基礎語法(十三)主謂一致和倒裝句

1、 世紀金榜 圓您夢想 （十三）主謂一致和倒裝句01 命題趨勢 考標導向化主謂一致是初中階段的重要語法項目之一，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在近幾年的中考試卷中?？疾橹攸c是主謂一致：語法一致原則、意義一致原則和就近一致原則，其中語法一致原則和就近一致原則是歷年的考查熱點。從命題形式來看，主要以單項選擇為主，在完形填空、句型轉換和翻譯句子中有時也會涉及此考點。02 定義 概念清晰化主謂一致是指謂語動詞與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。主謂一致必須遵循三個原則，即語法一致原則、意義一致原則、就近一致原則。語法一致原則是指主語和謂語在語法形式上保持一致，即主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，主語是復數(shù)形式，謂語也用復數(shù)形式。意

2、義一致原則是主語意義上的單復數(shù)要與謂語的單復數(shù)形式一致，即主語形式上為單數(shù)，但意義為復數(shù)，則謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式；若主語形式上為復數(shù)，但表示單數(shù)意義，則謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。就近一致原則也叫鄰近原則，是指謂語動詞的單、復數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的主語。03 知識歸類 知識網(wǎng)絡化語法一致原則分類圖解使用情況例句“不可數(shù)名詞、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)、單數(shù)代詞、不定式(短語)、動名詞(短語)、從句”等用作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。The girl is fond of singing.To protect the environment is our duty.Reading in the sun is bad fo

3、r our eyes.表示復數(shù)的名詞、代詞作主語，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。The students are having their math class.They have been to Qingdao twice.and連接主語時，如果該并列主語指的是兩個或兩個以上的人或事物，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式；如果該并列主語指的是“同一個人或事物”(即and后面的名詞前面沒有冠詞)，則謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。Eating vegetables and doing exercise are good for our health.The writer and teacher is coming.The wri

4、ter and the teacher are coming.bothand連接主語，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。Both Peter and Mike come from England.有些只有復數(shù)形式的名詞(如glasses, shorts, trousers, jeans, shoes, clothes, gloves等)作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。Jacks glasses are broken.Lindas shoes are black and blue.“a number of +復數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式；“the number of+復數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式

5、。A number of trees have been planted.The number of the men teachers in our school is more than 120.不定代詞another, each one, either, neither, the other, somebody, someone, something, nobody, everybody, everyone, everything, nothing, anybody, anything, anyone, no one等作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Is everyone here?Some

6、thing is wrong with my computer.I called last night,but nobody was in.主語后面跟with, along with, like, except, besides, as well as, together with, including, no less than, rather than, as much as等詞或短語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)與主語保持一致Mei Mei,with her parents,often goes to the park on Sunday.A teacher,together with some st

7、udents,is standing at the gate.主語前面有表示“單位、度量”的短語如“a kind (sort/ type/ form/ pair/ cup/ glass/ piece/ load/ block/ box/ handful/ quantity/ ton/ metre/)of”等時，表示“單位、度量”的這個名詞的單復數(shù)決定謂語的單復數(shù)形式。This kind of car is made in China.Large quantities of water are needed.“分數(shù)或百分數(shù) + 名詞”作主語或“a lot oflots of, plenty of

8、, most of + 名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞的單、復數(shù)形式取決于名詞。若名詞是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或者是不可數(shù)名詞，則謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；若名詞是可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)，則謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。Two thirds of the work has been finished.Most of the books are written in English.特例清單1.what從句作主語時 ，如果表示的是單數(shù)意義，則謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；如果表示的是復數(shù)意義，則謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。如：What we need is time.我們需要的是時間。What she needs are good books.她需要的是

9、一些好書。2.and連接并列主語，若前面有each,every,many a,no等詞修飾時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。如：Each boy and each girl has got a present.每個男孩和女孩都收到了一份禮物?！绢}組訓練】( )1.(2014·黔東南)Climbing hills _ good for our health.A.are B.is C.was D.were( )2.(2014·咸寧)What are you going to do this weekend?I together with my classmates _ going t

10、o climb Mount Qian.A.is B.am C.are D.Were( )3.(2014·達州)I called you at 5:00 yesterday afternoon，but no one answered.Sorry，I with my parents_ at that time.A.was shopping B.were shoppingC.are shopping D.went shopping( )4.(2014·孝感)A number of volunteers _ from far away cities.A.is B.areC.is c

11、ome D.arc come( )5.(2014·白銀)The zoo keeper is worried because the number of visitors _ smaller and smaller.A.become B.are becomingC.is becoming D.have become意義一致原則分類圖解使用情況例句使用情況例句有些集體名詞如crowd,family, team, group, government, class, staff, public等，它們作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)具體語境而定：若它們表示一個集體單位，則動詞用單數(shù)形式；若表示集

12、體中的成員，則謂語用復數(shù)形式。His family isnt large.His family are fond of watching sports programs.有些集合名詞如people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽)等，形式上是單數(shù)，而意義上卻表示復數(shù)，因此謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式；有些名詞如news, means, works, physics, politics, maths等，形式上是復數(shù)，而意義上卻表示單數(shù)，因此謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。The police are searching for the murder.Physics is really diff

13、icult for me“the + 某些形容詞”可以表示一類人，作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。The young are energetic.某些代詞或短語如half(of),plenty (of),the rest(of),(a)part(of)等作主語時，謂語動詞應視其“具體所指”即所修飾的名詞來決定單、復數(shù)。Half of the work has been finished.Half of the workers have finished their work ahead of time.表示重量、度量、時間、長度、價格、數(shù)學運算等的詞或短語作主語時，通常視為一個整體，謂語動詞用單

14、數(shù)形式。Two pounds isnt so heavy.Two months is a long holiday.Ten yuan is enough.Ten minus five is five.特例清單1.某些以s結尾的地理名稱，如果是國名，如the United States，the Netherlands等，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；如果是群島、山脈、海峽、瀑布等地理名稱作主語，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。如：The United States is a developed country.美國是一個發(fā)達的國家。The Niagara Falls are perhaps the most sple

15、ndid waterfall in the world.尼亞加拉大瀑布或許是世界上最壯觀的瀑布。2.none如果指量，動詞用單數(shù)；若用來指數(shù)目，與可數(shù)名詞連用，謂語動詞用單、復數(shù)形式皆可；none如果代指不可數(shù)名詞，則謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：None of the money belongs to me.沒有一分錢是屬于我的。None of the students has/have been to Egypt in our class.我們班沒有一個學生去過埃及。3.“all/most/half/the rest of+名詞”作主語，謂語動詞與of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致。如：Most of he

16、r money is spent on clothes.她的大部分錢被花在衣服上了。Half of the students watch TV twice a week.一半的學生一周看兩次電視?！绢}組訓練】( )6.(2014·廣東)Do you need more time to complete the task?Yes.Another ten days _ enough.A.is B.was C.are D.were( )7.(2014·宜賓)Look! The police _ the food onto the bank of the river.A.am ca

17、rrying B.is carryingC.are carrying D.are carried( )8.(2013·廣安)Maths _ my favorite subject.What about you?Physics _.I think its very interesting.A.is;is B.are;are C.are;is( )9.(2012·佛山)Thanks to the organization，some money _ given to the poor children.A.was B.were C.are( )10.(2012·自貢)H

18、ow soon can you finish this job?Two days _ enough for me to finish the work.I need a week.A.isnt B.arent C.is就近一致原則分類圖解使用情況例句由or, eitheror, nor, neithernor,whetheror,notbut,not onlybut also等連詞連接并列主語時，謂語動詞必須與它相鄰的主語保持一致Neither you nor he is wrong.Not only Jim but also his friends are enjoying the film

19、.Here/there be句型中句子的主語在be之后，系動詞必須與它相鄰的主語保持一致。Here are some books and paper for you.There is an orange and two apples on the plate.【題組訓練】( )11.(2014·廣安)Neither Tony nor I _ interested in playing Weibo.You are out.A.am B.is C.are( )12.(2014·白銀)There _ great changes in such kind of PDAs(掌上電腦)

20、in the last few years.A.has been B.have beenC.has had D.have had( )13.(2014·濟寧)Across from my home，_ a shop which sells things from foreign countries.A.it is B.it hasC.there is D.that is( )14.(2014·重慶)There _ lots of sheep and pigs on my uncles farm now.A.was B.were C.is D.are( )15.(2013&#

21、183;安順)Neither my sister nor I _ been to America before.A.have ever B.have neverC.has ever D.has never倒裝句結構例句so+助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/be動詞+主語(主語不是同一個人，意為“也是如此”)Tom has ever been to China.湯姆曾經(jīng)到過中國。So has Mike.邁克也去過。neither+助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/be動詞+主語(主語不是同一個人，表否定)Li Ping wasnt late for school this morning.李平今天上午沒有上學遲到。Neith

22、er was Tom.湯姆也沒有。so+主語+助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/be動詞(主語是同一個人，意為“的確如此”)He continued watching TV after the phone rang many times.在電話鈴響很多次后他繼續(xù)看電視。So he did.的確如此。Here/There+謂語動詞+名詞主語Here/There+代詞主語+謂語動詞Here comes the bus.公共汽車來了。Here it is.它在這里?！绢}組訓練】( )16.(2014·黃石)Sorry Sir，Ive made so many mistakes in this paper.

23、Its OK._.This paper is very difficult.A.So have other studentsB.So do other studentsC.Neither do other studentsD.Neither have other students( )17.(2014·南充)He hasnt seen that interesting film before._.A.So have I B.Neither have IC.Nor do I D.So do I( )18.(2014·云南)Kunming is really a comfort

24、able city to live in._.The weather is pleasant.A.So it is B.So is itC.So it does D.So does it( )19.(2014·遂寧)Will you go to Peters party this Saturday evening?I havent decided yet.If you dont go，_.A.so will I B.neither do IC.neither will I( )20.(2014·白銀)Has your mother been to London?Yes，an

25、d _ .We went together.A.so have I B.so I haveC.neither have I D.neither I have04 整合集訓 反饋層級化( )1.One of my friends _ moved to America. I miss her so much.A.has B.haveC.is D.are( )2.This is my twin sister, Lucy. Not only she but also I_ good at drawing.A.is B.am C.are D.be( )3.Ten minutes ago, there _

26、 an eraser,a pen and some books on the desk.A.is B.are C.was D.were( )4.Linda,with her parents, _ the Wolf Hill, and they will be back this afternoon.A.have gone to B.has been toC.have been to D.has gone to( )5.In 1850,about a third of the USA _ covered with forests(森林).A.were B.has beenC.are D.was(

27、 )6.The population of the world _ still _ now.A.has;grown B.will;growC.is;grown D.is;growing( )7.As the saying goes, no news _ good news.A.is B.are C.has D.have( )8.Most of the boys who are good at playing basketball_ in good health.A.is B.are C.was D.were( )9.Have you got any water to drink?Here yo

28、u are.There _still some in the bottle.A.are B.has C.is D.have( )10.Cindy together with her parents often _ to the movies on weekends.A.go B.goesC.has gone D.have gone( )11.Which would you like,tea or coffee?Either_ OK,but I prefer coffee _ tea.A.is;to B.are;withC.is;with D.are;to( )12.The whole fami

29、ly _ enjoying the beautiful music now.A.is all B.all is C.all are D.are all( )13.How much would you like to pay for the pair of shoes?Twenty dollars _ enough.A.be B.is C.are D.am( )14.Physics _ more difficult than math, do you think so?Yes,I think so.A.is B.are C.has D.have( )15.Everyone _ I come from Sichuan. Actually, I come from Shanxi.A.thinks B.dont thinkC.think D.doesnt think( )16.Each man and woman _ the same rights(權利).A.had B.hasC.have D.is h