現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)語法講解

1、語法：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)語法：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1. 1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成2. 2.一般疑問句及否定句結(jié)構(gòu)一般疑問句及否定句結(jié)構(gòu)3. 3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法4. 4.時(shí)間狀語時(shí)間狀語1. 1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：結(jié)構(gòu)：主語結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+have/has+have/has+過去分詞過去分詞 助動(dòng)詞：助動(dòng)詞：have/has have/has （已經(jīng)（已經(jīng). .） 過去分詞：過去分詞： 1. 1.規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞： 過去分詞和過去時(shí)一樣過去分詞和過去時(shí)一樣 2. 2.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：過去分詞需要記憶過去分詞需要記憶練習(xí)一：練習(xí)一： 過去分詞過去分詞talk i

2、mprovetalk improvelike brushlike brushstudy pickstudy pickstop walkstop walkclimb listenclimb listenplay visitplay visitprepare danceprepare danceopen turnopen turndo get go leavedo get go leavecut learn drawcut learn drawbuy think drivebuy think drivefind lose readfind lose readput make haveput mak

3、e haveride bring sendride bring sendswim win holdswim win holdfly eat feelfly eat feel2. 2.一般疑問句及否定句的變化：一般疑問句及否定句的變化：結(jié)構(gòu)：主語結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+have/has+have/has+過去分詞過去分詞 1)1)一般疑問句：一般疑問句：have/has +have/has +主語主語+ +過去分詞？過去分詞？ 肯定回答：肯定回答：yes,yes,主語主語 have/has.have/has. 否定回答：否定回答：no,no,主語主語have/has not.have/has not. ha

4、ve not =havent has not= hasnt have not =havent has not= hasnt2)2)否定句結(jié)構(gòu)：否定句結(jié)構(gòu)： 主語主語+have/has not+have/has not+過去分詞過去分詞練習(xí)二：練習(xí)二： 變疑問變疑問, , 變否定變否定1.i have learned english for 3 years.1.i have learned english for 3 years.2.they have left.2.they have left.3.alice has finished doing her homework.3.alice ha

5、s finished doing her homework.4.tom and jack have had dinner together.4.tom and jack have had dinner together.5.sam has won the basketball game.5.sam has won the basketball game.6.my brother has seen the movie.6.my brother has seen the movie.b. b.表示從過去一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在表示從過去一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在3. 3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法：pastpa

6、stpresent(now)present(now)a.a.過去某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響過去某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響i have brushed my teeth.i have brushed my teeth.i have not read the book.i have not read the book.i have lost my key.i have lost my key.someone has broken the window.someone has broken the window.i have played the guitar for 15 minutes.i have pla

7、yed the guitar for 15 minutes.she has run for 2 hours.she has run for 2 hours.we have learned to write in english since we have learned to write in english since 3 oclock.3 oclock.have you stay in beijing since i met you?have you stay in beijing since i met you?4. 4.時(shí)間狀語：時(shí)間狀語： 多用于句末：多用于句末： since+sin

8、ce+時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)間點(diǎn) ： since 3since 3：00pm 00pm since+ since+句子：句子： since you left / since she came since you left / since she came （ since+since+過去時(shí)過去時(shí)) ) for+ for+時(shí)間段：時(shí)間段： for 3 years for 3 years 、for 25 hoursfor 25 hoursbefore before 以前以前 in the past 2 days in recent yearsin the past 2 days in recent years近

9、幾年近幾年recentlyrecently最近最近 lately lately最近最近 so far /by now so far /by now 目前目前 once(once(次數(shù)次數(shù)) )yetyet還沒（用于否定句疑問句）還沒（用于否定句疑問句）-多用于句中：多用于句中： already already 已經(jīng)（用于肯定句）已經(jīng)（用于肯定句） just just 剛剛剛剛 ever ever 曾經(jīng)曾經(jīng) nevernever從不從不練習(xí)三：練習(xí)三： since for since for 填空填空1.jill has been in 1.jill has been in america_ m

10、onday.america_ monday.2.jill has been in america_three days.2.jill has been in america_three days.3.my aunt has lived in australia_ 15 days.3.my aunt has lived in australia_ 15 days.4.margaret is in her office.4.margaret is in her office. she has been there _ 7 oclock. she has been there _ 7 oclock.

11、5.india has been an indendent country_ 1974.5.india has been an indendent country_ 1974.sincesinceforforforforsincesincesincesince練習(xí)三：練習(xí)三： since for since for 填空填空6.the bus is late.weve waited_ 20 minutes.6.the bus is late.weve waited_ 20 minutes.7.nobody lives in those houses.they have been 7.nobod

12、y lives in those houses.they have been empty_ many yeasrs.empty_ many yeasrs.8.mike has been ill_ a long time.8.mike has been ill_ a long time.9.he has been in hospital_october.9.he has been in hospital_october.forforforforforforsincesince練習(xí)四：練習(xí)四： 造句練習(xí)造句練習(xí)1.alice 1.alice 已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)英語已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)英語 長達(dá)三年了。長達(dá)三年了。2.t

13、om2.tom曾經(jīng)在北京學(xué)習(xí)過。曾經(jīng)在北京學(xué)習(xí)過。3. 3.我還沒有讀過一本叫做老人與海的書我還沒有讀過一本叫做老人與海的書4. 4.從他離開上海時(shí)，他已經(jīng)是老師了。從他離開上海時(shí)，他已經(jīng)是老師了。5. 5.我的姐姐之前從來沒有拜訪過上海。我的姐姐之前從來沒有拜訪過上海。alice has learnt english for 3 years.alice has learnt english for 3 years.tom has ever studied in beijing.tom has ever studied in beijing.i have not read a book cal

14、led old man and the sea yet.i have not read a book called old man and the sea yet.he has been a teacher since he left shanghai.he has been a teacher since he left shanghai.my sister has never visited shanghai before.my sister has never visited shanghai before.一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的差別一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的差別一般過去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是過去的

15、動(dòng)作，動(dòng)作已經(jīng)一般過去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是過去的動(dòng)作，動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束，結(jié)束，和現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系。和現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，或過去的是現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，或過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。動(dòng)作可能還未結(jié)束。動(dòng)作可能還未結(jié)束?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中需注意的地方：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中需注意的地方：注意注意1 1：句子中有明顯的過去時(shí)間標(biāo)志時(shí)，不句子中有明顯的過去時(shí)間標(biāo)志時(shí)，不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)錯(cuò)誤：錯(cuò)誤： she has read the book she has read the book last nightlast night. .正確：正確： she read the book

16、 she read the book last nightlast night. .注意注意2 2：非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)的肯定式不能與非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)的肯定式不能與時(shí)間段連用，若要用時(shí)間段狀語，則應(yīng)換成相時(shí)間段連用，若要用時(shí)間段狀語，則應(yīng)換成相應(yīng)的持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞。應(yīng)的持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞。 例如：例如：he has left. he has left. he has he has been awaybeen away for an hour.for an hour. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中短暫動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)化：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中短暫動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)化： come/arrive/get/re

17、ach/move - be in/at come/arrive/get/reach/move - be in/at leave-be away borrow-keep/haveleave-be away borrow-keep/havestart/begin-be on join/take part in-be instart/begin-be on join/take part in-be indie-be dead fall asleep-be asleep die-be dead fall asleep-be asleep close-be closed put on -wear clo

18、se-be closed put on -wear open(v)open(v)-be -be open(adj) open(adj) become-be become-be have been to have been to 與與 have gone tohave gone tohave been tohave been to表示曾經(jīng)去過某地，現(xiàn)在人已經(jīng)回來。表示曾經(jīng)去過某地，現(xiàn)在人已經(jīng)回來。lily has been to shanghai twice.(lilylily has been to shanghai twice.(lily現(xiàn)在在家現(xiàn)在在家) )have gone tohave

19、 gone to表示去了某地，人還在某地沒有回來。表示去了某地，人還在某地沒有回來。lily has gone to shanghai.(lilylily has gone to shanghai.(lily現(xiàn)在人在上?！，F(xiàn)在人在上海。) )一、一、 單項(xiàng)選擇。單項(xiàng)選擇。1 1、both his parents look sad . both his parents look sad . maybe they _what happened to him .maybe they _what happened to him . knew . knew . have known . have kno

20、wn . must know . must know .will know.will know2 2、he has _ been to shanghai , has he ?he has _ been to shanghai , has he ?. already . already .never .never .ever .ever . . s stilltill3 3、have you met mr li _have you met mr li _？. just . just . ago . ago .before .before . a moment ago. a moment ago4

21、 4、the famous writer _ one new book in the past two the famous writer _ one new book in the past two years .years . is writing . is writing .was writing .was writing .wrote .wrote .has written.has written5 5、our country _ a lot so far .our country _ a lot so far . yes . i hope it will be even _ . ye

22、s . i hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well . has changed ; well . changed ; good. changed ; good. has changed ; better . has changed ; better . changed ; better. changed ; better6 6、zhao lan _already _in this school for two zhao lan _already _in this school for two years .years . was ; studyi

23、ng . was ; studying . will ; study. will ; study. has ; studied . has ; studied . are ; studying. are ; studying 7 7、we _ xiao li since she was a little girl .we _ xiao li since she was a little girl . know . know . had known . had known . have known . have known . . k knewnew8 8、harry potter harry

24、potter is a very nice film .i_ it twice .is a very nice film .i_ it twice . will see . will see . have seen . have seen . saw . saw .see.see9 9、these farmers have been to the united states .these farmers have been to the united states . really ? when _ there ? really ? when _ there ?. will they go .

25、 will they go . did they go. did they go. do they go . do they go . have they gone. have they gone1010、_ you _ your homework yet ?_ you _ your homework yet ? yes . i _ it a moment ago . yes . i _ it a moment ago . did ; do ; finished . did ; do ; finished . have ; done ; finished. have ; done ; fini

26、shed. have ; done ; have finished . have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish. will ; do ; finish1111、 his father _ the his father _ the club club since 1978 .since 1978 . joined . joined . has joined . has joined . was in . was in . has been in. has been in1212、do you know him well ?do you k

27、now him well ? sure .we _ friends since ten years ago . sure .we _ friends since ten years ago . were . were . have been . have been . have become . have become . have made. have made1313、how long have you _ here ?how long have you _ here ?about two months .about two months . been . been . gone . gone . come . come . arrived. arrived1414、hurry