云南省師范大學附屬中學2021屆高三英語熱身考試試題（含解析）

1、云南省師范大學附屬中學2021屆高三英語熱身考試試題（含解析）注意事項：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必用黑色碳素筆將自己的姓名、準考證號、考場號、座位號在答題卡上填寫清楚。2.每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再 選涂其他答案標號。在試題卷上作答無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，請將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。滿分120分，考試用時100分鐘。第一部分 閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分） 第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AAround the world, there are hundreds

2、 of cities with brightly coloured streets and incredible graffiti that help to bring the streets alive. Here are some of the most colourful streets in the world to add to your list of places to visit.El Caminito, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaWithin the La Boca neighbourhood of Buenos Aires lies El Caminit

3、o Street. This small but colourful street has rows of homes and businesses painted in every colour imaginable. And the pretty turquoise (青綠色) and yellow pavements make the street even more beautiful. Home to cafes and shops, this street is typically a hot spot for tourists.Rainbow Row, Charleston, A

4、mericaMany people claim that if you don't visit Rainbow Row then you haven't really been to Charleston at all. The row of 13 houses, painted in pretty pale soft colours including baby blue, soft pink, lemon yellow, and green, are private houses that date back to the 1700s. Just around the co

5、rner in the same neighbourhood, you'll find small ice cream shops, coffee shops, and independently owned stores to do some window shopping for a fun girl's getaway weekend.Old Town Colmar, FranceOne of the most colourful areas in France is Old Town Colmar, a little village often referred to

6、as the Little Venice of France with a history of over 1,100 years. The canal running through the center of the village is surrounded by half-wood houses of different colours. The village takes special care of the flowers that line the canal, which add to its collection of vibrant hues (鮮艷的色調(diào)).Nyhavn

7、, Copenhagen, DenmarkThe harbour district of Copenhagen is one of the country's most popular tourist attractions, with good reason the colourful street is only outdone by the views of the boats on the harbour. Nyhavn is home to traditional homes painted in bright colours; some have been changed

8、into cafes and shops.1. Which street has colourful ground?A. Old Town Colmar.B. El Caminito.C. Rainbow Row.D. Nyhavn.2. Why is Old Town Colmar regarded as the Little Venice of France?A. For the canal flowing through the village.B. For the vibrant hues added to the view.C. For the houses in pretty pa

9、le soft colours.D. For the flowers decorating the canal.3. What fascinates tourists most in the harbour district of Copenhagen?A. The pretty colorful street.B. The beautiful private houses.C. The attractive cafes and shops.D. The charming boat scene.【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D【解析】【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了世界上最美的四條街道。

10、【1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“Within the La Boca neighbourhood of Buenos Aires lies El Caminito Street. This small but colourful street has rows of homes and businesses painted in every colour imaginable. And the pretty turquoise (青綠色) and yellow pavements make the street even more beautiful. (在布宜諾斯艾利斯的拉博卡街區(qū)內(nèi)，

11、坐落著El Caminito街道。這條小而色彩斑斕的街道上，一排排的房屋和企業(yè)被漆成了難以想象各種各樣的顏色。還有漂亮的綠松石和黃色人行道使街道更加美麗。)”可知，漂亮的青綠色和黃色的路面使El Caminito街道更加美麗，由此可知El Caminito街道有五顏六色的地面。故選B項。【2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的“The canal running through the center of the village is surrounded by half-wood houses of different colours. (穿過村莊中心的運河被不同顏色的半木房子包圍著。)”可知，

12、Old Town Colmar被譽為法國的小威尼斯是因為有運河穿越其中。故選A項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由最后一段中的“The harbour district of Copenhagen is one of the country's most popular tourist attractions, with good reason the colourful street is only outdone by the views of the boats on the harbour. (哥本哈根海港區(qū)是該國最受歡迎的旅游景點之一，這是有充分理由的這條五彩繽紛的街道被港口上船只

13、的景色超越。)”可知，這條五彩繽紛的街道被海邊船只的景色所超越，由此可知，哥本哈根海港區(qū)最吸引游客的是迷人的船景。故選D項。BCharles Brooks of Newark, New Jersey patented the street sweeper truck on March 17th, 1896. He patented a ticket punch(剪票鉗) design too that avoided ticket litter thrown away here and there. Little can be known about him other than that h

14、e was a black man.Horses and oxen were the main means of transportation in Brooks's timewhere there are animals, there is manure(糞肥).So there were piles of manure that needed removing regularly. The task of street sweeping was not carried out by machines, but workers sweeping garbage with a broo

15、m into a container. This method clearly required a lot of labor, although it did provide employment.That changed when mechanical street sweepers were invented by Joseph Whitworth in England and C. S. Bishop in the USA, which were still drawn by horses as Bishop's design was dragged behind horses

16、. Later Brooks made some changesa truck with revolving brushes that swept the litter into a hopper(漏斗). The revolving brushes were attached to the front part of the truck and could be replaced by scrapers for snow removal in winter.Brooks also designed an improved container for sorting garbage as we

17、ll as a wheel drive for the automatic turning of the brushes and for powering a lifting mechanism for the scrapers. It's not known whether his design was produced and marketed. The patent number 556711 was issued on March 17tn, 1896. The motor-driven pickup street sweeper was later developed by

18、John M. Murphy for the Elgin Sweeper Company, which first appeared in 1913.4. Why was much labor involved in street sweeping in Brooks' time?A. Because manure needed clearing at times.B. Because workers took it to support their families.C. Because it was done by hand.D. Because there was much ti

19、cket litter on the streets.5. How did the Brooks' street sweeper differ from those invented by Whitworth and Bishop?A. It was pulled by a horse.B. It offered more working opportunities.C. It could do a timely cleanup of manure.D. It was fixed to the front of a truck.6. What can be concluded from

20、 the passage?A. The street sweeper kept being improved.B. Brooks invented the first street sweeper.C. Murphy patented his street sweeper in 1913.D. Brooks profited from his new design.7. Which of the following can best describe Brooks according to the text?A. Conservative.B. Creative.C. Cooperative.

21、D. Curious.【答案】4. C 5. D 6. A 7. B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了街道清潔車的發(fā)明和改進?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句“The task of street sweeping was not carried out by machines, but workers sweeping garbage with a broom into a container. This method clearly required a lot of labor”可知，清掃街道的任務(wù)不是由機器完成的，而是工人們用掃帚把垃圾掃進容器里，這種方法顯然需要大量

22、的勞動力。故選C項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容，尤其是最后一句“The revolving brushes were attached to the front part of the truck and could be replaced by scrapers for snow removal in winter.(旋轉(zhuǎn)刷安裝在卡車的前部，冬天可以用刮雪機代替)”可知，英國的Joseph Whitworth 和美國的C. S. Bishop發(fā)明的機械街道清潔機是由馬拉的，后來Brooks做了一些改變 一輛帶有旋轉(zhuǎn)刷子的卡車把垃圾掃進漏斗。旋轉(zhuǎn)刷子連接在卡車的前部，冬天可以換成刮

23、雪刀來除雪。所以Brooks發(fā)明的街道清掃機和Joseph Whitworth 及C. S. Bishop的不同之處是旋轉(zhuǎn)刷安裝在卡車的前面。故選D項。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“mechanical street sweepers were invented by Joseph Whitworth in England and C. S. Bishop in the USA”及“Later Brooks made some changes”可知，馬拉機械街道清潔機最早由英國的Joseph Whitworth和美國的C. S. Bishop發(fā)明，后來Brook做了很多改變；結(jié)合最后一

24、段的“Brooks also designed an improved container.”及“The motor-driven pickup street sweeper was later developed by John M. Murphy”可知，Brooks還設(shè)計了一個改進的容器為垃圾分類，以及車輪驅(qū)動的自動轉(zhuǎn)動刷和刮刀的升降裝置，再后來 John M. Murphy開發(fā)了電動街道清潔車。由此可知，街道清潔車的出現(xiàn)是一個不斷改進的過程。故選A項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，結(jié)合第一段中“He patented a ticket punch(剪票鉗) design.”、第三

25、段中“Later Brooks made some changes.”及最后一段中“Brooks also designed an improved container.”可知，Brooks不僅因不斷改進街道清潔車而獲得專利，還發(fā)明了剪票鉗，是一個“有創(chuàng)造力的”人。故選B項。CThe five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope(FAST) the only significant instrument of its kind after the fall of the American Arecibo telescope in Puerto

26、Rico in December, 2020 officially opened its door for foreign astronomers to use on March 31st this year, hoping to attract the world's top scientific talents. The world's largest radio telescope signals China's ambition as a global center for scientific research.The FAST in Pingtang, Gu

27、izhou Province, travels twice as fast as the US-owned one, and up to three times more sensitive. The FAST is also superior to Arecibo for it can deform and rotate. Work on the FAST began in 2011 and started full operations in January, 2020. The data being collected by FAST should allow for a better

28、understanding of the origins of the universe and aid in searching for alien life.China has been rapidly strengthening its development of science and technology to rely less on foreign technology. In the past two decades, China has built the largest high-speed train network in the world, finalized it

29、s Beidou geolocation system and is now in the process of bringing lunar samples back to Earth.Denis Simon, an expert on Chinese science policy, said, “China was viewed to be slow in innovation only a few years ago. Improvements in scientific innovation have been rapid recently. With more and more fr

30、eedom given to the scientific and engineering community to explore new ideas and take bigger risks in the research environment, the risk-off culture in the past has given way to a more enterprise-starting culture.”8. What can be learned about FAST?A. It is ready to greet international scientists.B.

31、It has been running for two decades.C. It is the only telescope to study outer space.D. It keeps our contact with aliens.9. How does the writer highlight the advantages of FAST?A. By example.B. By explanation.C. By analysis.D. By comparison.10. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?A. China's depende

32、nce on foreign technology.B. Some achievements of China in science and technology.C. The joint efforts of scientists at home and abroad.D. The significant role of FAST.11. What is the key to the scientific innovations according to the text?A. The urgent call for policy flexibility.B. The traditional

33、 culture of avoiding risks.C The less limitation on exploration.D. The strong desire to develop technology.【答案】8. A 9. D 10. B 11. C【解析】【分析】這是一篇新聞報道。報道了“中國天眼”于今年3月31日正式對外國天文學家開放和中國近二十年取得的科技成就及其原因?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“The five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope(FAST) the only significant instru

34、ment of its kind after the fall of the American Arecibo telescope in Puerto Rico in December, 2020 officially opened its door for foreign astronomers to use on March 31st this year, hoping to attract the world's top scientific talents. (五百米口徑球面望遠鏡（FAST）2020年12月美國阿雷西博望遠鏡在波多黎各倒下后唯一的重要儀器于今年3月31日正式向

35、外國天文學家開放使用，希望能吸引世界頂級科學人才)”可知，F(xiàn)AST已經(jīng)準備好迎接國際科學家。故選 A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“The FAST in Pingtang, Guizhou Province, travels twice as fast as the US-owned one, and up to three times more sensitive. The FAST is also superior to Arecibo for it can deform and rotate.(貴州省平塘市FAST的運行速度是美國的兩倍，靈敏度也高于美國三倍。FAST優(yōu)于Are

36、cibo因為它可以變形和旋轉(zhuǎn))”可推知，作者通過和美國的 Arecibo 望遠鏡做對比來體現(xiàn)“中國天眼”的優(yōu)勢。故選 D。【10題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“China has been rapidly strengthening its development of science and technology to rely less on foreign technology. In the past two decades, China has built the largest high-speed train network in the world, finalised its

37、 Beidou geolocation system and is now in the process of bringing lunar samples back to Earth.(中國已迅速加強科學技術(shù)的發(fā)展，減少對國外技術(shù)的依賴。在過去20年里，中國建成了世界上最大的高鐵網(wǎng)絡(luò)，完成了北斗地理定位系統(tǒng)，目前正在將月球樣本帶回地球)”可知，第三段主要講了中國近年來的科技成就。故選 B?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“With more and more freedom given to the scientific and engineering community to ex

38、plore new ideas and take bigger risks in the research environment, the risk-off culture in the past has given way to a more enterprise-starting culture.(隨著科學和工程領(lǐng)域被賦予越來越多的自由，在研究環(huán)境中探索新想法和承擔更大的風險，過去的風險規(guī)避文化已經(jīng)讓位于更多的創(chuàng)業(yè)文化)”可知，科學創(chuàng)新的關(guān)鍵是對勘探更少的限制。故選 C。DBears do it. Bats do it. Even European hedgehogs do it. An

39、d now it turns out that early human beings may also have been at it. They hibernated - slept through winter, according to fossil experts.Evidence from the bones found at one of the world's most important fossil sites suggests that our primitive ancestors may have dealt with extreme cold hundreds

40、 of thousands of years ago by hibernating.The conclusion is based on excavations in a cave called Sima de los Huesothe pit(坑) of bonesat Atapuerca, in northern Spain. The fossils date back more than 400,000 years and were probably from early Neanderthals or their ancestors.In a paper published in th

41、e journal L'Anthropologie Juan-Luis Arsuaga and Antonis Bartsiokas argue that the fossils found there show seasonal variations that suggest that bone growth was interrupted for several months of each year.The pattern of lesions(病變) found in the human bones at the Sima cave are consistent with th

42、at found in bones of hibernating mammals, including cave bears. "A strategy of hibernation would have been the only solution for them to survive having to spend months in a cave due to the chilly conditions," the authors state.They examine several opposite arguments. Modern Inuit and Sami

43、peoplealthough living in equally harsh, cold conditionsdo not hibernate. So why did the people in the Sima cave do it?The answer, say Arsuaga and Bartsiokas, is that fatty fish and reindeer fat provide Inuit and Sami people with food during winter and so preclude the need for them to hibernate. In c

44、ontrast, the area around the Sima site half a million years ago would not have provided anything like enough food.12. Why are bears and bats taken as an example?A. To arouse readers' curiosity about the animals' fossils.B. To lead to the similarity between early humans and them.C. To make th

45、e conclusion of the fossil experts reasonable.D To prove our primitive ancestors hibernated.13. What do we know about the people in the Sima cave?A. Their bone pattern was similar to that of cave bears.B. They lived in a more freezing area than Sami people.C. They might have hibernated to avoid the

46、cold.D. Their life was threatened by other mammals in winter.14. What does the underlined part "preclude the need" mean in the last paragraph?A It's unsuitable.B. It's helpful.C. It's important.D. It's unnecessary.15. What is the best title for the passage?A. Hibernating to

47、 Survive WinterB. Adapting to Seasonal ChangeC. Disturbance to Bone Growth in WinterD. Fish and Fat to Help Live【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項考古學家的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)遠古的人類可能真的通過冬眠來度過漫漫寒冬。【12題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“And now it turns out that early human beings may also have been at it. They hibernatedsl

48、ept through winter, according to fossil experts.(現(xiàn)在發(fā)現(xiàn)早期的人類也可能有過類似的經(jīng)歷。根據(jù)化石專家的說法，他們冬眠整個冬天都睡覺度過)”可推知，開頭提到熊和蝙蝠是為了導入“冬眠”這一話題，即遠古人類和這些動物的共性。故選B項。【13題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Evidence from the bones found at one of the world's most important fossil sites suggests that our primitive ancestors may have dealt with

49、extreme cold hundreds of thousands of years ago by hibernating.(在世界上最重要的化石遺址之一發(fā)現(xiàn)的骨骼證據(jù)表明，我們的原始祖先可能通過冬眠來應(yīng)對數(shù)十萬年前的極端寒冷)”及第三段“The conclusion is based on excavations in a cave called Sima de los Hueso(這一結(jié)論是基于對一個名為Sima de los Hueso的洞穴的挖掘)”可知，Sima洞穴人可能通過冬眠來抵御寒冷。故選C項。【14題詳解】短語猜測題。根據(jù)第六段“Modern Inuit and Sami

50、peoplealthough living in equally harsh, cold conditionsdo not hibernate. So why did the people in the Sima cave do it?”可知，現(xiàn)代因紐特人和薩米人雖然生活在同樣惡劣、寒冷的條件下，但并不冬眠。那么，Sima 洞穴人為什么會這么做呢？結(jié)合最后一段第一句“The answer, say Arsuaga and Bartsiokas, is that fatty fish and reindeer fat provide Inuit and Sami people with food

51、 during winter”可知，Arsuaga和Bartsiokas說，答案是，高脂肪的魚和馴鹿脂肪在冬天為因紐特人和薩米人提供了食物，因此排除了他們冬眠的需要，由此可推斷出劃線短語所在句“so preclude the need for them to hibernate”意為“對于他們而言，冬眠就沒有必要了”，即劃線詞意為“冬眠是沒有必要的”。故選D項?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，結(jié)合第一段中“And now it turns out that early human beings may also have been at it. They hibernatedslept

52、 through winter, according to fossil experts.( 現(xiàn)在發(fā)現(xiàn)早期的人類也可能有過類似的經(jīng)歷。根據(jù)化石專家的說法，他們冬眠整個冬天都睡覺度過)”可知，本文介紹了一項考古專家的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)遠古的人類可能真的通過冬眠來度過漫漫寒冬。因此標題應(yīng)該選擇A項“冬眠以度過冬天”。故選 A項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Many years ago I went on vacation for a week in Mexico. Arriving at the resort,

53、I decided to try every activity it offered at least once, no matter what it was.It was a really enjoyable vacation, but one thing really surprised me. _16_ If they couldn't be confident in an activity, they chose not to try it for fear of embarrassing themselves.I want to relate this to life bec

54、ause we're here to get the most enjoyment out of life. When we do, life can truly be an adventure to enjoy. _17_ Life for them becomes something to fear, something that they're just not willing to try because of others' comments, or because they are afraid to embarrass themselves._18_ Wh

55、en we feel it, we are less likely to try that new activity or to fully explore our world. We start to get the idea of staying in our lanes and sticking with what we're best at. _19_Think of life in this way：Life is like a week's vacation at a resort. And there are thousands of things we can

56、try, metaphorically（隱喻地）living on Earth. _20_ It can be hard, but if we are able to overcome our fear, we may discover that we are at a resort of a lifetime and it's called life on Planet Earth.A. There're some things people are rather good at, but others that they're not.B. Many people

57、participated in only one or two activities in the whole vacation.C. However, that isn't true for many people.D. Life is an awkward experience to everyone.E. The disapproval of others can have a lot of power over us.F. Life really is a beautiful adventure if we are willing to try new things.G. We

58、 never allow ourselves to be seen as not skilled at the things we do.【答案】16. B 17. C 18. E 19. G 20. F【解析】【分析】本文是議論文。作者通過自己的一場旅行經(jīng)歷告訴我們：別太在乎他人的評論和質(zhì)疑；勇敢嘗試新事物、欣然接受生活帶給我們的新體驗。16題詳解】結(jié)合上文“It was a really enjoyable vacation, but one thing really surprised me.（這是一個非常愉快的假期，但有一件事讓我非常驚訝）”可推斷，下文將會解釋或說明這種讓作者感到驚訝

59、的事；結(jié)合下文“If they couldn't be confident in an activity, they chose not to try it for fear of embarrassing themselves.（如果他們對某項活動沒有信心，他們會選擇不去嘗試，以免讓自己難堪）”中的代詞“they”可知，設(shè)空處有表示“他們”的表達方式；選項B“Many people participated in only one or two activities in the whole vacation.（許多人在整個假期里只參加了一兩項活動）”解釋了這一讓作者驚訝的事情的具體內(nèi)容，且句中的“Many people”與下文的“they”相對應(yīng)。故選 B選項?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“I want