主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的幾個特例

1、主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的幾個特例一、含有雙賓語的句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時， 多數(shù)將主動句中的間接賓語 變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，直接賓語作保留賓語；也可將直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z， 間接賓語作保留賓語，但這時保留賓語前多加介詞 to或for。如：He gave me a new watch 1） I was give n a new watch.2） A new watch was give n to me.二、含有復(fù)合賓語且賓語補足語是名詞的句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，只能將主動句中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳渲械闹髡Z，賓補不可變?yōu)橹髡Z。如：They call me Jim.宀 I am called Jim.（不可說：Jim is c

2、alled me.）三、主語為疑問詞的疑問句變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，用“ By+疑問詞（賓格）”置于句首。如：Who broke the glass?宀 By whom was the glass broken?四、祈使句變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，要改為“ Let +原賓語+be+過去分詞”。女口： Close the window.宀 Let the window be closed.五、帶賓語從句的復(fù)合句變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時， 多用it作形式主語置于句 首，原賓語從句成為真正主語（從句），從句中也需用被動語態(tài)。女口:People said that Lin Feng could take good care of

3、 the babytIt was said that the baby could be take n good care of by Lin Feng.六、含有謂語動詞know的主動句變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，不用 by短語，需by改為to。如：We all know the scientist. f The scientist is known to us all.七、no one nobody等否定代詞作主語的句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，謂語動詞用否定式，不再用原主語，但可加上by anyone by anybody等短語。如：No one can lift the heavy box. The heav

4、y box can not be lifted （by anyon e）.被動語態(tài)改錯練習(xí)下列每句均有錯誤，請改正：1. The May 4 Moveme nt（運動）was happe ned in 1919.2. Who was my book take n away?3. Was this room clea ned by you and he?4. Whe n did the sweater bought?5. She was made sing a sec ond song.（si ng 前力口 to （在 make, hear, see, watch, fee等動詞后作賓補的不定

5、式不加to。但這些動詞構(gòu)成的被動句中，不定式符號to必須加上。）6. The poor man was saved and gave some mon ey.7. A scie nee lab is built now.8. I was give n by Li Ping two books.9. A happy life is being lived by us.10. Something must be did to finish the work on time.答案： 1. was happened happened 2.句末加by或?qū)⒃涓臑?By whom was my book

6、take n away? 3. hehim 4. did was 5. si ng 前 加to（在make, hear, see, watch, fee等動詞后作賓補的不定式不加 to。 但這些動詞構(gòu)成的被動句中，不定式符號 to必須加上。6. gavegiven此句意為“有人救了那個可憐的人，并給了他一點錢”，因此后一個動詞也要用被動語態(tài)。7. is built f is being built由now判斷，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)。8. by Li Ping two books f twobooks by Li Pin g . by短語一般置于被動謂語結(jié)構(gòu)之后，但在含雙賓語的主動句變?yōu)楸粍?/p>

7、句時，by短語應(yīng)置于另一保留賓語之后。9.原句改為：We are living a happy life.主動句賓語為同源賓語時， 不可改 為被動句。10. didf done被動謂語結(jié)構(gòu)中的行為動詞都有過去分 詞，而不是過去式。主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的方法一、簡單句的主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)(1) 通常的辦法是：將主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，將 主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語動詞變?yōu)椤?be / get + 過去分詞”形式，將主動結(jié)構(gòu) 中的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語(若動作的執(zhí)行者沒有必要說明則可以省 略該by短語)。如：Li Lei planted the tree last year. f The tr

8、ee was planted by Li Lei last year.這棵樹是李蕾去年栽的。Workers made the machines in Changsha.f The machines were made in Cha ngsha.這些機器是長沙造的。(2) 將含有賓語補足語的句子 變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，應(yīng)將 賓語變?yōu)楸粍?結(jié)構(gòu)的主語，而賓語的補足語則留在原處成為主語補足語。如：He pain ted the door gree n yesterday. f The door was pain ted gree n yesterday.昨天門被漆成綠色了。注意：表示“使、讓”的動詞mak

9、e, have等，以及感官動詞see, watch, observe, feel, hear, listen to, look等，在主動語態(tài)中，接不定式做賓 語補足語時，不定式前的to要省略，而變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，成為主語 補足語的不定式，則必 須帶to。如：I saw him go into the teachers office. He was seen to go into the teachers office.看見他進入了教師辦公室。(3) 帶雙賓語的句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，既可將直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài) 的主語，而在間接賓語前加to或for留在動詞之后；也可將間接賓 語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)的主語，而直

10、接賓語留在動詞之后。但一般采用后一 種用法。He gave me the pen last year. I was give n the pen last year. / The pen was give n to me last year.這支筆是去年給我的?！菊f明】一般說來，間接賓語前帶to的動詞有：bring, give, ha nd, le nd, offer, pass, post, send, show, take, teach, tell, write, throw等; 間接賓語 前帶for的動詞有：book 登記,buy, call, get, make, do等。(4) 動詞

11、 believe, consider考慮，declare聲明，expect, know, report, say,suppose, thi nk等的被動語態(tài)，常有兩種結(jié)構(gòu)形式。如：He was said to get hurt in the car accide nt.人們說他在車禍中受傷了。It was said that he got hurt in the car accident.人們說他在車禍中受傷 了。(5) 短語動詞變被動語態(tài)時，短語動詞后面的介詞或副詞不能省略女口： She has n ever bee n operated on before她從未動過手術(shù)The baby w

12、as looked after by her sister.這嬰兒由她的姐姐照顧。His plan was laughed at by everyo ne.他的計劃大家都嘲笑。二、復(fù)合句的主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)復(fù)合句的主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)時，復(fù)合句中的主句和從句都須同時變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。如：Li Lei told us that the teacher praised him today. We were told that Li Lei was praised by the teacher today. 有人告訴我們說今天李蕾受至U 了老師的表揚。主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的易錯點含有雙賓語的主動句變被動句時

13、，可分別將其中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個不動，但變間接賓語為主語的情況較多。主動：Tom gave me a present on my birthday.我生日那天湯姆送我一 件禮物。被動：I was given a present by Tom on my birthday. A present was give n to me yesterday.注意：如果把直接賓語（指物）改為主語，則在間接賓語（指人） 前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。1. 在下列動詞后，通常在間接賓語前用介詞to: bri ng, give, ha nd, le nd, offer, pass, sell, show, take!

14、tell 等。2. 在下列動詞后，一般在間接賓語前用介詞for: build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。 主動：Mother made me a new skirt.母親給我做了件襯衣。被動： A new skirt was made for me.3. 由于某些動詞與介詞有習(xí)慣搭配，既不用 to也不用for,而用別的 介詞。如：People all over the world know the Great Wall. 世界上的人都知道長

15、 城。The Great Wall is known to people all over the world.（不用 by 短語）4. 有時用間接賓語作主語講不通或不習(xí)慣，必須用直接賓語作主語。女口： Tom wrote me a letter誤：I was written a letter by Tom.正：A letter was written to me by Tom. 類似的動詞還有： retur n, send, pass, hand, sell, teac等。含復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓補）的主動句改為被動句 時，一般把主動句 中的賓語改為主語，而賓語補足語保留在謂語動詞后面成為主語

16、補足語。如：We always keep the classroom clea n我們總是保持教室清潔。The classroom is always kept clea n.教室總是保持清潔的。They asked me to help them.他們叫我?guī)椭麄?。I was asked to help them.我被他們叫去幫忙了。We saw them playi ng football.我們看到他們在踢足球。They were seen playi ng football.他們被人看見在踢足球。注意:1. 在 see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, l

17、ook at, make, feel等動詞后作 賓語補足語的動詞不定式都不帶to,但改成被動語態(tài)后要加上to。We ofte n hear her sing.我們經(jīng)常聽到她唱歌She is often heard to si ng.經(jīng)常有人聽到她唱歌。2. 如果賓語補足語是名詞，變被動句時，不要誤把賓語補足語的名詞作主語。女口：We called him an ass.我們叫他傻瓜。誤： As ass was called him. 正: He was called an ass.短語動詞的被動語態(tài)(1) “動詞+介詞/副詞”構(gòu)成的短語動詞，變成被動語態(tài)時，要把它們作為整體看待，介詞或副詞不可

18、拆開或漏掉。女口：The patie nt is being operated on.病人正在動手術(shù)。His request was turned dow n.他的要求遭到拒絕。注：這類短語動詞常見的還有 agree to, ask for, laugh at, listen to, look after, thi nk of, talk about, call on 等。常用的由“及物動詞+副詞”構(gòu)成的短語動詞有bri ng about, carry out,find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away,

19、 put on, put off, take off, thi nk over, work out, tur n out, sell out, use up look up (查詢)(2) “動詞+副詞+介詞”構(gòu)成的短語動詞，變成變動語態(tài)時，要把它們作為一個整體看待。如：(3) The poor were looked dow n upo n the n.那時窮人被人瞧不起。Hewas looked up to by every one他被人們所敬仰。注: 這類短語動詞還有: get out of, look out of, get on with, get along with, catch

20、 up with, keep up with 等。3. “動詞+名詞+介詞”構(gòu)成的短語動動詞，變被動語態(tài)時，既可將短語動詞后的賓語作為被動句的主語，也可將短語動詞中的名詞作為被動句的主語。如：4. You must pay attention to your pronunciation.你必須注意你的發(fā) 音。5. Your pronunciation must be paid attention to.Atte ntio n must be paid to your pronun ciatio n.注：這類短語動詞常見的還有 catch sight of, make use of, make

21、fun of, make frie nds with, set fire to, take care of, take hold of, take part in, take no tice of, keep an eye on等。當(dāng)主動句的主語是nobody, no one等含有否定意義的復(fù)合不定代 詞時，被動句中將其變?yōu)閍nybody，作by的賓語，并將謂語動詞 變?yōu)榉穸ǖ谋粍诱Z態(tài)。如：Nobody can lift this sto ne.誰也拿不起這塊石頭。誤：The stone can be lifted by nobody.正: The stone can not be lifte

22、d by anybody.當(dāng)否定句中的賓語是anything, anybody, anyone等不定代詞時，在 被動句中應(yīng)將其分別變?yōu)?nothing, nobody, no one作主語，并將謂 語動詞變?yōu)榭隙ǖ谋粍诱Z態(tài)。如：They haven'done anything to make the river clean.誤： Anything hasn'been done to make the river clean.正： Noth ing has bee n done to make the river clea n.以who為主語開頭的疑問句，變被動時，用by who

23、m放在句首：Who wrote this novel?這部小說是誰寫的？誤： Who was this novel written by?正： By whom was this no vel writte n?主動句中完成進行時態(tài)時，相應(yīng)的被動句變?yōu)橥瓿蓵r態(tài)。女口：He has been using this dictionary for ten years.這本詞典他用了十年了。This dicti onary has bee n used for ten years.6否定句的被動語態(tài)中，n ot放在第一個助動詞后。I should not be blamed by you.被）You should not blame me.主）你不應(yīng)該責(zé)怪我。You should not write this letter.（主） This letter should not be w