高中人教版必修四第一單元知識(shí)總結(jié)及練習(xí)

1、必修四Unit 1 Women of achievement同步輔導(dǎo)一、課前檢測(cè)（主要檢測(cè)學(xué)生對(duì)unit 1 的基本單詞和詞組的掌握情況）（1）重點(diǎn)單詞思憶1 (v.)完成，達(dá)到 2 (n.) 條件，狀況3 (n.) 連接，關(guān)系 4 (n.) 組織；機(jī)構(gòu)5 (vi.& vt.) 舉止，舉動(dòng) 6 (adj.) 值得做的7. (vt.) 觀察；注意到，觀測(cè) 8. (v.) 尊重，尊敬9 _ (v.) 爭(zhēng)論；辯論 10 (n.) 娛樂，款待11. (v.) 鼓舞；激發(fā) 12 (v.) 支持；擁護(hù)13. (n.) 通訊；交流 14. (v.) 打擊，打動(dòng)15. (v.) 解釋，說明 16 (a

2、dj.) 醫(yī)學(xué)的，醫(yī)療的17. (n.) 考慮；體諒 18 (vt.) 遞送，生小孩19. (adj.) 謙虛的；謙讓的 20._(n.)突發(fā)事件，緊急情況（2）核心詞組1決定，決心做 2建立 3(想法、問題等)涌上心頭；涌入腦海 4蔑視 5研究，調(diào)查 6吸引某人的注意力7為(某人)準(zhǔn)備 8接生9獻(xiàn)身于 10提到，參考11繼續(xù)進(jìn)行 12僅次于13死亡率 14.使自己參與，關(guān)心15解決，制定 16顧及，體諒17由于，考慮到 18舉行罷工19.過著的生活 20.（偶然）遇見，碰見Step 4: Presentation重難點(diǎn)一 重點(diǎn)單詞講解1.achieve tivvt. 完成；達(dá)到【巧記提示】a

3、-（to)+chief (ve)（最有價(jià)值的部分），達(dá)到A級(jí)價(jià)值。【經(jīng)典例句】By hard working we can achieve anything.只要我們努力，任何事情都能成功。【考點(diǎn)聚焦】1)形容詞：achievable 能完成的；能達(dá)到的；同義詞：accomplish v. 完成（任務(wù)等）；2）名詞：achievement 成就；功績(jī)當(dāng)achievement作“成就；業(yè)績(jī)”解時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞；作“完成；實(shí)現(xiàn)”解時(shí)，是不可數(shù)名詞。后綴- ment附在動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞根后構(gòu)成名詞，類似的詞還有entertainentertainment, movemovement, equipequipm

4、ent, judgejudgment, shipshipment等。3）achieve的常見搭配：我的記憶卡我的記憶卡achieve success獲得成功achieve victory取得勝利achieve ones purpose達(dá)到目的achieve ones aim 實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)achieve a good result 得到好的結(jié)果achieve ones goal 實(shí)現(xiàn)某人的目標(biāo)( 典型例題 ) Their play _ great success and brought in a large profit to the theatre.A. appreciated

5、     B. achieved  C. expected        D. seized點(diǎn)撥：答案為B。此題考查動(dòng)賓搭配，achieve great success“取得很大成功”。句意為：“他們的話劇取得巨大的成功，并且為劇院帶來很大利潤(rùn)?！? connection knekn n. 連接；關(guān)系；親戚【巧記提示】connect（連接)+-ion (名詞后綴) 【經(jīng)典例句】 My sister-in-law is a connection of mine by marri

6、age.我的嫂子是我的姻親?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】 1）同根詞：connected adj.聯(lián)接的;有關(guān)系的；connective adj.連接的；聯(lián)合的； connecting n.連接；管接頭；近義詞：association，relation2)與connection有關(guān)的詞組：have connection with “與有關(guān)系”，如：His illness must have had some connection with his diet.他的病想必與他的飲食有關(guān)。in connection with “與有關(guān)；關(guān)于”，如：The teachers often deal with probl

7、ems in connection with education.老師經(jīng)常處理和教育有關(guān)的問題。3)connect加后綴-ion構(gòu)成名詞，類似的詞還有：我的記憶卡actactioncommunicatecommunicationcorrectcorrectionoperateoperation instructinstructiontranslatetranslation 1. behave bheIv vt. & vi.舉動(dòng)；舉止；行為表現(xiàn)【巧記提示】 be-（使）+ have（有），使有好的舉止。【經(jīng)典例句】 He behaved with great courage in the

8、 battle.他在這次戰(zhàn)斗中表現(xiàn)得非常勇敢。【考點(diǎn)聚焦】 1)同根詞：misbehave v. 使行為不端; behavior n. 舉止；行為；表現(xiàn)；misbehavior n. 不良行為behaviour亦作 behavior，是英國(guó)英語和美國(guó)英語在拼法上的區(qū)別。類似的詞還有favo(u)r（贊成；贊許），flavo(u)r（滋味；味道），vapo(u)r（蒸汽；霧），neighbo(u)r（鄰居）等。2)常用搭配：behave oneself 使舉止好；使舉止規(guī)矩 （3）Do behave！規(guī)矩點(diǎn)！完成句子(1)I want you to behave yourself (舉止得體)w

9、hile Im away.(2)She is behaving oddly (表現(xiàn)得頗為古怪)(3)Im sorry about what I did last nightI behaved like a child(我太幼稚了)2. worthwhile w：(h)wal adj.值得花時(shí)間（精力）的；有價(jià)值的【巧記提示】 worth(價(jià)值)+ while（消磨）值得消磨時(shí)間有價(jià)值【經(jīng)典例句】 It is worthwhile to visit the museum.參觀這個(gè)博物館是值得的。 【重難點(diǎn)突破】1)區(qū)別worthwhile與worth，worthy的用法：worthwhile意為

10、“值得”，指花時(shí)間、精力、金錢等去做某事是值得的。如：It is worthwhile to read the book.= It is worthwhile reading the book. =Reading the book is worthwhile.這本書值得一讀。但不可以說The book is worthwhile reading.worth表示“價(jià)值”時(shí)，后接價(jià)值數(shù)量詞；當(dāng)表示“值得”時(shí)，后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞（不能接不定式）,常用well修飾，不用very。如：This laptop is worth 10 000 yuan and it is well worth buyi

11、ng.這臺(tái)筆記本電腦值10 000元,很值得買。worthy表示“有價(jià)值的；可尊敬的”時(shí)，常作定語；表示“值得”時(shí)，常作表語，結(jié)構(gòu)為 worthy of sth.。如：It is a worthy cause and worthy of our hardworking.這是一份高尚的事業(yè)，值得我們努力。worthy后面還可接動(dòng)名詞或不定式，結(jié)構(gòu)分別是worthy of being done和worthy to be done。如：The incident is worthy of being remembered.=The incident is worthy to be remembered

12、.這次事件值得紀(jì)念。如下表所示：詞條搭配意義和用法worthwhileIts worthwhile doing.值得做某事Its worthwhile to do. worthbe worthn.值得，值be worth doing“某事值得被做”要用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。另外its worth it表示“是值得的”worthybe worthy ofn.應(yīng)得某事物be worthy of beingdonebe worthy to bedone“某事值得被做”，接動(dòng)名詞時(shí)of后要用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式；接不定式時(shí)，worthy后要用不定式的被動(dòng)式表示“很值得做”要用副詞well來修飾。wo

13、rth一般只作表語；而worthy和worthwhile既可作表語又可作定語。worthy表示“有價(jià)值的，值得尊敬的”。用worth/worthwhile/worthy填空(1)It didnt seem worth writing it all out again.(2)Your suggestion is worthy of consideration.(3)Its worth much more than I paid for it.3. observe zv vt. 觀察；觀測(cè)；遵守【巧記提示】ob-（對(duì)，向）+ serve（服務(wù)），對(duì)服務(wù)質(zhì)量進(jìn)行觀察?！窘?jīng)典例句】We should

14、strictly observe the discipline.我們應(yīng)該嚴(yán)格遵守紀(jì)律。【考點(diǎn)聚焦】1）同根詞：observer n. 觀察者;observatory n.天文臺(tái)；氣象臺(tái)；observation n. 觀察；觀測(cè)近義詞：examine v. 檢查；仔細(xì)觀察2)observe的用法：observe+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語（不帶to的不定式/動(dòng)詞的-ing形式），被動(dòng)語態(tài)要用帶to的不定式。如：They were observed to enter the bank/entering the bank.他們被注意著進(jìn)了銀行。observe+從句，如：The boy observed wha

15、t was going on between Tom and his sister.這個(gè)男孩注意著湯姆和他姐姐之間所發(fā)生的事。3)當(dāng)表示“看”時(shí)，observe，watch，see，notice的區(qū)別：observe 相當(dāng)于watch carefully，指從不同的角度長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地看并研究，尤其用于實(shí)驗(yàn)或研究等場(chǎng)合，如observe the stars（觀察星星），observe the behavior of birds（觀察鳥類的習(xí)性）等；watch意為“看；觀看，特別留意、感興趣地看運(yùn)動(dòng)著的東西”。如 watch TV（看電視），watch a game（觀看比賽）等；see 指“看到；看見

16、”；強(qiáng)調(diào)看的結(jié)果，有意或無意地看到；notice 指“看到；注意到；覺察到”；偶爾看到細(xì)小的但可能是重要的。完成下列句子(1)She has been watching the stars (觀察星星) all her life.(2)He noticed a stranger wandering near the shop(看到一個(gè)陌生人在商店附近閑逛)(3)We must observe the traffic rules (遵守交通規(guī)則)（高考鏈接）Though having lived abroad for years，many Chinese still _ the traditio

17、nal customs.（湖北08）A. performB. possessC. observeD. support4. respect rpekt vt. & n. 尊敬；尊重；敬意【巧記提示】re-（再，又）+spect（“注視”的詞根），再看表示敬意?！窘?jīng)典例句】 Youth should always show respect to old age.年輕人總是應(yīng)該尊敬老人。【考點(diǎn)聚焦】1)同根詞：respecting prep.關(guān)系；說到；self-respect 自尊心2)形容詞respectable，respectful 與respective 的區(qū)別：respectabl

18、e 指“值得尊敬的”；respectful表示“尊敬的；恭敬的”；respective 指“各自的；分別的”。3）表示“尊敬”時(shí)，respect和honour，regard的區(qū)別：respect 正式用語，指對(duì)父母、年長(zhǎng)者、正直的人、學(xué)者、法律、秘密等的尊敬或敬重。如：He respects his teachers.他尊敬老師。honor非常尊敬（respect highly），指對(duì)君主、長(zhǎng)輩、父母、貴人、德高望重之人、正直之人、天神等的敬意。如：He was honored as a man of courage.他被尊為勇者。regard指對(duì)父母、他人的感情，對(duì)法律、安息日等的尊敬。如：

19、We all regard our English teacher highly.我們都很尊敬我們的英語老師。5. argue a：gju： vi.爭(zhēng)論；辯論 vt. 爭(zhēng)論；說服【巧記提示】 argue（爭(zhēng)論）large（大量的），大量的爭(zhēng)論?！窘?jīng)典例句】 He argued that the experiment could be done in another way.他認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)可以換一種方法做?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】1)同根詞：argument n. 論點(diǎn)，爭(zhēng)論，論據(jù)；arguable adj.有商榷余地的;可辯駁的；可論證的2)argue 的用法：argue with sb. about/o

20、ver sth.因?yàn)楹蜖?zhēng)辯,如：They are arguing with the officials over foreign policies.他們正就外交政策與官員們進(jìn)行辯論。Argue +that 從句,如：We argued that we should be paid more.我們據(jù)理力爭(zhēng)我們應(yīng)該得到更高的薪水。Argue + sb. to be.說明，如：The way he spends money argues him to be rich/that he is rich.他花錢的方式說明他很富有。argue for/against提出理由支持/反對(duì)，如：He argued

21、 against the use of animals in this experiment.他反對(duì)用動(dòng)物做這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。選用上述詞語填空(1) He argued with Mary over the best place for a holiday.(2) They were arguing about/over how to spend the money.6. entertainment nttennt n.款待；娛樂；娛樂表演【巧記提示】 entertain(娛樂)+-ment（名詞后綴）【經(jīng)典例句】 This is a serious novel，not an entertainmen

22、t.這是一本嚴(yán)肅的小說，不是消遣讀物?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】 1)同根詞：entertain v. 招待；款待；使歡樂；給娛樂；entertaining adj.使人愉快的；有趣的2)與entertainment相關(guān)的詞組：provide entertainment for. 為提供娛樂give an entertainment to sb.招待某人3)后綴-ment附在動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞根后構(gòu)成名詞，類似的詞：achieveachievementmovemovementequipequipmentjudgejudg(e)ment7. inspire nspa vt. 鼓舞；感動(dòng)；激發(fā)；啟示【巧記提示】 in

23、（在里面)+ spire（呼吸），在呼吸中得到啟示?！窘?jīng)典例句】 We are all inspired by the heroic deeds of Dr. Bethune.白求恩的英雄事跡使我們大家深受鼓舞?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】 1)名詞：inspiration n. 靈感；啟發(fā)；鼓舞人的事或人2)inspire的用法：inspire+賓語，如：His speech inspired us.他的發(fā)言鼓舞了我們。inspire+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語，如He inspired me to try again. 他鼓勵(lì)我再試一次。3)inspiring 和inspired 的區(qū)別：inspiring 鼓舞人

24、心的；inspired受到鼓舞的。動(dòng)詞加-ing 的形容詞有主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行的含義；動(dòng)詞加-ed的形容詞有被動(dòng)或已完成的含義。如：The students were all inspired by the inspiring song.學(xué)生們都被這首振奮人心的歌曲所鼓舞。(典型例題)Greatly _, the students made up their minds to work harder at English.A. inspiring        B. inspired   C.

25、 having-inspired     D. to inspire點(diǎn)撥；答素為B。主句中的主語與inspire之間是邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞形式。句意為：“學(xué)生們受到極大鼓舞，決定曼努力地學(xué)習(xí)英語?！?#160;  11. communication kmjunken n. 通訊；通信；交流【巧記提示】 communicat（交流)去e+-ion（名詞后綴）【經(jīng)典例句】 He has been in communication with his family.他一直與家里保持聯(lián)系?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】 同根詞：communicate

26、v. 傳達(dá)；交流；communicative adj.愛說話的；健談的；communicating adj.（作定語）(房間等)互通的；相連的；連接的12consideration knsdren n. 考慮；體諒【巧記提示】 consider(考慮)+-ation（名詞后綴）【經(jīng)典例句】 After long consideration he agreed to their requests.考慮許久以后，他同意了他們的請(qǐng)求。【考點(diǎn)聚焦】 1)同根詞：considerate adj.體貼人的；體諒人的；considered adj.經(jīng)過深思熟慮的；considering prep. 考慮到；

27、就而論2）動(dòng)詞 consider（vt.考慮；認(rèn)為）的用法：后接名詞、動(dòng)名詞、疑問詞+不定式或賓語從句。如：Im considering changing my job.我正考慮換個(gè)工作。 （接動(dòng)名詞）3)常用搭配：in consideration of考慮到；為了的緣故；由于4)當(dāng)表示“認(rèn)為”時(shí)，consider與 think，believe，regard，suppose，guess，imagine，fancy的區(qū)別：consider經(jīng)考慮而認(rèn)為，較客觀；think是最普通的詞，含推理、判斷，形成看法之意；believe相信，認(rèn)為；regard與consider常可換用，但含個(gè)人的主觀認(rèn)識(shí)較

28、強(qiáng)一些；suppose近似于think，但含不確切之意，比think少根據(jù)；guess憑想像加以猜測(cè)；imagine想像；fancy憑空想像。(高考鏈接)The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any_ when the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April, 2009.A. delay             B. effort &

29、#160;           C. schedule           D. consideration(09福建) 答案  A 解析 : 名詞詞義辨析。delay：耽擱，延誤；effort：努力；schedule：時(shí)間表；consideration：考慮，體諒；關(guān)心。題干意思是：當(dāng)H1N1型2009年4月襲擊墨西哥時(shí)，世界衛(wèi)生組織毫不猶豫地向人們提出了警告。選A。8. d

30、eliver dlv vt. 遞送；生（小孩）；發(fā)表（演說等）【巧記提示】de-（分離)+ liver（肝臟)，生孩子如同除去肝臟?！窘?jīng)典例句】 The professor delivered a lecture to us yesterday.教授昨天給我們作了個(gè)講座。【考點(diǎn)聚焦】 1)名詞：delivery n. 投遞;發(fā)送;分娩2)deliver作“生（小孩）”解時(shí)與bear的區(qū)別：deliver指“助產(chǎn)”，如：She was delivered of a healthy boy.她生下一個(gè)健康的男孩兒。bear作“生育”解時(shí)是及物動(dòng)詞，如：She bore (has borne)six

31、 children. 她生了六個(gè)孩子。完成句子(1)Would you deliver a message to your mother for me?(幫我傳口信給你母親)?(2)She is due to deliver a speech (作一個(gè)演講)on genetic engineering. (3)She was delivered a healthy baby (生下了一個(gè)健康的嬰兒)二重點(diǎn)短語 1.either.or 不是就是【巧記提示】 either(任一)+or(或者)【經(jīng)典例句】 She is either drunk or mad. 她不是醉了就是瘋了。【考點(diǎn)聚焦】 1

32、)either表示“也”時(shí)，只用于否定句或否定詞組末尾。用在肯定句中的是too。如：Dad didnt go and Mum didnt go either.爸爸沒去，媽媽也沒去。2)在either.or的句子中，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)就近的主語而定。如：Either you or your twin sister has broken the glass.不是你就是你的雙胞胎姐姐打碎了杯子。同類用法有：neither.nor 兩者都不neither.nor 的反義詞為 both.and “兩者都”，謂語動(dòng)詞則為復(fù)數(shù)。2.be determined to do sth.決心做某事【經(jīng)典例句】 W

33、e are determined to succeed this time.這次我們決心要取得成功。【考點(diǎn)聚焦】 1)同義詞組：make up ones mind (to do sth.)2) determine vt. （使）決定；確定，其用法如下：determine+不定式，如：He determined to learn English.他決定學(xué)英語。determine+賓語+不定式，如：His advice determined me to delay no more.他的勸告使我決定不再拖延。determine+從句，如：He determined that he would lea

34、ve.他決定離開。3)be determined to do sth.短語中determined是形容詞，意為“堅(jiān)定的”，還可作定語。如：Madame Curie was a determined woman and set a good example to us.居里夫人是一位堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的女性，給我們樹立了好榜樣。用be determined to do造句：_.3. argue for 提供支持的理由，為支持而辯論【巧記提示】 argue(說服)+for(為了)為了說服而提供理由?！窘?jīng)典例句】 The workers argued for the right to strike.工人們?yōu)闋?zhēng)取罷

35、工的權(quán)力而辯論?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】 1)常用搭配：argue with sb.about (over)sth.與某人辯論某事，如：They are arguing with their classmates about the solution to the problem.他們正和同班同學(xué)爭(zhēng)論這個(gè)難題的解決方案。2)注意argue后面的介詞for 和against分別表示不同的含義：Some people argue for free trade.一些人為支持自由貿(mào)易辯論。Some people argue against free trade.一些人為反對(duì)自由貿(mào)易辯論。3)argue的名詞形式為

36、argument（論點(diǎn)；爭(zhēng)論；論據(jù)）。（典型例題）例題1 .  I don't know what Ann was arguing_.             A, with them       B. to them  C. to them about    D. with them about例題2. The workers_ for the r

37、ight to strike.A. quarrelled  B. discussed  C. argued  D. agreed例題3.   All his friends argued him_ leaving his job. but he insisted on having a change.A. with    B. about    C. out of    D. into4.look down upon/on 看不起，輕視【巧記提示

38、】 把人“往下看”看不起【經(jīng)典例句】 I hope you dont look down upon/on this kind of work.我希望你不要看不起這種工作。【考點(diǎn)聚焦】 1)同義詞組：hold sb./sth.in contempt；反義詞組：think highly of2)以look為核心構(gòu)成的短語:我的記憶卡look at 看著look about/around環(huán)顧四周;警戒look after 照料;照看look forward to盼望;期待look for 尋找look into調(diào)查；注視的內(nèi)部或深處look on旁觀;觀望look out向外看；當(dāng)心；警戒look

39、like看起來像look over檢查；檢閱look through瀏覽；檢查look up （在詞典、參考書中）查找look up to尊敬look down at低頭看某事完成句子(1)You mustnt look down upon the disabled (瞧不起殘疾人)(2)Im looking forward to work with you .(期待著與你共事)(3)While I was looking through(我在瀏覽報(bào)紙時(shí))，I found some useful information.5.care for 喜歡；照顧【經(jīng)典例句】 Do you care fo

40、r art? 你喜歡藝術(shù)嗎？【考點(diǎn)聚焦】 1)care for作“照顧”解時(shí),同義詞是look after，take care of。2)care for與 care about，take care，take care of的區(qū)別：care about指“ 擔(dān)心；關(guān)心”；take care 常用于口語中，意為“當(dāng)心；注意”；或用于分別時(shí)或信末時(shí)表示“保重”；take care of指“照顧；照料；愛護(hù)”；3)當(dāng)care for 表示“喜歡；想要”時(shí)，常用于疑問句或否定句。6.as well as 除之外還；也；和【巧記提示】 as(同樣地)+well(好)+as(像)【經(jīng)典例句】 It is

41、important for you as well as for me.這對(duì)于你我同樣重要?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】 掌握as well as 與 as well，as good as 的區(qū)別：as well as相當(dāng)于介詞，用于肯定句中，起連接作用。當(dāng)主語后面跟有as well as引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)按主語的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。如：The teacher as well as the students was excited.老師和學(xué)生一樣激動(dòng)。as well指“也；又”，用于肯定句句尾，相當(dāng)于too，also。如：He is a scientist，but he is a poet as wel

42、l.他是一個(gè)科學(xué)家，也是一個(gè)詩人。as good as 指“幾乎（是）；等于是”。如：He is as good as dead.他幾乎是半死不活了。（典型例題）You're so tall. This little bed won't _for you. A. do B.fit C. care D. prepare7.devote.to 把奉獻(xiàn)給【巧記提示】devote(獻(xiàn)身)+to(向)【經(jīng)典例句】He devoted all his life to the cause of education.他將全部生命獻(xiàn)給了教育事業(yè)?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】 1)近義詞組：make contri

43、bution to2)devote oneself to 獻(xiàn)身于；致力于；專心于；沉溺于。如：He devoted himself completely to work.他專心于工作。3)devote.to中的to是介詞，所以后面接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。如:He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.他把一生都獻(xiàn)給了為人類謀福利。我的記憶卡類似的詞組：look forward to（期待）lead to（導(dǎo)致)pay attention to（注意）listen to（聽）stick to（堅(jiān)持）object to（反對(duì)）· He

44、has devoted all his life to helping (help) the blind people.三重點(diǎn)句子1. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.她母親頭幾個(gè)月來幫過她的忙，這才使她得以開始自己的計(jì)劃?！酒饰觥窟@是一個(gè)倒裝句。正常語序的陳述句應(yīng)當(dāng)是She was allowed to begin her project after her mother came to help her for the f

45、irst few months. only位于句首修飾狀語時(shí)，主句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)?！就卣埂康寡b使用較復(fù)雜，我們不妨用口訣來記憶：疑問句，there be;條件句,if去；強(qiáng)表語，重狀語；引語后，常用起；否定詞，開頭時(shí);only語，往前置；免重復(fù)，需代替；要祝愿，為修辭。完成句子(1)Only then did I realize (只有在那時(shí)我才意識(shí)到) that I was wrong.(2)Only by following this method can we learn English well.我們才能學(xué)好英語)(3)Only when he returned from the exch

46、ange program did he realize他才意識(shí)到)how much he enjoyed it.(4) Only you understand me. 只有你理解我。（高考鏈接）(1) Only then _ how much damage had been caused. (陜西卷)A. she realized B. she had realizedC. had she realized D. did she realize(2) _ by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other co

47、mpanies. (浙江卷)A. Only      B. Just C. Still D. Yet2. For forty years Jane Goodall has been helping the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals.40年來，簡(jiǎn)·古多爾幫助世界上的其他人了解并尊重這些動(dòng)物的生活?！酒饰觥?1）這個(gè)句子用的是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，其結(jié)構(gòu)是have（has）+ been+動(dòng)詞-ing形式，它表示從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始的動(dòng)作或狀

48、態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還會(huì)再進(jìn)行下去。2)the rest of的后面可接可數(shù)名詞，也可接不可數(shù)名詞，但要注意其后面接的詞的單復(fù)數(shù)，以便決定后面動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：The rest of the money was given to his son.他把剩下的錢都給了他的兒子。The rest of the sailors were missing.其余的水手都失蹤了?！就卣埂勘嫖觯含F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作開始于過去，到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成了，并且對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了一定影響或結(jié)果。如：What have you done? 你干了什么？I have broken a teapot.我打

49、碎了一把茶壺。而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)更強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性。如：What have you been doing? 你一直在做什么？I have been practicing the piano.我一直在練彈鋼琴。（高考鏈接）Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _ English for a year. （NMET2007湖南卷） A. studies B. studied C. is studying D. has been studying 解析：?！癈athy

50、is taking notes of”主句是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示Cathy正在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)該學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)作從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且還在持續(xù)進(jìn)行一年。3. I did not realize that my homework was to change my life.我沒有意識(shí)到我的作業(yè)竟會(huì)改變我的生活?！酒饰觥?這是一個(gè)以that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。在這個(gè)賓語從句中，was to change屬于“be+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，此處表示“不可避免的、將要發(fā)生的、命中注定的事”。如：We were sure then that he was to become a very important person.我們當(dāng)

51、時(shí)確信他會(huì)成為一位重要人物。【拓展】1）“be+動(dòng)詞不定式”通常用來表示“計(jì)劃、打算（=be going to）”。如：The line is to be opened to traffic on National Day.這條鐵路將在國(guó)慶節(jié)通車。2）“be+動(dòng)詞不定式”還可表示命令，意為“必須；不得不”。如：You are to do your homework before you watch TV.你得做完作業(yè)才能看電視。（高考鏈接）In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _. (上海2000) 、

52、A. have survived    B. are to survive   C. would survive    D. will survive分析：該題意為“在這樣干旱的天氣里，這些花要想活下來，就必須澆水”。由于在條件狀語從句中，一般不用will / would表示將來，但可用“be+不定式”，故正確答案為B。4. Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time. That was a gener

53、ation when girls education was always placed second to boys.我突然想到在那個(gè)時(shí)候，女孩的教育總是次于男孩的時(shí)候，一個(gè)女子去學(xué)醫(yī)一定是相當(dāng)困難的?！酒饰觥?)在這個(gè)句子中，it是形式主語，真正的主語很長(zhǎng)，是由how difficult引導(dǎo)的主從句。一般當(dāng)真正的主語很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)候，都會(huì)選用it作形式主語，然后講真正的主語置于后面。如：It is not easy to learn French well.2）Suddenly it hit sb. :某人突然想到某事，突然意識(shí)到某事。例如：Suddenly it hit me that he

54、was trying to ask me to marry him.試用該句型造句:3)hit 擊打，襲擊。 如：The ship hit a rock and wrecked. 船觸礁撞毀了。hit的過去式和過去分詞都是hit。另外還有表示打擊的詞，如：strike strak v. 打擊；打動(dòng)n. 罷工；襲擊【巧記提示】 s+trike（三輪車），蛇（s）騎三輪車去罷工?！窘?jīng)典例句】 The union leaders called on a strike.工會(huì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)號(hào)召罷工?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】 1)同根詞：striker n. 罷工者；打擊者；striking adj.惹人注目的；打擊的；strike的過去式是struck，過去分詞是struck或stricken,現(xiàn)在分詞是striking。2)strike 的其他一些詞義：vt. 打；敲；擊；襲擊；擊中；劃火柴。如：I struck a match and held it to his cigarette.我劃著一根火柴伸到他的煙上。vt. 突然想起；某種想法突然出現(xiàn)；給人留下印象。如：An idea suddenly struck me.我忽然心生一計(jì)。3)作“打；擊”講時(shí)strike和beat，hit，tap，的區(qū)別：beat（用棍、棒等連續(xù)）打;擊；hit打;擊