狀語從句——原因和目的狀語從句學(xué)案

1、個(gè)性化學(xué)案狀語從句原因和目的狀語從句適用學(xué)科英語適用年級(jí) 初中二年級(jí)適用區(qū)域北京 課時(shí)時(shí)長(zhǎng)（分鐘） 60知識(shí)點(diǎn)狀語從句（3）原因和目的狀語從句學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)掌握原因和目的狀語從句的用法學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)原因和目的狀語從句的用法學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn)原因和目的狀語從句的用法學(xué)習(xí)過程一、復(fù)習(xí)預(yù)習(xí) 狀語從句指句子用作狀語時(shí)，起副詞作用的句子。它可以修飾謂語、非謂語動(dòng)詞、定語、狀語或整個(gè)句子。根據(jù)其作用可分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、方式和比較等從句。狀語從句一般由連詞(從屬連詞)引導(dǎo)，也可以由詞組引起。從句位于句首或句中時(shí)通常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開，位于句尾時(shí)可以不用逗號(hào)隔開。 2、 知識(shí)講解知識(shí)點(diǎn)：【考查點(diǎn)1】 原因

2、狀語從句是用來說明引起主句這個(gè)結(jié)果的原因的從句，在初中階段引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞主要的有because, as, since,for，seeing (that), now (that), considering (that)，in that等：The woolly shrank because it was washed badly. 毛衣因洗得不得法而縮水。I cant get to sleep because of the noise outside. 由于外面聲音嘈雜我睡不著。Since As weve no money, we cant buy it. 由于我們沒錢，我們無法購買它

3、。Seeing that its raining, wed better stay indoors. 既然外邊在下雨，我們最好待在室內(nèi)。Now that you are here, youd better stay. 你既然來了，最好還是留下吧(既來之，則安之)?！咀ⅰ砍陨咸岬降拇蠹冶容^熟悉的引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞外，when有時(shí)也可引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句(when表示“既然”)I wont tell you when you wont listen. 既然你不想聽，我就不告訴你了。原因狀語從句應(yīng)注意的問題  1、because , since , as , for,辨析1）beca

4、use語勢(shì)最強(qiáng)，用來說明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的問題。當(dāng)原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知，就用as或 since。   I didnt go, because I was afraid. Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 2）由because引導(dǎo)的從句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 號(hào)，則可以用for來代替。但如果不是說明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用for。例：   He is absent today, because / for he is ill. He

5、must be ill, for he is absent today. 3） as和for的區(qū)別：通常情況下，as引導(dǎo)的從句在主句前，for引導(dǎo)的從句在主句后。例： As the weather is cold, I stay at home.（同義句） I stay at home, for the weather is cold.   2、because習(xí)慣上不與so連用 漢語習(xí)慣上說“因?yàn)樗浴保⒄Z習(xí)慣上卻不能將 so與because 連用： 正：Because it was raining, we stayed at home. / It was rainin

6、g, so we stayed at home. 誤：Because it was raining, so we stayed at home. 因?yàn)橄掠?，所以我們呆在家里?3、because 從句與 because of短語的轉(zhuǎn)換 Because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句有時(shí)可與because of 短語轉(zhuǎn)換，because of后加的原因可以為好或壞 ，但最正規(guī)的還是because。He cant come because he is ill. / He cant come because of his illness. 他因病不能來。 I said nothing about it becau

7、se his wife was there. / I said nothing about it because of his wifes being there. 因?yàn)樗拮釉谀莾?，我?duì)此事只字未提。常見考法        對(duì)于原因狀語從句的考查，多以單選和完形填空的形式，從連詞的意義角度讓大家選擇連詞。典型例題：He found it increasingly difficult to read, _ his eyesight was beginning to fail.     

8、        A. and     B. for     C. but       D. or 解析： “his eyesight was beginning to fail”是“he found it increasingly difficult to read”的原因， 因此本題應(yīng)選用可以表示原因的連詞for引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。答案： B誤區(qū)提醒   &

9、#160;     除了because , since , as , for這四個(gè)詞的辨析外，對(duì)于because 從句與 because of短語的區(qū)分也是難點(diǎn)之一。Because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句有時(shí)可與because of 短語轉(zhuǎn)換，because of后跟的是短語 ，because后跟的是句子。典型例題：He didn't go to work     the heavy rain.         A .because&

10、#160;  B.because of     C.so    D.since解析：題干的意思是“ 由于那場(chǎng)大雨，他沒有去上班”，the heavy rain.表示原因，排除C； since和because 表示原因，后面跟的是從句，也就是說必須是一個(gè)完整的句子，本題中the heavy rain沒有主語和謂語，.只是一個(gè)短語，所以排除A和C；because of表示“由于···”，后跟名詞、代詞或短語。答案：B【考查點(diǎn)2】 目的狀語從句用來說明主句中謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的目的的從句叫做目的狀

11、語從句。 表示目的狀語的從句可以由 that(以便)，so that(以便)， in order that(為了;以便)，Lest(免得;唯恐)， for fear that(生怕;以免)等詞引導(dǎo);目的狀語從句的謂語常含有may, might, can, could, should, would等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。例如：You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it.Better take

12、 more clothes in case the weather is cold.學(xué)習(xí)目的狀語從句應(yīng)注意以下兩點(diǎn)：(1)目的狀語從句中常含有can,could,may,might,should等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。例如：I got up early so that I could catch the first bus. 我起得很早，目的是為了趕上頭班公共汽車。(2)在口語中so可以引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。例如：We'll sit nearer the front so we can hear better. 我們坐的靠前一點(diǎn)，因此，我們聽得清楚一點(diǎn)。1、in order that與in order

13、 to的區(qū)別：in order that+從句 in order to+動(dòng)詞原形( in order to后面加的那個(gè)不叫目的狀語從句，叫目的狀語) 例如：He got up early in order to take the first bus.= He got up early in order that he could take the first bus.(他起床很早是為了趕上第一班公共汽車)目的狀語從句的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)：由于目的都是未來的行為，所以從句中一般用表示未來可能性時(shí)態(tài)，比如上面句中的could。當(dāng)然還可以用will,would,can,等 。2、so that既可引導(dǎo)目的狀語

14、從句，也可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。1)其引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句時(shí)，so that翻譯為“以至于.”，經(jīng)常可以和so/such.that.轉(zhuǎn)換，且從句只能放在主句之后。如：He got up late so that he was late for school. = He got up so late that he was late for school.2)其引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句時(shí)，從句只能放在主句之后，此時(shí)可以和in order that換用。如：He got up early so that he could take the first bus. = He got up early in orde

15、r that he could take the first bus.常見考法對(duì)于目的狀語從句的考查，多以單選和完形填空的形式，從連詞的意義角度讓大家選擇連詞。典型例題：Ann listened carefully _ she could discover what she needed.A. such that B. in order that C. because D. even though解析：題干的意思是“為了能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)自己需要的東西，安認(rèn)真聽講”。很明顯從句表示的是目的。such that本身是錯(cuò)誤短語，because 表示原因，even though是“盡管”的意思，不符合題意。答

16、案：B誤區(qū)提醒 如何區(qū)別目的狀語從句中的so that與結(jié)果狀語從句中的so that的用法，這是我們需要注意的。目的狀語從句的so that是連著的，結(jié)果狀語從句是分開的，即sothat. so that是目的狀語從句，是為了什么什么，有目的的含義。而sothat是結(jié)果狀語從句，是“如此怎么怎么樣結(jié)果是什么”。仔細(xì)體會(huì)一下吧!典型例題：I get up so early I can not be lateA. that B . so that C.such that D.in order解析：題干的意思是“我起床如此早以便于我可以不遲到”。從句表示目的，首先排除C，因?yàn)閟uch that本身

17、是錯(cuò)誤短語，在排除in order，因?yàn)樗竺娌荒芨渥?因?yàn)榫渥又杏衧o,所以大家可能選A，如果選它，那句子的意思是“我起床如此早結(jié)果我可以不遲到”，顯然說不通，所以排除。答案： B三、例題精析【例題1】【題干】 _ youve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. A. Now that B. After C. Although D. As soon as【答案】 A【解析】主句與從句之間存在因果關(guān)系， 且“youve got a chance”表示一個(gè)顯而易見的 原因， 因此應(yīng)選用表原因的now that?！纠}2】【題

18、干】 He found it increasingly difficult to read, _ his eyesight was beginning to fail. A. and B. for C. but D. or【答案】B【解析】 “his eyesight was beginning to fail”是“he found it increasingly difficult to read”的原因， 因此本題應(yīng)選用可以表示原因的連詞for引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。【例題3】【題干】 A man cannot smile like a child, _ a child smiles with

19、his eyes, while a man smiles with his lips alone. A. so B. but C. and D. for【答案】D【解析】 下劃線處之后的句子補(bǔ)充說明“a man cannot smile like a child”的原因， 應(yīng)選 用for表原因。 四、課堂運(yùn)用【基礎(chǔ)】 填入恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞 1. I didnt go to school yesterday _ I was ill. 2. _ everybody is here, lets begin our meeting. 3. _ you are in poor health, you shou

20、ld not stay up late. 4. I asked her to stay to tea, _ I had something to tell her.【鞏固】 5. _your father is well again, you no longer have anything to worry about. 6. The day breaks, _the birds are singing. 7. _ you are ill, youd better go to see the doctor. 8. _ she was late for class, she had to say

21、 sorry.【拔高】 9. I think that you had better get up earlier _ you can get to class on time. A. in order B. so that C. such that D. that 10. _ understand how the human body works, you need to have some knowledge of chemistry. A. In order to B. So as to C. In order that D. So that 11. _ no man might ent

22、er, the servant locked the door. A. That B. So that C. In order that D. In order to答案與解析課程小結(jié) because, as, since和now that的區(qū)別：1、because：“因?yàn)椤?，表示直接的原因，語氣最強(qiáng)。1）why提問的句子，必須用because回答。2）because的從句常放在主句之后。3）because 不能與so連用。4）because+ 從句；because of+ 名詞短語2、as：“因?yàn)椤?，語氣較弱，一般放在主句前，中間用逗號(hào)隔開，表示的是明顯的原因。3、since/now that：“既然”，一般放在主句前，中間用逗號(hào)隔開，表示的是明顯的原因或眾所周知的事實(shí)。C、for 引導(dǎo)的并列句與原因狀語從句的辨析：并列連詞for“因?yàn)椤?，引?dǎo)的不是從句，而是并列分句，只能放在主句之后，不能放在句首，常用逗號(hào)把它和前面的分句隔開。對(duì)主句補(bǔ)充說明理由或推斷原因。課后作業(yè)【基礎(chǔ)】 填入恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞 1. _ you do not understand, I wi