主語從句講解及其練習(xí)

1、_主語從句一、主語從句的連詞分三類（ 1 ）從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句（ that whether if）that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句:引導(dǎo)詞 that 無含義 / 在句中不做成分/不可以省。 That引導(dǎo)主語從句通常用 it 作形式主語。例如： That you will win the medal seems unlikely.That she survived the accident is a miracle.whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句:whether有含義 (是否 )/ 在句中不做成分/不可以省。注意：引導(dǎo)主語從句，不能用if 不能在開頭，只能用whether 。Whether we wi

2、ll hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.Whether she is coming or not doesntmatter too much.（2 ） 用連接代詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句在由連接代詞who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句中，其連接代詞在句中起名詞性作用，擔(dān)當(dāng)一定成分.例如： What you need is more practice.Whatever we do is to serve

3、 the people.注： whatever / whoever的功用whatever, whoever在主語從句中不含疑問意義。它引導(dǎo)主語從句，并在從句中作主語、賓語、表語等。whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who。要注意和whatever, whoever引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的區(qū)別。精品資料_如： Whoever breaks the law should be punished.（主語從句）（ Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.）Whoever breaks the law, h

4、e should be punished.（讓步狀語從句）（ No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished.）（3 ）用連接副詞when, where, why, how 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句 (其連接副詞有含義,在句中作狀語。 )例如 :Where we should leave it is a problem.When they will come hasntbeen made pubic.三、 it 作形式主語的主語從句有時為了考慮句子平衡， 通常在主語從句處使用形式主語it，而將真正的主語從句移至句末。這分四種情況：(1) 對于以連

5、詞 that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句，通常用形式主語it 替代主語從句：<a> It is + 名詞 +從句It is a fact that 事實(shí)是； It is good newsthat 是好消息； It isaquestionthat 是個問題； It is common knowledge that 是常識類似的名詞還有：a pity ； a wonder ； a good thing； no wonder ； surprise 等。It is a mystery to me how it all happened.It is common knowledge that the

6、whale is not a fish.It is no surprise that Bob should have won the game.<b> It is + 形容詞 + 從句It is necessary that 有必要； It is clear that 很清楚； It is likely that 很可能； It is important that 重要的是精品資料_類似的形容詞還有：strange;natural;obvious;true;good;wonderful;possible;unlikely;quite; unusual; certain; evide

7、nt; worth-while; surprising; interesting; astonishing, etc.It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.It is essential that he should be here by the weekend.It seems obvious that we can not go on like this.It is necessary that you（should ） master the computer.需要注意的是這類主語從句中，謂語動詞很多為“（ should ）動詞原形

8、”，即要用虛擬語氣。<c> It is + 過去分詞 +從句It is said that 據(jù)說； It is reported that 據(jù)報道；It has been proved that已證明； It must be proved that 必須指出類似的過去分詞還有：known;estimated;expected;believed;thought;hoped;noted;discussed; required; decided; suggested; demanded; made clear; found out,etc.例如： It is used to be tho

9、ught that a new star must be due to a collision between two stars.It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic.<d> It seems不及物動詞（ happened / appears / doesnttmatter / makes no difference /occurred） that 主語從句不可提前It makes no difference whether he will attend the meetin

10、g or not.It does not matter if I missed my train.It happened that I saw him yesterday.(2) 對于以連接代詞 (副詞 )引導(dǎo)的主語從句， 可以使用形式主語代主語從句， 也可直接在句首使用主語從句：精品資料_Whether they would support us was a problem.他們是否會支持我們還是一個問題。It was a problem whether they would support us.他們是否會支持我們還是一個問題。(3) 對關(guān)系代詞型 what 引導(dǎo)的主語從句，通常直接將主語

11、從句放在句首。如：What we need is money.我們需要的是錢。What I want to know is this.我想知道的就是這一點(diǎn)。有時也可將助用形式主語。如：It is clear enough what he meant.他是什么意思很清楚。(4) 如果句子是疑問句，則必須用帶形式主語it 的結(jié)構(gòu)：Is it true that he is the girlsfather?他是那女孩的父親，是真的嗎？How is it that you are late again?你怎么又遲到了？四、連詞that 的省略問題引導(dǎo)主語從句的連詞that 有時可省，有時不能省，其原則

12、是：若that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句直接位于句首，則that 不能省略；若that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句位于句末，而在句首使用了形式主語it，則 that 可以省略：That you didn tgo to the talk was a pity.很遺憾你沒去聽報告。(that 不可省 )It was a pity (that) you didntgo to the talk.很遺憾你沒去聽報告。(that 可省 )高考題：1 、 It neveroccurredto me_C_youcouldsucceedin persuadinghim to changehismind.( 陜西高考 )A which

13、B whatC thatD If首先要理解句意.這句話的意思是說,我從來沒想到你能夠成功地說服他去改變,而不是我從來沒想到你能否精品資料_成功地說服他改變.第二 ,It never occurred to me是用于對于某個已發(fā)生的事實(shí)表示驚訝、吃驚的句型,所以這里 you could succeed in persuading him to change這個事實(shí)只能用that 來引導(dǎo)； if 是用于引導(dǎo)一個不確定性（uncertainty ）的 ,這里不可以用.2、 It's obvious to the students_B_they should get well prepare

14、d for their future.(天津卷 )A asB thatC whichD Whether考查名詞性從句中的主語從句用法.此處要分析句子結(jié)構(gòu), 看出 it 為形式主語 ,代替 that theyshould get well prepared for their future,并且本句意思完整,故選 D.3 、 _B_somepeopleregardasadrawbackisseenasaplugbymanyothers.(2010 ·北京)A WhetherB WhatC ThatD How考查名詞性從句中的主語從句用法.此處要分析句子結(jié)構(gòu), 看出 it 為形式主語 ,

15、代替 that theyshould get well prepared for their future,并且本句意思完整,故選 D.4、 It is uncertain_A_side effect the medicine will bring about， although about twothousand patients have taken it.(2010·浙江)A thatB howC whatDWhetherwhether是“是否”的意思這里應(yīng)該是選B,what.精品資料_因?yàn)楦竺鎠ide effect連起來 ,what side effect,一起表示“是什么

16、副作用”整句話的意思是“雖然有兩千多個病人服用的這個藥,但是對于其帶來的具體的什么副作用還是不明確的 . ”根據(jù)意思來選擇,只能是 Bthat,how,whether都不能表達(dá)這個意思.主語從句練習(xí)題1._C_ makes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever這句話強(qiáng)調(diào)的是普遍性，所以用whoever 任何人，而不是特指誰2. It worried her a bit _B_ her hair was turning grey.A. while B. that C. if D. for解析：句意：她的

17、頭發(fā)漸漸變得花白,使她不安 .該題常錯選C、 D. 用 if 和 whether 引導(dǎo)該句則句意不通 .主語從句較長時,多放在句子后部,用 it 作形式主語 ,此時 ,that 也不能省略 .3.When and why he came here _A_ yet.A. is not known B. are not knownC. has not known D. have not known因?yàn)?,首先 ,這是現(xiàn)在完成時,yet 是現(xiàn)在完成時的提示詞, 但是也可以是一般現(xiàn)在時第二 ,When and why he came here這個整個句子做主語,凡是句子做主語的,都是單數(shù) ,因此精品資

18、料_是 IS第三 ,這是被動 ,他何時來為什么來,還尚未為人所知悉如果是現(xiàn)在完成時,是 has not been known4. _C_ is no reason for dismissing her.A. Because she was a few minutes lateB. Owing to a few minutes lateC. The fact that she was a few minutes lateD. Being a few minutes late首先 ,句子不完整 ,缺的是可以充當(dāng)主語的名詞性的從句.A和 B排除,都不是D 如果真的要選的話,應(yīng)該為： Being a

19、few minutes late is no reason for her beingdismissed. 這個叫主語一致吧C 由 the fact 引導(dǎo)的同位語名詞性從句符合要求,主干是：the fact is no reason for dismissingher.5. _D_ Tom liked to eat was different from _.A. That that you had expected B. What that you had expectedC. That what you had expectedD. What what you had expected選wh

20、at 作 expected 的賓語that 不能做句子成分意思是“湯姆喜歡吃的東西 ,與他以前期盼的東西不一樣.6._D_ we go swimming every day _ us a lot of good.A. If.do B. That.doC. If.does D. That.does精品資料_That 指后面每天去游泳的事因?yàn)槭菃?3 形式所用用does其實(shí)去掉中間的we go swimming every day（用來補(bǔ)充that ）簡單來看 ,整句就是That doseus a lot of good加上 we go swimming every day用來混淆視聽罷了7.It

21、 _D_ Bob drives badly.A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought that這種結(jié)構(gòu)都用被動比如 it's said that最常見 ,只是中間換個詞8.It's uncertain _C_ the experiment is worth doing.A. if B. that C. whether D. How應(yīng)該用 whether, 對于不確定的事物要用whether, 不用 that. 肯定的時候采用that, 比較：I am sure of that he will

22、come.I am not sure whether he will come.9._A_ the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry.A. That B. What C. How D. WhichWhat要充當(dāng)成分 ,而它后面的句子完整了,主謂賓齊全 ,所以 what 改為 that相當(dāng)于 what made his mother angry is that the boy didn't take medicine10._A_ we can't get seems better than _ we have.A

23、. What, what B. What, that C. That, that D. That, what主要測試主語從句和表語從句。第一空測試主語從句：句子 _ we can t get 中動詞 get精品資料_需要賓語；第二空測試表語從句：句子_ we have中的動詞have 也需要賓語，結(jié)合所給答案可知均選擇what 最佳。11._C_ you don't like him is none of my business.A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether用 that, 句意是你不喜歡他 ,這不關(guān)我事 .That you don't li

24、ke him is none of my business .句中 is 是謂語 ,整個句子是主語從句.從句中you don't like him表達(dá)完整 ,內(nèi)容結(jié)構(gòu)都不缺,而主語從句不可省略引導(dǎo)詞,于是我們用毫無意義的 that 來引導(dǎo)該從句.whether在從句中 ,有“是否”的意思,此時便不合要求.要用 whether, 則句子改成：Whether you like him or not is none of my business.你是否喜歡他 ,這不關(guān)我事 .12._B_ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather

25、.A. If B. Whether C. That D. WhereB、 C、 D 三項(xiàng)均可引導(dǎo)主語從句,但是本句含有疑問的意思,因此 that 排除；根據(jù)句意,是否camping 和天氣關(guān)系更為密切,所以 where 排除； if 雖也可表示“是否”,但其不能引導(dǎo)主語從句,也排除 .13._D_is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.A. That B. Why C. How D. Who這是個主語從句.Who is going to do the job為主語（從句） ,will be decided為謂語

26、 ,后面為狀語 .主語從句一般不用how 引導(dǎo) ,經(jīng)常用 what that which who why引導(dǎo) 14._A_we'llfinish translating the book depends on the time.A. When B. Why C. What D. That我們何時翻譯完這本書取決于時間.精品資料_when 引導(dǎo)的主語從句,從句主語 ,謂語完整 , 選擇連系副詞 ,根據(jù)意思選擇.15._C_he won't go there is clear to all of us.A. How B. What C. Why D. This為什么他沒有來到這里我們所有人都清楚16._B_the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrow's