基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法(十三)主謂一致和倒裝句

1、 世紀(jì)金榜 圓您夢(mèng)想 （十三）主謂一致和倒裝句01 命題趨勢(shì) 考標(biāo)導(dǎo)向化主謂一致是初中階段的重要語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目之一，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在近幾年的中考試卷中。考查重點(diǎn)是主謂一致：語(yǔ)法一致原則、意義一致原則和就近一致原則，其中語(yǔ)法一致原則和就近一致原則是歷年的考查熱點(diǎn)。從命題形式來(lái)看，主要以單項(xiàng)選擇為主，在完形填空、句型轉(zhuǎn)換和翻譯句子中有時(shí)也會(huì)涉及此考點(diǎn)。02 定義 概念清晰化主謂一致是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致。主謂一致必須遵循三個(gè)原則，即語(yǔ)法一致原則、意義一致原則、就近一致原則。語(yǔ)法一致原則是指主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在語(yǔ)法形式上保持一致，即主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。意

2、義一致原則是主語(yǔ)意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致，即主語(yǔ)形式上為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；若主語(yǔ)形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，但表示單數(shù)意義，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。就近一致原則也叫鄰近原則，是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的主語(yǔ)。03 知識(shí)歸類(lèi) 知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)化語(yǔ)法一致原則分類(lèi)圖解使用情況例句“不可數(shù)名詞、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)、單數(shù)代詞、不定式(短語(yǔ))、動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))、從句”等用作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。The girl is fond of singing.To protect the environment is our duty.Reading in the sun is bad fo

3、r our eyes.表示復(fù)數(shù)的名詞、代詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。The students are having their math class.They have been to Qingdao twice.and連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果該并列主語(yǔ)指的是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或事物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；如果該并列主語(yǔ)指的是“同一個(gè)人或事物”(即and后面的名詞前面沒(méi)有冠詞)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。Eating vegetables and doing exercise are good for our health.The writer and teacher is coming.The wri

4、ter and the teacher are coming.bothand連接主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Both Peter and Mike come from England.有些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞(如glasses, shorts, trousers, jeans, shoes, clothes, gloves等)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Jacks glasses are broken.Lindas shoes are black and blue.“a number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；“the number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式

5、。A number of trees have been planted.The number of the men teachers in our school is more than 120.不定代詞another, each one, either, neither, the other, somebody, someone, something, nobody, everybody, everyone, everything, nothing, anybody, anything, anyone, no one等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Is everyone here?Some

6、thing is wrong with my computer.I called last night,but nobody was in.主語(yǔ)后面跟with, along with, like, except, besides, as well as, together with, including, no less than, rather than, as much as等詞或短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與主語(yǔ)保持一致Mei Mei,with her parents,often goes to the park on Sunday.A teacher,together with some st

7、udents,is standing at the gate.主語(yǔ)前面有表示“單位、度量”的短語(yǔ)如“a kind (sort/ type/ form/ pair/ cup/ glass/ piece/ load/ block/ box/ handful/ quantity/ ton/ metre/)of”等時(shí)，表示“單位、度量”的這個(gè)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。This kind of car is made in China.Large quantities of water are needed.“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù) + 名詞”作主語(yǔ)或“a lot oflots of, plenty of

8、, most of + 名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于名詞。若名詞是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或者是不可數(shù)名詞，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；若名詞是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Two thirds of the work has been finished.Most of the books are written in English.特例清單1.what從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí) ，如果表示的是單數(shù)意義，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果表示的是復(fù)數(shù)意義，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：What we need is time.我們需要的是時(shí)間。What she needs are good books.她需要的是

9、一些好書(shū)。2.and連接并列主語(yǔ)，若前面有each,every,many a,no等詞修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。如：Each boy and each girl has got a present.每個(gè)男孩和女孩都收到了一份禮物?！绢}組訓(xùn)練】( )1.(2014·黔東南)Climbing hills _ good for our health.A.are B.is C.was D.were( )2.(2014·咸寧)What are you going to do this weekend?I together with my classmates _ going t

10、o climb Mount Qian.A.is B.am C.are D.Were( )3.(2014·達(dá)州)I called you at 5:00 yesterday afternoon，but no one answered.Sorry，I with my parents_ at that time.A.was shopping B.were shoppingC.are shopping D.went shopping( )4.(2014·孝感)A number of volunteers _ from far away cities.A.is B.areC.is c

11、ome D.arc come( )5.(2014·白銀)The zoo keeper is worried because the number of visitors _ smaller and smaller.A.become B.are becomingC.is becoming D.have become意義一致原則分類(lèi)圖解使用情況例句使用情況例句有些集體名詞如crowd,family, team, group, government, class, staff, public等，它們作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)具體語(yǔ)境而定：若它們表示一個(gè)集體單位，則動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；若表示集

12、體中的成員，則謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。His family isnt large.His family are fond of watching sports programs.有些集合名詞如people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽)等，形式上是單數(shù)，而意義上卻表示復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；有些名詞如news, means, works, physics, politics, maths等，形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，而意義上卻表示單數(shù)，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。The police are searching for the murder.Physics is really diff

13、icult for me“the + 某些形容詞”可以表示一類(lèi)人，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。The young are energetic.某些代詞或短語(yǔ)如half(of),plenty (of),the rest(of),(a)part(of)等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)視其“具體所指”即所修飾的名詞來(lái)決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。Half of the work has been finished.Half of the workers have finished their work ahead of time.表示重量、度量、時(shí)間、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)格、數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算等的詞或短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常視為一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單

14、數(shù)形式。Two pounds isnt so heavy.Two months is a long holiday.Ten yuan is enough.Ten minus five is five.特例清單1.某些以s結(jié)尾的地理名稱(chēng)，如果是國(guó)名，如the United States，the Netherlands等，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果是群島、山脈、海峽、瀑布等地理名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：The United States is a developed country.美國(guó)是一個(gè)發(fā)達(dá)的國(guó)家。The Niagara Falls are perhaps the most sple

15、ndid waterfall in the world.尼亞加拉大瀑布或許是世界上最壯觀(guān)的瀑布。2.none如果指量，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；若用來(lái)指數(shù)目，與可數(shù)名詞連用，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單、復(fù)數(shù)形式皆可；none如果代指不可數(shù)名詞，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：None of the money belongs to me.沒(méi)有一分錢(qián)是屬于我的。None of the students has/have been to Egypt in our class.我們班沒(méi)有一個(gè)學(xué)生去過(guò)埃及。3.“all/most/half/the rest of+名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致。如：Most of he

16、r money is spent on clothes.她的大部分錢(qián)被花在衣服上了。Half of the students watch TV twice a week.一半的學(xué)生一周看兩次電視。【題組訓(xùn)練】( )6.(2014·廣東)Do you need more time to complete the task?Yes.Another ten days _ enough.A.is B.was C.are D.were( )7.(2014·宜賓)Look! The police _ the food onto the bank of the river.A.am ca

17、rrying B.is carryingC.are carrying D.are carried( )8.(2013·廣安)Maths _ my favorite subject.What about you?Physics _.I think its very interesting.A.is;is B.are;are C.are;is( )9.(2012·佛山)Thanks to the organization，some money _ given to the poor children.A.was B.were C.are( )10.(2012·自貢)H

18、ow soon can you finish this job?Two days _ enough for me to finish the work.I need a week.A.isnt B.arent C.is就近一致原則分類(lèi)圖解使用情況例句由or, eitheror, nor, neithernor,whetheror,notbut,not onlybut also等連詞連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須與它相鄰的主語(yǔ)保持一致Neither you nor he is wrong.Not only Jim but also his friends are enjoying the film

19、.Here/there be句型中句子的主語(yǔ)在be之后，系動(dòng)詞必須與它相鄰的主語(yǔ)保持一致。Here are some books and paper for you.There is an orange and two apples on the plate.【題組訓(xùn)練】( )11.(2014·廣安)Neither Tony nor I _ interested in playing Weibo.You are out.A.am B.is C.are( )12.(2014·白銀)There _ great changes in such kind of PDAs(掌上電腦)

20、in the last few years.A.has been B.have beenC.has had D.have had( )13.(2014·濟(jì)寧)Across from my home，_ a shop which sells things from foreign countries.A.it is B.it hasC.there is D.that is( )14.(2014·重慶)There _ lots of sheep and pigs on my uncles farm now.A.was B.were C.is D.are( )15.(2013&#

21、183;安順)Neither my sister nor I _ been to America before.A.have ever B.have neverC.has ever D.has never倒裝句結(jié)構(gòu)例句so+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)(主語(yǔ)不是同一個(gè)人，意為“也是如此”)Tom has ever been to China.湯姆曾經(jīng)到過(guò)中國(guó)。So has Mike.邁克也去過(guò)。neither+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)(主語(yǔ)不是同一個(gè)人，表否定)Li Ping wasnt late for school this morning.李平今天上午沒(méi)有上學(xué)遲到。Neith

22、er was Tom.湯姆也沒(méi)有。so+主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞(主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人，意為“的確如此”)He continued watching TV after the phone rang many times.在電話(huà)鈴響很多次后他繼續(xù)看電視。So he did.的確如此。Here/There+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+名詞主語(yǔ)Here/There+代詞主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞Here comes the bus.公共汽車(chē)來(lái)了。Here it is.它在這里?！绢}組訓(xùn)練】( )16.(2014·黃石)Sorry Sir，Ive made so many mistakes in this paper.

23、Its OK._.This paper is very difficult.A.So have other studentsB.So do other studentsC.Neither do other studentsD.Neither have other students( )17.(2014·南充)He hasnt seen that interesting film before._.A.So have I B.Neither have IC.Nor do I D.So do I( )18.(2014·云南)Kunming is really a comfort

24、able city to live in._.The weather is pleasant.A.So it is B.So is itC.So it does D.So does it( )19.(2014·遂寧)Will you go to Peters party this Saturday evening?I havent decided yet.If you dont go，_.A.so will I B.neither do IC.neither will I( )20.(2014·白銀)Has your mother been to London?Yes，an

25、d _ .We went together.A.so have I B.so I haveC.neither have I D.neither I have04 整合集訓(xùn) 反饋層級(jí)化( )1.One of my friends _ moved to America. I miss her so much.A.has B.haveC.is D.are( )2.This is my twin sister, Lucy. Not only she but also I_ good at drawing.A.is B.am C.are D.be( )3.Ten minutes ago, there _

26、 an eraser,a pen and some books on the desk.A.is B.are C.was D.were( )4.Linda,with her parents, _ the Wolf Hill, and they will be back this afternoon.A.have gone to B.has been toC.have been to D.has gone to( )5.In 1850,about a third of the USA _ covered with forests(森林).A.were B.has beenC.are D.was(

27、 )6.The population of the world _ still _ now.A.has;grown B.will;growC.is;grown D.is;growing( )7.As the saying goes, no news _ good news.A.is B.are C.has D.have( )8.Most of the boys who are good at playing basketball_ in good health.A.is B.are C.was D.were( )9.Have you got any water to drink?Here yo

28、u are.There _still some in the bottle.A.are B.has C.is D.have( )10.Cindy together with her parents often _ to the movies on weekends.A.go B.goesC.has gone D.have gone( )11.Which would you like,tea or coffee?Either_ OK,but I prefer coffee _ tea.A.is;to B.are;withC.is;with D.are;to( )12.The whole fami

29、ly _ enjoying the beautiful music now.A.is all B.all is C.all are D.are all( )13.How much would you like to pay for the pair of shoes?Twenty dollars _ enough.A.be B.is C.are D.am( )14.Physics _ more difficult than math, do you think so?Yes,I think so.A.is B.are C.has D.have( )15.Everyone _ I come from Sichuan. Actually, I come from Shanxi.A.thinks B.dont thinkC.think D.doesnt think( )16.Each man and woman _ the same rights(權(quán)利).A.had B.hasC.have D.is h