arm匯編指令筆記.

1、ARM assembler guide DUI00682.2Overview ol the ARM architectureThis seclion gi es a brief overviev. of the ARM arc hi teclure.ARM prnces,or cine topical of RISC卩mce汀口眄m iha【(hev impleinent a load/store archi lecture. On It load and jvioreinsi ructions cun access memoT-, 3ata processing jnsLructLans o

2、perate on register contenls only.是一個(gè) RISC 指令結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)橛幸粋€(gè)加載存儲(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。 只有 load 和 store 可以讀取內(nèi)存。223 Processor modeARM provenors support up to seven processurIIHXICS, dep;ndi on lhe sirdiiietUTe version. These are:U耙rF1Q- Fast Lnlerrupl RequesiRQ - niernipl RequeslSupervisorAbortUiKlefinecISystem (ARM archileclur

3、e v4IIIKI above).All nuxles exuijpl User nnxle are re I erred io as prhifeetl moiles.ARM 的處理器模式2.3.1Layout of assembly language source filesCaee mle$Instniclion miKmoiiics. directives, nd symbolic rcgisler name can be writ(i;n in iipperciise or lowercasehhilt not mixed.可以全部大寫(xiě)或小寫(xiě)，不能混LabelsLahcls arc

4、symbols llmt represent addresses. The address eiven hy n label iscalcukircd du ciassembly.標(biāo)志符表示一個(gè)地址Local labelsLocal labels are a subclass of label. A local label begins with a inimber in the range 0-99. Unlike other labels, a local labelcan be defined many times. Local labels are useful when you ar

5、e gencraiing labels with u macro. When the assembler findsy ivferetice lo a local liibcL il links ii io a nearby instance of llic KKUI label-Thescopeof local labels islimited by(he AREAdireclive. Youcanuse the ROUTdirective to Limit die scopemore tightly.ConstantsConslanls be numcrk. Uwkan, tkiracle

6、r or string：Numbers Numeric constants arc accepted in three forms:*Decimj. for exainple+123*Hexadecimal, for example. 0 x7B*ft.jcxx where:nXXXis 3 base between 2 and 9 in n niiniha inibid biise.常量的定義格式:1230 x1C2_1001ARM 編譯、鏈接后最終生成一個(gè) ELF 格式(Executable and Linking Format)的可執(zhí)行文件(后 綴.axf)ELF 中是分 sectior

7、 部分的，一個(gè) ELF section在匯編中定義一個(gè) section 使用 AREA 指令。2.3.2An example ARM assembly language moduleAREAARNextCODE, READONLYENTRY;Name this block of cod亡 ARMex;Mark flr&T insTruction to execurestartMOVrO, #10: Set up parametersMOYrl.ADDrO, rO, rl; r0 =+ rlstopMOVre, #0 x18; ang el _SWI re a soruRe po r t

8、 Exc e pti onLDRrl.=0 x20026; ADP.StoppecLApplicati onExitSWI0 x123456; ARM semi hosting ShiEND;Mark end of fileELF sections and the AREA directiveELF secfions are iniiependent, imm亡indivisible sequences of code or dota, A single code edion is the iniihinutn required lu produce un dpplkiiuoitThe out

9、put of an assembly or compilation can includeOne or more code sections. These nvc usually rtiid-uiilv scxliun.One cr mure data seelions. These arc uuully rcad-uiHc sec lions. They niiiy be zero hutiulized (Zl).The linker phees each section i門(mén)衛(wèi)program image according ro section pUcement rules. Sectio

10、ns ilun ;xre adjacent in source filet ;irt not neeerilyadjaceni in rhe application image. Refer to the Linker chapter in ADS Linker tind C litilies Gifitle for niurv infomiation on how the linker placessections.hi nn ARM assembly Language()urce file, the start of 3 section is marked hy the AREA dire

11、ctive. This directive names I he section and sets itsattributes. The attributes are pluccil ufter the nuinc. scparatckl by gummas. Refer k) AREA un 7-52 for dctiiilcd description of die syntax of rheAREA directive.TheENTRYdlrecuveHit ENTRYdirculivr marks Lhr first instruct ion tu be rxccutcd. h appl

12、iculiiurks cunluiDiLnig C codc+an cnl ir)rpoint is also contained within the C libraryiiiilializution code.Inhhilizationicodeandexceptjo：n handle只awcontain, enurypoints.ENTRY 指令指示匯編代碼第一條要執(zhí)行的指令。Appllcatton executionThe application cixlc in Example 2- cn page 2-15 logins executing at the label stsrt.w

13、here il loads (lie decimqi rallies 10 and 3 into rrpihlcis r0 and 11.These registers arc Ltildcil Luuctlicj Jiid llic iriiult pLtvd in liJ.start 是一個(gè)標(biāo)識(shí)符，代表一個(gè)地址。Applicatlon terminDonAfkr executing lhe itinin cixk. I he Eipplicdiion IcnniniiUs hy returning conlro to I he debugger. This is done using th

14、e ARM scmihosting SWl(0 x123456 by defau1t)hwith the following param亡忙rs:fO equal to a nge 1 _SWI rea son.R epc rtEKcept i on (0N1) rJ equal to ADP_Stopped_4pplicationExit (0 x20026).Refer to the Semihosting SWIs chapter in AOS Debug Tatget Guide for additional information.結(jié)束的方式是產(chǎn)生一個(gè)軟件中斷，把控制權(quán)交給調(diào)試器。T

15、he END directiveTli is directive inslructs I he assembler lo stop proccLiig this source tile. Everpassembly language也lurvu n)iK|ule mu.!IHUSIIwith END diiwiireon n line by iisclf.END 指令指示匯編的結(jié)束使用 cmd 進(jìn)行調(diào)試：Microsoft Windows XP 版本 5.1.2600(C)版權(quán)所有 1985-2001 Microsoft Corp.C:Docume nts and Setti ngsAdmi

16、nistratorcd D:Program FilesARMADSv1_2BinC:Docume nts and Setti ngsAdmi nistratorD;D 不是內(nèi)部或外部命令，也不是可運(yùn)行的程序 或批處理文件。C:Docume nts and Setti ngsAdmi nistratorD:D:Program FilesARMADSv1_2Bi narmsd E:dsparmpxa270projectarmex_image.axARM Source-level Debugger, ADS1.2 Build 805 Software supplied by: Team-EFAARM

17、ulator ADS1.2 Build 805Software supplied by: Team-EFAARM7TDMI, BIU, Little endian, Semihosting, Debug Comms Channel, 4GB, Mapfile, Timer, Profiler, Tube,Millisecond 20000 cycles_per_millisecond, Pagetables, IntCtrl, Tracer, RDI CodesequencesObject program file E:dsparmpxa270projectarmex_image.axf ar

18、msd: help help Display help information on one of the following commands:RegistersFpregistersCoprocCRegistersCREGDefCWriteStepIstepExamineListQuitObeyGoBreakUnbreakWatchUNWatchPrintCONtextOUtINWHereBAcktraceVariableSYmbolsLSymLEtArgumentsLAnguageHelpTypeCAllWHIleALiasLOadLOGRELoadREAdsymsFIndPUtfile

19、GEtfileLOCalvarCOMmentPAuseLOADConfigSElectconfigLISTConfigLOADAgentPROfonPROFOFfPROFClearPROFWriteCCinCCOutPROCessorSYSSETregisterTRacetriggerTRACEExtentTRACEWriteTRACEStartTRACESTOpTRACEFlushHELP * gives helps on all available commands. To print the help use the LOG command to record the helpoutpu

20、t into a file & print the file.If the first character of a line is the ! character the rest of the command line is executed by a call to system().If the first character of a line is the | character the rest of the line is a treated as a comment.Note that this help is not intended to replace the

21、printed manual which explains ARMSD in much greaterdetail.armsd: LOG* Error: No log filearmsd: stepStep completed at PC = 0 x000080040 x00008004: 0 xe3a01003 . : mov r1,#3armsd: Registerr0= 0 x0000000a r1= 0 x00000000r2 = 0 x00000000r3= 0 x00000000r4= 0 x00000000 r5 =0 x00000000r6 = 0 x00000000r7= 0

22、 x00000000r8= 0 x00000000 r9 =0 x00000000r10 = 0 x00000000r110 x00000000r12=0 x00000000 r13 = 0 x00000000r14 =0 x00000000pc= 0 x00008004 cpsr= %nzcvqIFt_SVC spsr = %nzcvqift_Reserved_00armsd: stepStep completed at PC = 0 x00008008 0 x00008008: 0 xe0800001: add r0,r0,r1armsd: Registerr0 = 0 x0000000a

23、 r1 = 0 x00000003 r2 = 0 x00000000 r3 = 0 x00000000 r4 = 0 x00000000 r5 =0 x00000000 r6 = 0 x00000000 r7 = 0 x00000000r8 = 0 x00000000 r9 = 0 x00000000 r10 = 0 x00000000 r11 = 0 x00000000 r12 = 0 x00000000 r13 =0 x00000000 r14 = 0 x00000000pc = 0 x00008008 cpsr = %nzcvqIFt_SVC spsr = %nzcvqift_Reser

24、ved_00 armsd: stepStep completed at PC = 0 x0000800c0 x0000800c: 0 xe3a00018 . :movr0,#0 x18armsd:LOG* Error: No log filearmsd:Registerr0= 0 x0000000d r1= 0 x00000003r2 = 0 x00000000r3= 0 x00000000r4= 0 x00000000 r5= 0 x00000000r6 = 0 x00000000r7= 0 x00000000r8= 0 x00000000 r9= 0 x00000000r10 = 0 x0

25、0000000 r11 0 x00000000r12 = 0 x00000000 r13 = 0 x00000000r14 =0 x00000000pc = 0 x0000800c cpsr = %nzcvqIFt_SVC spsr = %nzcvqift_Reserved_00 armsd: step Step completed atPC = 0 x000080100 x00008010: 0 xe59f1000 . : ldr r1,0 x00008018 ; = #0 x00020026armsd: Registerr0= 0 x00000018 r1 =0 x00000003r2 =

26、 0 x00000000r3= 0 x00000000r4= 0 x00000000 r5 =0 x00000000r6 = 0 x00000000 r7= 0 x00000000r8= 0 x00000000 r9 =0 x00000000r10 = 0 x00000000 r110 x00000000r12=0 x00000000 r13 = 0 x00000000r14 =0 x00000000pc= 0 x00008010 cpsr= %nzcvqIFt_SVC spsr = %nzcvqift_Reserved_00armsd: stepStep completed at PC =

27、0 x000080140 x00008014: 0 xef123456 V4. :swi 0 x123456armsd: Registerr0= 0 x00000018 r1 =0 x00020026r2 = 0 x00000000r3= 0 x00000000r4= 0 x00000000 r5 =0 x00000000r6 = 0 x00000000 r7= 0 x00000000r8= 0 x00000000 r9 =0 x00000000r10 = 0 x00000000 r110 x00000000r12=0 x00000000 r13 = 0 x00000000r14 =0 x00

28、000000pc= 0 x00008014 cpsr= %nzcvqIFt_SVC spsr = %nzcvqift_Reserved_00armsd: stepProgram terminated normally at PC = 0 x000080140 x00008014: 0 xef123456 V4. :swi 0 x123456armsd: Registerr0= 0 x00000018 r1 =0 x00020026r2 = 0 x00000000r3= 0 x00000000r4= 0 x00000000 r5 =0 x00000000r6 = 0 x00000000 r7=

29、0 x00000000r8= 0 x00000000 r9 =0 x00000000r10 = 0 x00000000 r110 x00000000r12=0 x00000000 r13 = 0 x00000000r14 =0 x00000000pc= 0 x00008014 cpsr= %nzcvqIFt_SVC spsr = %nzcvqift_Reserved_00armsd: quitQuittingD:Program FilesARMADSv1_2Bin使用 armsd 調(diào)試有點(diǎn)像微機(jī)原理上調(diào)試匯編，爽！2,6 Loading constants into registersThe

30、ILIIIOWing secliuns deieribe:hov to use iIKMOV nd MVN inslnictiens to lead a range o| iimncdiak values, see Direct loading with MOV and MVN on page 2-26how to u牝die LDR p sen doinstruc Li on lo lod any 32-bil eonstctnL, sec Loading with LDR Hifr=CYJ;J.V/ on page 2-27MOV 叫指令，常數(shù)范圍是 0-255LDR 叫偽指令都是將常數(shù)放

31、到 Reg 中4.3.4 MOV and MVNMove and Move Not.SyntaxM0Vcctn(J5 Rd, OperandZ唯11:伽聆$Rd, OperafKi?UsageTh亡MOV ilistmelion copies lhe value of Operands into Rd.The附M instruction takes Llic value of Operand, perfonns a bilwise logical NOT o|)emiion on ih亡vahie. jnd phices the refill uno Rd.2.6.2Loading with

32、LDR Rd, =constThe LDR Rd,=const |)scudo-inslmction can construct ans 32-bit numeric constiinl in a si rllk iilslrutlion. UsvpsLlldn-itlriK tHHi 111 Jjeik rnlk? uonslnilK lllul UV lUil ol runge of the MOV and MVN instructions.4.9.3 LDR ARM pseudo-in struct ionLoad a rvistcr witli cithei：*a 32-bit can

33、startt vain亡dii address.MOVLDRrt, #0 xlSrlt=0 x20026#和 FIELD 指令是一樣的3.4 Built-in variablesTable 3-1 lists the built-in variables de lined by lliu ARM assembler.Table 3-1 Built-in variablesPC orAddress of current instruction.符號(hào)在匯編程序中代表一個(gè)地址，可以用在指令中，匯編程序經(jīng)過(guò)匯編器的處理之后，所有的符號(hào)都被替換成它所代表的地址值。DCD (& ):分配一段字內(nèi)存

34、單元用于分配一段字內(nèi)存單元，與&同義。在中斷向量表中不直接 LDR PC,異常地址.而是使用一個(gè)標(biāo)號(hào)，然后再在后面使用 DCD 定義這個(gè)標(biāo)號(hào)，其原因 是LDR 指令只能跳到當(dāng)前 PC 4kB 范圍內(nèi),而 B 指令能跳轉(zhuǎn)到 32MB 范圍,而現(xiàn)在這樣在 LDR PC, xxxx這條指令不遠(yuǎn)處用xxxxDCD 定義一個(gè)字，而這個(gè)字里面存放最終異常服務(wù)程序 的地址，這樣可以實(shí)現(xiàn) 4GB 全范圍跳轉(zhuǎn)。EQUIs an assembler directive, t is used to give a value to a symboL JDthis exatTiple ii assigns lh

35、e value 2 to num. When num isused elsewherein lhecode, thevalue 2 is substitnied. Using EQU in this way is similar to using define to define a con slant inC.DCDDeclares one or more ords of store. In (his exampleeach DCD stores the address of a rouline that handles a pardcLilar clauseof the jump tabl

36、e.BaseOfROM DCD |lmage$RO$Base|EQU (*)：相當(dāng)于 C 里面的#define 個(gè)常數(shù)7.7.6EQUThe EQU diiecuve gives a symbolicIKIIIKIn nIHLmeric consfanL a igMer-relative value or n program-relative value.* is a synonym for EQU,LTORG7.3.1LTORGThe LTORG directive instructs the asmbler to assemble theCUITCIII literal pool lmme

37、cliateJy.SyntaxLTORGUsageTheassJ.兀is a synonyiiL for SPACE,Sy ntaxlibel SPACE exprwhere:exprevalucres to rhe number of zeroed bytes to rcprvt?( sec Numericexpressions on page 3-20).ExampleMyData, DATA, READWRITE255; defines 255 bytes of zeroed store2.10 Describing data structures with MAP and FIELD directivesThe MAP directive specifies the base addressof the data structure.The FIELD directive specifies the amount of me