A nor B L4&5 a和b都不4. Neither they nor I am thin.5. many thousands of L5 成千上萬6. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found. L7&8 翻譯：他知道霍亂將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)被控制，直到它的原因被發(fā)現(xiàn)。7. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. L9&10翻譯：他對(duì)兩種可能解釋霍亂是怎么殺死人的理論而產(chǎn)生了興趣。8. The seco