中考+動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)

1、 動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài) 一 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的考點(diǎn)分析 1 表示客觀事實(shí)或普通真理（不受時(shí)間限制) The English teacher said that the earth moves around the sun. Water boils at 100C. 2 表示現(xiàn)狀，性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)時(shí)多用系動詞或 狀態(tài)動詞；表示經(jīng)常或習(xí)慣性的動詞，多用動作動詞，且常與表頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用。 Ice feels cold. We always care for each other and help each other. 3 表示知覺，態(tài)度， 感情，某種抽象的關(guān)系或概念的詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) :see

2、, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, agree, like believe, hate want think, belong, seem等.如： I know what you mean. Smith owns a car and a house. All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School. 4 在表時(shí)間，條件狀語從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。但要注意由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中可以用will或shall表“ 意愿”，但不表時(shí)態(tài)。 If you will accept my invitation a

3、nd come to my party, my family will be pleased. 5 有些表示起止的動詞如come, go ,leave,arrive fly, return, start, begin, close, end, stop等常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)，表示一個按規(guī)定，計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作。當(dāng)be表示根據(jù)時(shí)間或事先安排，肯定會出現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)，只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 The shop closes at 11:00p.m. every day. Tomorrow is Wednesday.二 一般過去時(shí) 1 表示過去的事情，動作或狀態(tài)常與表示過去具體的時(shí)間狀語連用（或有語境）；

4、用于表達(dá)過去的習(xí)慣；表示說話人原來沒有料到，想到或希望的事情通常用過去式。如： I met her in the street yesterday. I once saw the famous star here. I thought that the film would be interesting, but it isnt 2 如果從句有過去的時(shí)間狀語，盡管主動先于從動，但從句仍用過去時(shí)。 He told me he read an interesting novel last night. 3 表示兩個緊接著發(fā)生的動作，常有以下詞語連接，用一般過去時(shí)如: but, and,when,

5、as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute, the first time. The moment she came in , she told me what had happened to her. He bought a watch but lost it. 4 常用一般過去時(shí)的句型，暗示著過去的動作。 Why didnt you/I think of that? I didnt notice it. I forgot to tell you I had been with my brother before. I didnt reco

6、gnize him.三 一般將來時(shí) 1 表示未來的動作或狀態(tài)用will/shall+動詞（常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語如 tomorrow,next week等連用) 2 表示一種趨向或習(xí)慣動作。 Well die without air or water. 3表示趨向行為的動詞如 come go, start,begin, leave等詞常用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來時(shí)。 4 be going to與 will/shall; be to do ,be about to do： 用法及區(qū)別： be going to 表示現(xiàn)在打算在最近或?qū)硪瞿呈?，這種打算往往是經(jīng)過事先思考，甚至已做了某種準(zhǔn)備；而will/s

7、hall do表示未事先思考過，是臨時(shí)做出的決定。 be going to 表示將來，但不能用在條件狀語從句的主句中；而will則可以，表意愿。如： If it is fine, well go fishing. If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.（錯誤） be to do sth.表示計(jì)劃，安排既將發(fā)生的動作，還可表吩咐，命令禁止，可能性等. A meeting is to be hold at 3:00 oclock today. be about to do sth.表示即可，就要之意，后面 Autumn harvest is about

8、 to start. 四 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 1 表示說話時(shí)正在發(fā)生著的一個動作：表示現(xiàn)階段但不一定是發(fā)生在講話時(shí)；表近期特定的安排或計(jì)劃； go ,come等起止動作可用進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。如： It is raining now. He is teaching English and learning Chinese. I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight. We are leaving on Friday. At six I am bathing the baby. The girl is always talking loud in public. （與等頻度副詞連用，表示

9、經(jīng)常，反復(fù)的動作或某種感情色彩如厭惡， 欣賞，表揚(yáng)等 2 下列四類動詞不可用進(jìn)行時(shí)。 表示心理狀態(tài)，情感的動詞：like, love，hate, care, remember,believe, want, mind, wish, agree,need,mean. 表示存在的狀態(tài)的詞：appear,exist,lie, remainSeem,belong to, depend on. 表一時(shí)性動作的詞：allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete. 表感官的動詞：see, hear, notice, feel, smell,Sound, tast

10、e,look,watch.過去完成時(shí) 1 表過去的過去發(fā)生的動作。在by, by the end,by the time,until,before,since后接表示過去某一時(shí)間的短語或從句以前發(fā)生的動作。如： By the end of the last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. The train had left before we reached the station. 2 表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望，打算， 意圖，諾言等。常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等或上述動

11、詞過去不定式的完成式表示即：hoped/-+to have done. 3 “時(shí)間名詞+before”在句中做狀語，謂語動詞用過去完成時(shí)；“時(shí)間名詞+ago” 在句中狀語，謂語動詞用一般過去式。如： He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before. Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago. 4 表示“一-就”的幾個句型： Hardly/No sooner/Scarcely had + 主語+過去分詞+when/than/before+一般過去時(shí)。如： We had no sooner been s

12、eated than the bus started.=No sooner had we been seated than the bus started. 5 在before或 after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中用一般過去時(shí)代替完成時(shí)。 After he (had)left the room, the boss came in. We arrived home before it snowed.過去將來時(shí) 參照一般將來時(shí)對比：用would do ,was/were Goingto do sth.表過去將來；come ,go ,leave等過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表過去將來時(shí)；was/were to do st

13、h.和was/were about to do sth.表過去將來。過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 1 表過去某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生的動作或某一階 內(nèi)發(fā)生或頻繁發(fā)生。 2 某一動作發(fā)生時(shí)另一動作正在發(fā)生，其中一個由when或while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。八 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 1 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)除了和for, since引導(dǎo)的狀語連用外，還可以和下面的介詞短語連用：during/ in/over the last(past)few years(months,weeks),in recent years等. 2 下列句型常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 It is (has been)+一段時(shí)間+since從句 This(That/It)is th

14、e first(second-)time that +完成時(shí) This(That/it)is the only- +that +完成時(shí) This(That/It)is the best/finest/most interesting- +that從句+完成時(shí) 3 在時(shí)間或條件從句中，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以代替一般將來時(shí)。如： I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it. If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better. Dont get off the

15、bus until it has stopped. .九 被動語態(tài)考查要點(diǎn)簡述 其構(gòu)成方式：be+過去分詞，口語get/become+過去分詞表示。被動語態(tài)的基本用法：不知道或沒必要提到動作的執(zhí)行者是誰用被動語態(tài)。強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動作的承受者常用被動語態(tài)（短語可省去）。 用被動語態(tài)要注意幾個問題。 1 主動到被動的雙賓語的變化。 I was given an interesting book. An interesting book was given to me. 2 主動到被動時(shí)，賓補(bǔ)成主補(bǔ)。作賓補(bǔ)的不定式前加出。The boss made him work all day= He was ma

16、de to work all day (by the boss). 3 短語動詞變被動時(shí)，勿甩掉“尾巴。 The children were taken good of (by her). Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to. 4 情態(tài)動詞和be going to ,be to ,be sure to ,used to ,have to,had bette等結(jié)構(gòu)變被動 語態(tài)，只需將它們后的不定式變?yōu)?“be+過去分詞”. 5 當(dāng)句子的謂語為： say ,believe ，expect,think,know,wr

17、ite,consider,report 等時(shí)，被動語態(tài)有兩種形式：謂語動詞用 被動語態(tài)，動詞不定式為主補(bǔ)。也可用it作形式主語，真正的主語在后面，用主語從句表示出來。如： People say he is a smart boy. It is said that he is a smart boy. He is said to be a smart boy. People know that paper was made in China first. Paper was known to be made in China first. 類似的句型有:It is said/known/ sug

18、gested/Believed/hoped/thought that-. 不用被動語態(tài)的幾種句型： 1 所有不及物動詞或不及物動詞詞組不用被動式。 2 表示狀態(tài)的謂語動詞，如last,hold,benefit, Contain,equal,fit,jion,mean,look like,consist to等。 3 表示歸屬的動詞，如：, own, have ,belong to等 4 表“希望，意圖”的動詞，如wish, want,hope,Like,love,hate等 5 有些動詞式表被動意義。特別主語為物時(shí)。常見的動詞有sell,write,wash,open,lock等 The cloth sells well.(不強(qiáng)掉動作） 這樣的動詞還有feel,look,smell, taste sound等后面接形容詞時(shí)；當(dāng)cut, read,sell,wear, write等詞帶狀語修飾時(shí)；當(dāng)動詞 表示“開始，結(jié)束，關(guān)，停，轉(zhuǎn)，啟動”等意義時(shí). This kind of cloth washes easily. The door wont lock. The fish smells good. These novels wont sell well. 6 當(dāng)break out, take place, shut off, turn