外文翻譯外文文獻(xiàn)英文文獻(xiàn)國(guó)內(nèi)混合動(dòng)力汽車發(fā)展

1、China Hybrid Electric Vehicle DevelopmentWith the depletion of oil resources, increase awareness of environmental protection, hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles will become the first decades of the new century, the development of mainstream cars and automobile industry become the consensusof all

2、of the industry. The Chinese government also has the National High Technology Research and Development Program (863 Program) specifically listed, including hybrid vehicles, including electric cars of major projects. At present, China's independent innovation of new energy vehicles in the process

3、, adhere to the government support to core technology, key components and system integration focusing on the principles established in hybrid electric vehicles, pure electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles as a "three vertical "To vehicle control systems, motor drive systems, power battery /

4、 fuel cell for the "three horizontal" distribution of R & D, through close links between production cooperation, China's independent innovation of hybrid cars has made significant progress.With completely independent intellectual property rights form the power system technology

5、 platform, established a hybrid electric vehicle technology development. Is the core of hybrid vehicles batteries (including battery management system) technology. In addition, also include engine technology, motor control, vehicle control technology, engine and electrical interface between the powe

6、r conversion and is also the key. From the current situation, China has established a hybrid electric vehicle power system through Cooperative R & D technology platforms and systems, made a series of breakthroughs for vehicle development has laid a solid foundation. As of January 31, 2009,Te

7、chnology in hybrid vehicles, China Intellectual Property Office to receive and open for the 1116 patent applications in China. In 1116 patent applications, invention 782 (authority for the 107), utility model for the 334.Mastered the entire vehicle key development, the formation of a capability to d

8、evelop various types of electric vehicles. Hybrid cars in China in systems integration, reliability, fuel economy and other aspects of the marked progress in achieving fuel economy of different technical solutions can be 10% -40%. Meanwhile, the hybrid vehicle automotive enterprises and industrial R

9、 & D investment significantly enhanced, accelerating the pace of industrialization. Currently, domestic automakers have hybrid vehicles as the next major competitive products in the strategic high priority, FAW, Dongfeng, SAIC Motor, Changan, Chery, BYD, etc. have put a lot of manpower, mate

10、rial resources,Hybrid prototyping has been completed, and some models have achieved low-volume market.FAW GroupDevelopment Goal: By 2012, the Group plans to build an annual capacity of 11,000 hybrid cars, hybrid bus production base of 1000.FAW Group since 1999 and a new energy vehicles for theoretic

11、al research and development work, and the development of a red car performance hybrid sample. "15" period, the FAW Group is committed to the national "863" major project in the "red card in series hybrid electric vehicle research and development" mission, officially beg

12、an the research and development of new energy vehicles. Beginning in 2006, FAW B70 in the Besturn, based on the technology for hybrid-based research, the original longitudinal into transverse engine assembly engine assembly, using a transverse engine and dual-motor hybrid technology. At the same tim

13、e,FAW also pay close attention to the engine, mechanical and electrical integration, transmission, vehicle control networks, vehicle control systems development, the current FAW hybrid electric car has achieved 42% fuel saving effect, reached the international advanced level.Jiefang CA6100HEV Hybrid

14、 Electric BusFAW "Liberation brand CA6100HEV Hybrid Electric Bus" project is a national "863" electric vehicle major projects funded project, with pure electric drive, the engine alone drives (and charge), the joint drive motor starts the engine, and sliding regenerative braking

15、5 kinds of basic operation. The power hybrid electric bus and economy to the leading level, 38% fuel economy than traditional buses, emissions reduced by 30%.Red Flag CA7180AE hybrid carsRed Flag hybrid cars CA7180AE according to the national "863 Plan" is the first in complete with indust

16、rial prospects of the car, it is built on the basis of red car with good performance and operational smoothness.Series which is a hybrid sedan, the luxury car ,0-100km acceleration time of 14s, fuel-efficient than traditional cars by about 50%, Euro 川 emission standard.Besturn B70 hybrid carsBesturn

17、 B70 Hybrid cars using petrol - electric hybrid approach. Dual motor power system programs, mixed degree of 40/103, is all mixed (Full-Hybrid, also known as re-mixed) configurations. Besturn B70 Hybrid cars are petrol version costs two to three times Besturn models, mass production will be gradually

18、 reduced after the costs, even if this hybrid version Besturn market, the price certainly higher than the existing Besturn models, but high the price of petrol will not exceed 30% version of Besturn models.SAICDevelopment Goals: 2010 launch in the mixed hybrid cars, plug-in 2012, SAIC strong mix of

19、cars and pure electric cars will be on the market.In the R & D on new energy vehicles, SAIC made clear to focus on hybrid, fuel cell for the direction, and speed up the development of alternative products. Hybrid vehicles, fuel cell vehicles, alternative fuel vehicles as a new energy strateg

20、y SAIC three key.2010 SAIC Roewe 750 hybrid cars in the mix will be put on the market, during the World Expo in Shanghai, SAIC will put 150 hybrid cars in the Expo Line on the River Run. 2012 Roewe 550 plug-in hybrid cars will be strong market, the current car's power system has been launched ea

21、rly development and progress.Apply the new hybrid bus moving on the 1stApply the new hybrid bus moving on the 1st Academy of Engineering by the SAIC and Shanghai Jiaotong University and other units jointly developed with independent intellectual property rights. Existing cities in the Sunwin Bus Pow

22、er platform, "the new dynamic application No. 1" uses a parallel hybrid electric vehicle drive program, so that hybrid electric vehicle operating conditions in the electric air-conditioning, steering, braking and other accessoriesstill able to work without additional electric system, while

23、 use of super capacitors, to improve starting power, braking energy recovery efficiency, thereby enhancing vehicle dynamic performance, reduce fuel consumption. Car length 10m, width 2.5m, high-3.2m, can accommodate 76 people.Roewe 750 hybrid carsRoewe 750 hybrid cars in the mixed system with BSG (B

24、elt drive start generating one machine), with "smart stop zero-emission" and "environmental protection and the power of both the" two prominent features of a top speed of 205 km / h, the maximum added driving range of up to 500 km. As for the industrialization of SAIC's first

25、 own-brand hybrid car, the Roewe 750 hybrid integrated hybrid fuel-efficient cars can achieve rates of around 20%.Dongfeng Motor GroupDevelopment Goals: Plans move into 33 billion in 10 years to develop a range of environmentally friendly hybrid vehicles, including cars.EQ7200HEV hybrid carsEQ7200HE

26、V hybrid cars are "863" project of major projects and major strategic projects of Dongfeng Motor Corporation. The car is EQ7200-U model (Fengshen Bluebird cars) is based on an electronically controlled automatic transmission with innovative electromechanical coupling in parallel programs,

27、configure DC brushless motor and nickel-hydrogen batteries, plans to "10 5 "during the industrialization. In dustrializatio n, the vehicle cost more tha n EQ7200 cars in crease in costW 30%.EQ61100HEV Hybrid Electric BusEQ61100HEV electric hybrid bus by Dongfeng Vehicle Company Limited Joi

28、nt Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China Textile Co., Ltd. and Hunan sharp Electromechanical Technology Co., Ltd. jointly developed Shenzhou. EQ61100HEV hybrid electric bus with switched reluctance motor, Cummins ISBe1504 cylinder common rail electronic injection diesel engine, new chassis des

29、ign of the system, electronically controlled automatic transmission and innovative electromechanical coupling parallel program. In the annual output reached 200, the vehicle cost more tha n the in crease in automobile engine equipped with 6CTW 30%.China ChanganDevelopment Goals: the next three years

30、, the formation of different grades, different purposes, carry a different system of mixed platforms, weak mix of scale, strong mixed industrial R & D capabilities, covering commercial, A grade, B grade, C grade products. 2014 will achieve sales of new energy vehicles 150 000 2020 sales of n

31、ew energy vehicles for more than 500,000."Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, Chang-an increased investment in clean energy vehicles, a diversified energy technologies to carry out exploratory research. Environmental protection through energy-saving models continues to introduce new technolog

32、y to lead the industry to upgrade and fully utilize and mobilize global resources,Chang'an in the middle hybrid cars, hybrid cars and other technological strength of the field are explored. Chang's first hybrid car long Anjie Xun HEV was successfully listed in June 2009; the first batch of 2

33、0 hybrid taxis Long An Zhixiang in January of this year officially put into operation in Chongqing.CheryDevelopment Goals: after 2010, more than half of Chery's products carry different levels of hybrid systems.From 2003 to 2008, mainly mixed with moderate Chery hybrid cars and energy saving sys

34、tem development, and industrialization; Chery in Wuhu, a taxi has been carried out on probation, fuel consumption will be reduced by 10% to 30% to reach Europe IV Standard. Since 2004, Chery hybrid cars mainly for the development of strong and industrialization. Chery hybrid car fuel consumption tar

35、get to reach 100 km 3 liters, to reach Europe and the United States emissions regulations.Chery A5BSGChery A5BSG is a weak parallel hybrid electric car, using fuel engines, electric engines complementary mode, the two different power sources in the car while driving to work together or separately, t

36、hrough this combination to achieve the least fuel consumption and exhaust emissions, in order to achieve fuel efficiency and environmental protection purposes. Compared with the conventional car, the car in urban conditions can save 10% -15% of fuel and reduce carbon dioxide emissions by about 12%,

37、while costs increased by only about 25% -30%.Chery A5ISGChery A5 ISG hybrid power system consists of "1.3L gasoline engine + 5-speed manual transmission +10 kW motor +144 V Ni-MH battery," the composition of the battery system used by the Johnson Controls developed "plug-in" nick

38、el metal hydride (Ni-MH), motor with permanent magnet synchronous motor and with the motor control system, inverter and DC / DC converters. The system enables the vehicle power to 1.6L displacement level and rate of 30% fuel savings and significantly reduce the emissions of Euro V standards.Cherry A

39、3ISGChery A3 ISG has 1.3L473F gasoline engine and equipped with 10KW motor. By gasoline engines and electric motors with torque overlay approach to dynamic mixed to provide the best vehicle power operating efficiency and energy saving environmental protection goals. Chery A3 ISG also has Stop_Restar

40、t the idling stop function such as flame start to start (BSG function), to reduce red light in the vehicle stopped or suspended when the fuel consumption and emissions expenses.FY 2BSGFY 2 BSG carry 1.5LSQR477F inline four-cylinder engine configuration BSG start / stop and so one electric motor, red

41、 light in the vehicle stopped the driver into the gap, it will automatically enter standby mode to turn off the engine, starting moments after the entry block automatically start the engine. FY 2 BSG vehicle average fuel consumption than the 1.5L petrol cars reduce about 5-10%, average fuel consumpt

42、ion can be reduced up to 15%.BYD AutoDevelopment Goal: to electric cars as a transitional mode, the electric car as the ultimate goal, the development of new energy cars BYD.BYD follow the "independent research and development, independent production, independent brand" development path, a

43、nd the "core technology, vertical integration" development strategy, as the transition to dual-mode electric vehicles, electric vehicles as the ultimate goal, the development of BYD new energy vehicles.國(guó)內(nèi)混合動(dòng)力汽車發(fā)展隨著石油資源的枯竭、人們環(huán)保意識(shí)的提高，混合動(dòng)力汽車及電動(dòng)汽車 將成為新世紀(jì)前幾十年汽車發(fā)展的主流，并成為我國(guó)汽車界所有業(yè)內(nèi)人士的共 識(shí)。我國(guó)政府也已經(jīng)在國(guó)

44、家高技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃 （863 計(jì)劃） 中專門開列了包括混 合動(dòng)力汽車在內(nèi)的電動(dòng)汽車重大專項(xiàng)。 目前，我國(guó)在新能源汽車的自主創(chuàng)新過(guò)程 中，堅(jiān)持了政府支持，以核心技術(shù)、關(guān)鍵部件和系統(tǒng)集成為重點(diǎn)的原則，確立了 以混合電動(dòng)汽車、純電動(dòng)汽車、燃料電池汽車為“三縱” ，以整車控制系統(tǒng)、電 機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)、動(dòng)力蓄電池 / 燃料電池為“三橫”的研發(fā)布局，通過(guò)產(chǎn)學(xué)研緊密合 作，我國(guó)混合動(dòng)力汽車的自主創(chuàng)新取得了重大進(jìn)展。形成了具有完全自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)技術(shù)平臺(tái)， 建立了混合動(dòng)力汽 車技術(shù)開發(fā)體系?；旌蟿?dòng)力汽車的核心是電池（包括電池管理系統(tǒng)）技術(shù)。除此 之外，還包括發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)技術(shù)、電機(jī)控制技術(shù)、整車控制技術(shù)等，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)

45、和電機(jī)之間 動(dòng)力的轉(zhuǎn)換和銜接也是重點(diǎn)。 從目前情況來(lái)看， 我國(guó)已經(jīng)建立起了混合動(dòng)力汽車 動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)技術(shù)平臺(tái)和產(chǎn)學(xué)研合作研發(fā)體系， 取得了一系列突破性成果， 為整車開 發(fā)奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。 截止到 2009年 1月 31日，在混合動(dòng)力車輛技術(shù)領(lǐng)域， 我 國(guó)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)局受理并公開的中國(guó)專利申請(qǐng)為 1116件。 在 1116件專利申請(qǐng)中， 發(fā)明為 782件（授權(quán)為 107件）、實(shí)用新型為 334 件。掌握了電動(dòng)汽車整車開發(fā)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，形成了各類電動(dòng)汽車的開發(fā)能 力。我國(guó)混合動(dòng)力汽車在系統(tǒng)集成、可靠性、節(jié)油性能等方面進(jìn)步顯著，不同技 術(shù)方案可實(shí)現(xiàn)節(jié)油 10%-40%。同時(shí)，各汽車企業(yè)對(duì)混合動(dòng)力汽車的研發(fā)和產(chǎn)

46、業(yè)化 投入顯著增強(qiáng)， 產(chǎn)業(yè)化步伐不斷加快。 目前，國(guó)內(nèi)汽車企業(yè)已將混合動(dòng)力汽車作 為未來(lái)主流競(jìng)爭(zhēng)型產(chǎn)品在戰(zhàn)略上高度重視，一汽、東風(fēng)、上汽、長(zhǎng)安、奇瑞、比 亞迪等都已投入了大量的人力、 物力，混合動(dòng)力車型已完成樣車開發(fā)， 并有部分 車型已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)小批量上市。汽集團(tuán)發(fā)展目標(biāo)：到 2012 年，該集團(tuán)計(jì)劃建成一個(gè)年生產(chǎn)能力為混合動(dòng)力轎 車 1.1 萬(wàn)輛、混合動(dòng)力客車 1000 輛的生產(chǎn)基地。一汽集團(tuán)從 1999 年開始進(jìn)行新能源汽車的理論研究和研制工作，并開 發(fā)了紅旗混合動(dòng)力轎車性能樣本。 “十五”期間，一汽集團(tuán)承擔(dān)了國(guó)家“ 863”計(jì) 劃重大專項(xiàng)中 “紅旗牌串聯(lián)方式混合動(dòng)力轎車研究開發(fā)” 任務(wù)，正式

47、開始了新能 源汽車的研發(fā)工作。從2006年開始，一汽在奔騰B70的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)行混合動(dòng)力 化的技術(shù)研究， 將原來(lái)的縱置發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)總成改成橫置發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)總成， 采用了橫置發(fā)動(dòng) 機(jī)及雙電機(jī)混聯(lián)技術(shù)。同時(shí)，一汽還抓緊了對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、機(jī)電一體化變速器、整車 控制網(wǎng)絡(luò)、整車控制系統(tǒng)的研發(fā)，目前一汽混合動(dòng)力轎車已經(jīng)取得了42的節(jié)油效果，達(dá)到了國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平。解放牌CA6100HE混合動(dòng)力城市客車一汽“解放牌CA6100HEV混合動(dòng)力城市客車”項(xiàng)目是國(guó)家“ 863”計(jì)劃 電動(dòng)汽車重大專項(xiàng)資助項(xiàng)目，具有純電動(dòng)驅(qū)動(dòng)、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)單獨(dú)驅(qū)動(dòng)（同時(shí)充電） 、 聯(lián)合驅(qū)動(dòng)、電機(jī)啟動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)， 以及滑行再生制動(dòng) 5 種基本工作模式。 該混合動(dòng)力

48、客車動(dòng)力性和經(jīng)濟(jì)性達(dá)到國(guó)內(nèi)領(lǐng)先水平，比傳統(tǒng)客車節(jié)油 38%，排放降低 30%。紅旗CA7180AE昆合動(dòng)力轎車紅旗牌混合動(dòng)力轎車CA7180AE1按國(guó)家“863”計(jì)劃在國(guó)內(nèi)率先完成的 具有產(chǎn)業(yè)化前景的轎車， 它建立在紅旗轎車的基礎(chǔ)上， 具有良好的性能和操作平 順性。該款串聯(lián)式的混合動(dòng)力轎車屬中、 高檔轎車，0-100km的加速時(shí)間為14s, 比傳統(tǒng)轎車節(jié)油約50%排放達(dá)歐川標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。奔騰B70混合動(dòng)力轎車奔騰B70混合動(dòng)力版轎車采用油-電混合方式。動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)采用雙電機(jī)方 案，混合度為 40/103，屬于全混合 （Full-Hybrid ，亦稱重混合 ） 構(gòu)型。奔騰 B70 混合動(dòng)力版轎車的成本是汽油

49、版奔騰車型的兩到三倍， 實(shí)現(xiàn)量產(chǎn)后成本會(huì)逐漸降 低，即使如此混合動(dòng)力版奔騰上市后， 售價(jià)肯定比現(xiàn)有奔騰車型高， 但高出的價(jià) 格不會(huì)超過(guò)汽油版奔騰車型的 30。上汽集團(tuán)發(fā)展目標(biāo)： 2010年推出中混混合動(dòng)力轎車， 2012年上汽插電式強(qiáng)混轎車和純電動(dòng)轎車將推向市場(chǎng)在新能源汽車的研發(fā)上， 上汽明確了以混合動(dòng)力為重點(diǎn)， 燃料電池為方 向，同時(shí)加快替代產(chǎn)品的研發(fā)?；旌蟿?dòng)力汽車、燃料電池汽車、代用燃料汽車成 為上汽集團(tuán)新能源戰(zhàn)略的三大重點(diǎn)。2010 年上汽榮威 750 中混混合動(dòng)力轎車將投放市場(chǎng)，在上海世博會(huì)期 間上汽將投放 150 輛混合動(dòng)力汽車在世博越江專線上運(yùn)行。 2012 年，榮威 550 插電

50、式強(qiáng)混轎車將上市， 目前該車的動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)前期開發(fā)已經(jīng)啟動(dòng)， 并且進(jìn)展順利。申新動(dòng)1號(hào)混合動(dòng)力客車申新動(dòng)1號(hào)混合動(dòng)力客車由上汽工程院與上海交通大學(xué)等單位聯(lián)合開 發(fā)，具有自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)。在申沃客車現(xiàn)有城市客車動(dòng)力平臺(tái)上，“申新動(dòng)1號(hào)”采用一種并聯(lián)式混合動(dòng)力電動(dòng)汽車驅(qū)動(dòng)方案， 使混合動(dòng)力電動(dòng)汽車在純電動(dòng)工況 下空調(diào)、轉(zhuǎn)向、 制動(dòng)等附件仍然能夠正常工作而無(wú)需另加電動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，同時(shí)利用超級(jí)電容，提高啟動(dòng)功率、制動(dòng)能量回收效率，從而提高整車動(dòng)力性能、降低燃油 消耗。車長(zhǎng)10m，寬2.5 m,高3.2 m,能容納76人。榮威 750 混合動(dòng)力轎車榮威750中混混合動(dòng)力轎車采用 BSG系統(tǒng)（皮帶傳動(dòng)的起動(dòng)發(fā)電一體 機(jī)），具備“智能停機(jī)零排放”和“環(huán)保與動(dòng)力性兼?zhèn)洹眱纱笸怀鎏攸c(diǎn)，最高時(shí) 速為 205 公里/ 小時(shí)，最大續(xù)駛里程達(dá) 500 公里。作為上汽首款面向產(chǎn)業(yè)化的自 主品牌混合動(dòng)力轎車，榮威 750中混混合動(dòng)力轎車可實(shí)現(xiàn)綜合節(jié)油率 20%左右。東風(fēng)集團(tuán)發(fā)展目標(biāo)：計(jì)劃動(dòng)投入 330億，用 10年時(shí)間來(lái)發(fā)展一系列包括混合動(dòng) 力汽車在內(nèi)的環(huán)保汽車。EQ7200HE混合動(dòng)力轎車EQ