高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)定語從句北師大版選修9

1、高考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)專題一- 定語從句t一、考點(diǎn)聚焦 1、功能：相當(dāng)于形容詞，修飾名詞或代詞，在句中作定語2、位置：定語從句置于被修飾詞之后those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.3、先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞稱為先行詞（1）先行詞一般是名詞和不定代詞，如:some-, any-, every-和no與-boy, -thing的合成詞；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代詞。數(shù)詞也可以作先行詞，人稱代詞也同樣可作先行詞。（2）先行詞與關(guān)系詞是等量關(guān)系。必須注意兩點(diǎn)：先行詞在從句中作主語時(shí)，從句

2、謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由先行詞而定。this is the place which is worth visiting.關(guān)系詞在從句句子中充當(dāng)了成分，其意思就是先行詞的意義，所以在從句中不能重復(fù)其意。there are many places we can visit（them）in china.4、關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的都稱關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞：who, whom, which, that, whose, as。關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why。that偶爾也作關(guān)系副詞。5、確定關(guān)系詞的步驟（1）先找關(guān)系詞，看先行詞指的是什么。（2）看關(guān)系詞在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞帧?、在定語從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，

3、下列情況的關(guān)系詞宜用that而不用which（1）先行詞被形容詞最高級 序數(shù)詞 數(shù)詞幾種詞修飾或被 only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修飾時(shí)。（2）先行詞為all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代詞時(shí)。（3）先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)。he was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus.（4）先行詞在主句中作表語關(guān)系詞在從句中作表語時(shí)。the village is no longer the one that

4、was 5 years ago.（5）當(dāng)主句中含有疑問詞which時(shí)。which are the books that you bought for me ?7、宜用which而不用that的情況（1）在非限制性定語從句中（2）在關(guān)系詞前有介詞時(shí)（3）當(dāng)先行詞本身是that時(shí)（4）當(dāng)關(guān)系詞離先行詞較遠(yuǎn)時(shí)8、關(guān)系詞who與that指人時(shí)，也有不同情況分別用不同的關(guān)系詞（1）當(dāng)主句是there be句型時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用who。（2）先行詞是為anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用who。（3）當(dāng)主句是who作疑問詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用that。who is that

5、 girl that is standing by the window?（4）whom在從句中只作賓語，可被who取代。9、whose作關(guān)系詞既指人又指物，在從句中作定語。如：do you know mr.smith whose story is very moving ?there is a room, whose window faces the river.there is a room, the window of which faces the river.10、關(guān)系代詞as,在從句中作主語、賓語和表語。（1）先行詞被such和the same修飾，或句型as many（much）

6、中，從句都用as 引導(dǎo)。such books as you bought are useful.the school is just the same as it was 10 years age.注意：區(qū)別such that 引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句。they are suchlovely children that we love them much.the same that 引導(dǎo)定語從句。i want to use the same tool that you used just now.（2）無先行詞的定語從句用as和which引導(dǎo)。區(qū)別：意義上：as 含有“這點(diǎn)正如一樣”。位置上：as

7、從句可置句首，也可在另處。he didnt pass the exam, as we had expected.there is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out.as is known, the earth is round, not flat.11、關(guān)系副詞when與where、why、thatwhen 指時(shí)間 = in / at / on / during whichwhere指地點(diǎn) = in / at / from / whichwhy指原因 = for which當(dāng)先行詞為way、day、reason、tim

8、e時(shí)，可用that作關(guān)系副詞。（非正式場合）i dont like the way that / in which / he talks.當(dāng)time作先行詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞可以省掉。this is the first time i have given you a lesson in french.12、必須注意的問題（1）關(guān)系詞作主語時(shí)，從句中謂語的數(shù)。（2）注意區(qū)別定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句。定語從句中關(guān)系詞作從句成分，復(fù)合句。強(qiáng)調(diào)it無意義，that / who不是引導(dǎo)詞。強(qiáng)調(diào)it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思講得通則是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，講不通則不是。it is the museum th

9、at / which we visited last year.(定語從句)it was in the hotel that we stayed last night.（強(qiáng)調(diào)句）（3）定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別。定語從句引導(dǎo)詞被稱為關(guān)系詞，that充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語。有時(shí)可省略。同位語從句引導(dǎo)詞被叫做連詞，that不能充當(dāng)任何成分，不可省。word came that their army was defeated.(同位語)we expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.(定語)（4）關(guān)系詞在從句中省略的情況。關(guān)系詞作賓語，

10、前無介詞時(shí)。關(guān)系詞作表語。（5）限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的翻譯。（6）關(guān)系詞前有介詞或復(fù)雜介詞，關(guān)系詞只能是which和whom。（7）幾個(gè)特殊的定語從句句型：he is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match.（句中one為先行詞）he is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.（句中students為先行詞）is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday?

11、is this the place(that / which)we visited yesterday ? he stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening.it may rain, in which case the match will be put off.'二、精典名題導(dǎo)解選擇填空1. the film brought the hours back to me _ i was taken good care of in that faraway village.（nmet 2001）a.unti

12、l b.that c.when d.where解析：答案為c。本題考查分隔定語從句的關(guān)系詞的選擇。作好本題的關(guān)鍵是要能辨認(rèn)出該定語從句的先行詞the hours和關(guān)系詞被介詞短語to me所分隔。定語從句的先行詞是表時(shí)間的名詞hours, 并且關(guān)系詞在從句中用作狀語，故應(yīng)選擇表示時(shí)間的關(guān)系副詞when。2. _ is known to everybody, the noon travels around the earth once every month.(nmet 2001)a.it b.as c.that d.what解析：答案為b。本題考查as引導(dǎo)的非限制定語從句。as作“正如”解時(shí)，

13、引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句來修飾整個(gè)句子。當(dāng)as在從句中作主語時(shí)，常用于下列短語：as is known、as is said、as is reported、as is announced等。要注意掌握作關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的用法。3. after living in pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.(nmet 1996)a.which b.where c.that d.when解析：答案為b。本題考查限制性定語從句中關(guān)系詞的選擇。定語從句的先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞短語the sm

14、all town, 且關(guān)系詞不作定語從句中的主語和賓語而作地點(diǎn)狀語，因此定語從句必須用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。要注意分清先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?，然后選擇適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞。4.the english play my students acted at the new years party was a great success.a. for which b. at which c. in which d. on which解析：答案為c?？级ㄕZ從句。主句部分應(yīng)是the english play at the new years party was a great success.從句補(bǔ)全為獨(dú)立句

15、子應(yīng)是my students acted in the play。所以應(yīng)選in which，其余介詞不妥。5.there were dirty marks on her trousers she had wiped her hands.a. where b. which c. when d. that解析：答案為a。本題考地點(diǎn)狀語從句，用where引導(dǎo)。句意是“她的褲子上她擦過手的地方有臟痕”。此處不能用時(shí)間狀語從句，排除c，本題易被誤認(rèn)為考定語從句，意為“在她擦過手的褲子上有臟痕”。定語從句修飾trousers，也只能用where。b和d可引導(dǎo)定語從句，但只作主、賓等成分。定語從句缺少狀語，

16、不缺主語、賓語，故不可用。6.the journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, the sailing time was 226 days.a. of which b. during which c. from which d. for which解析：答案為a。本題考定語從句，關(guān)系代詞which指代the journey，定語從句恢復(fù)為獨(dú)立句子應(yīng)是：the sailing time of the journey was 226 days,故選of which?；A(chǔ)訓(xùn)練1. the pretty lady _you to

17、ld me the other day turned out to be a thief.a. who b. whom c. about whom d. with whom2. is this the factory _your father used to work many years ago?a. the place b. which c. in which d. the one in which 3. do you know who lives in the building _ there is a big apple tree？ a. in front of it b. in fr

18、ont of whose c. in front of where d. in front of which4. the person _my father spoke just now is my english teacher.a. who b. to whom c. to who d. whom 5. the reason _she didnt come to toms birthday is that her mother wont let her.a .that b. which c. for which d. for what6. china is a beautiful coun

19、try, _we are greatly proud.a. which b. in which c. of which d. where7. i will never forget the day _i join the army.a. on which b in which c. which d at which 8. last week, only two people came to look at the house, _wanted to buy it.a. none of them b. both of them c. none of whom d. neither of whom

20、9.there are two buildings，_stands nearly a hundred feet high.a. the larger b. the larger of them c. the larger one that d. the larger of which10. “id like to give my thanks to those_ help my son will be able to survive his terrible disease,” said the woman on tv. a who b that c with whose d with the

21、ir強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練1. some of the roads were flooded, _ made our journey more difficult. a. which b. it c. what d. that 2. finally they arrived at a place_ sold cigarettes and other small articles.a. where b. which c. in which d. what 3. he was educated at a local grammar school, _ he went on to cambridge. a. fr

22、om whichb. after thatc. after whichd. from this 4. some pre-school children go to a day care center, _they learn simple games and songs. a. then b. there c. while d. where5. mom, what did the doctor say? he advised me to live_ the air is fresher.a. in where b. in which c. the place where d. where6.

23、it is reported that two schools，_ are being built in my hometown，will open next year. athey both bwhich both cboth of them dboth of which7a survey was carried out on the death rate of newborn babies in that area, were surprising.aas results bwhich results cthe results of it dthe results of which8the

24、re were two small rooms in the house, _served as kitchen.a. the smaller of which   b. the small of which c. the smaller of them    d. the smaller one9. frank's dream was to have his own shop _ to produce the workings of his own hands. a. that b. in which c. by which

25、 d. how 10. “id like to give my thanks to those help my son will be able to survive his terrible disease,” said the woman on tv.awhobthatcwith whosedwith their11. she had two new cars, _ was made in japan. a. one b. which c. and one of which d. and one of them12. on my way home i met a man, _ i thin

26、k was her brother. a. whom b. that c. who d. /13. next winter, _ you will spend in harbin, im sure, will be another exciting holiday. a. which b. when c. in which d. that14. _ to take the english evening course, please fill in this form. a. those who want b. anyone wants c. those that want d. people

27、 want15. i don't like _ you solve such problems. a. the way b. the way in that c. the way which d. the way of which16. the factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, _ 80% are sold abroad. a. of which b. which of c. of them d. of that17. i can think of many cases _ students obvio

28、usly knew a lot of english words and expressions but couldn't write a good essay. a. why b. which c. as d. where18. the oscar is the only one of the film prizes _ offered to any chinese actor or actress by far. a. which is not b. that have not been c. that has not d. that has not been19. is this

29、 factory _ some foreign friends visited last friday? a. that b. where c. which d. the one20. that tree, _ branches are almost bare, is very old. a. whose b. of which c. in which d. on which21. i have bought the same dress _ she is wearing. a. as b. that c. which d. what22. this is the very film _ i&

30、#39;ve long wished to see. a. which b. that c. who d. whom高考訓(xùn)練2007年1. his movie won several awards at the film festival, _ was beyond his wildest dream. （上海卷） a. whichb. that c. where d. it2. where did you get to know her? it was on the farm _ we worked. （山東卷） athat bthere cwhich dwhere 3. last week

31、, only two people came to look at the house, _ wanted to buy it. （安徽卷） a. none of them b. both of them c. none of whom d. neither of whom4. we shouldnt spent our money testing so many people, most of _are healthy（北京卷）a. that b. which c. what d. whom5. by serving others, a person focuses on someone o

32、ther than himself or herself, _ can be very eye-opening and rewarding. （湖南卷） a. who b. which c. what d. that 6. he was educated at the local high school, _ he went on to beijing university. （江蘇卷） a. after whichb. after thatc. in which d. in that7. after graduation she reached a point in her career s

33、he heeded to decide what to do. （江西卷） a. that b. what c. which d. where8. some pre-school children go to a day care center, _they learn simple games and songs. （全國卷i） a. then b. there c. while d. where9. today, well discuss a number of cases beginners of english fail to use the language properly. （陜

34、西卷）a. which b. as c. why d. where10. the thought of going back home was kept him happy while he was working abroad（上海春）athatball thatcall whatdwhich11. it is reported that two schools，_ are being built in my hometown，will open next year. （四川卷） athey both bwhich both cboth of them dboth of which12. t

35、hose successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing. （天津卷）a. when whose c. which d. where13. chans restaurant on baker street, _ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business. （浙江卷） a. that b. which c. who d. where 14. human facial expressions diffe

36、r from those of animals in the degree _ they can be controlled on purpose. （重慶卷）a. with which b. to which c. of which d. for which15. eric received training in computer for one year, _ he found a job in a big company. （遼寧卷）a. after that b. after which c. after it d. after this16.the village has deve

37、loped a lot we learned farming two years ago. （福建卷）a. whenb. which c. that d. where2008年1. by nine oclock, all the olympic torch bearers had reached the top of mount qomolangma, _ appeared a rare rainbow soon. （福建卷） a. of which b. on which c. from which d. above which2. the growing speed of a plant

38、is influenced by a number of factors, _ are beyond our control. （湖南卷）a. most of them b. most of which c. most of what d. most of that 3. the science museum, _ we visited during a recent trip to britain, is one of londons tourist attractions. （江蘇卷） a. whichb. whatc. thatd. where4. occasions are quite rare _ i have the time to spend a day with my kids. （山東卷）a. whob. whichc. whyd. when5. later in this chapter cases will be introduced to reade