2017年高考試題及模擬題分項解析之專題8語法填空

1、2017年高考試題及模擬題分項解析之 專題8語法填空1.【2017·新課標(biāo)I】閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入 1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（醫(yī)學(xué)界） 61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended s

2、ide 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight. Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (rem

3、ove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more sa

4、lt and fat than they need in their diet. Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃點心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the heal

5、th.62. effects 考查單復(fù)數(shù)。分析語境可知作者表達的意思是“一些不為人知的副作用”，根據(jù)前文的some可知“副作用side effect”有很多，故填effects。63. to process 考查不定式。句意：他們被要求加工食物 require表示“要求”， require sb. to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”，被動形式為“sb. be required to do sth.”，表示“某人被要求做某事”。故填to process。64. are removed 考查被動語態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)脂肪和鹽分從食物中被去掉 分析可知fat，salt和move之間是被動關(guān)系，脂肪和

6、鹽分是被人們?nèi)サ簦杂帽粍诱Z態(tài)。故填are removed。65. a 考查冠詞。固定短語as a result表示“結(jié)果”，句意：結(jié)果，人們將吃更多的食物去彌補損失的東西。故填a。66. worse 考查比較級。句意：更糟糕的是，人們所吃快餐的數(shù)量增加了。故填worse。67. is 考查主謂一致。句意：快餐食物中充滿了脂肪和鹽。fast food的意思是“快餐”，表示一類食物，為不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。故填is。68. eating 考查動名詞。句意：通過吃更多的快餐，人們將在飲食中攝入超過需求量的脂肪和鹽。根據(jù)前文中的by可知此處應(yīng)該填名詞，所以填eat的動名詞形式。故填eat

7、ing?！久麕燑c睛】語法填空題的考查形式為：在一篇200詞左右的語篇（短文或?qū)υ挘┲辛舫?0處空白，部分空白的后面給出單詞的基本形式，要求考生根據(jù)上下文填寫空白處所需的內(nèi)容或所提供單詞的正確形式，所填寫詞語不得多于3個單詞?？忌氺`活運用語法知識，如單詞詞性、單詞時態(tài)、名詞單復(fù)數(shù)、連接詞、代詞、冠詞等判斷各空白處應(yīng)填寫的內(nèi)容。具體考查形式有以下幾種：一、給出動詞基本形態(tài)，填寫詞性詞形轉(zhuǎn)化(轉(zhuǎn)為名詞、形容詞)，或填寫謂語部分，可能需要填寫兩個或三個詞，或是填寫非謂語動詞；二、給出形容詞，需要填寫比較級、最高級，或詞性詞形轉(zhuǎn)化，轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞，或是填寫反義詞(前綴)；三、給出副詞，填寫比較級、最高級，

8、或是填寫反義詞；四、不給提示詞，主要填寫介詞、連詞、冠詞和代詞。有提示詞：考查謂語動詞，非謂語動詞，形容詞，副詞例如第62題has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease，給出了提示詞effect?？忌梢詮脑~性變化和單復(fù)數(shù)兩方面考慮，effect可變?yōu)樾稳菰~effective，變?yōu)楦痹~effectively，分析語境可知劃線處應(yīng)該填名詞，不需要做詞性上的變化。所以考生可以從單復(fù)數(shù)方面考慮，根據(jù)劃線處前的some可知應(yīng)該填名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。所以考生可以確定正確答案為effects。無提示詞

9、：考查冠詞，介詞，連詞，代詞例如第70題it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health. 結(jié)合語境可知作者要表達“很可能攝入過多的脂肪和鹽，那對健康沒有好處”的意思。分析可知which is not good for the health為非限制性定語從句，先行詞為前文中的have too much of both“攝入過多的脂肪和鹽”，所以填which。2. 【2017·新課標(biāo)II】閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 In 1863the first unde

10、rground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible _61_(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and _62_ word. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up

11、the road, _63_(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over_64_ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced. Steam engines _65_(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been_66_(fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quic

12、kly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using_67_ every day.Later, engineers _68_(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the _69_ (introduce) of electric-powe

13、red engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most _70_(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.64.the考查名詞，top是名詞，前要用冠詞，故填the.65.were used考查被動語態(tài)，根據(jù)句意：蒸汽發(fā)動機“被用于”拉貨物，故填we

14、re used.66.fairly 考查副詞，這里fair是形容詞，pleasant也是形容詞，所以需要將fair變?yōu)楦痹~來修飾形容詞，故填fairly.67.it考查代詞，這里用it指代前句的railway,故填it.68.managed 考查動詞，本文全篇都是一般過去時，所以這里也應(yīng)用一般過去時，故填roduction考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換，空格前是the,后面應(yīng)該是名詞，故填名詞introduction.70.successful考查形容詞，空格前是most,其后要跟形容詞構(gòu)成最高級，故填successful.【名師點睛】 在語法填空中，我們要特別注意詞性轉(zhuǎn)換題。如本文

15、的，橫線前是冠詞the，所以橫線上要使用名詞introduction。，在英語中，副詞通常做狀語修飾形容詞、副詞或動詞，形容詞通常在句中做定語或表語修飾名詞。所以本句中使用副詞fairly作狀語修飾形容詞pleasant。 詞類轉(zhuǎn)換題要先確定所要填的單詞在句中的成分。技巧1：作表語、定語或補語，通常用形容詞形式。技巧2：作主語，或在及物動詞或介詞后作賓語，用名詞形式。技巧3：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞，或整個句子，作狀語，用副詞形式。技巧4：括號中所給詞為動詞時，也不一定是考動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)或非謂語動詞， 有可能考詞類轉(zhuǎn)換；若是形容詞或副詞，有可能考查其比較級或最高級。技巧5：詞義轉(zhuǎn)換題。

16、詞類不一定要變，主要是考查具有與詞根意義相反的派生詞，需根據(jù)句子意思及前后邏輯關(guān)系，在詞根前加un-, im-，il-, ir-，in-, non-, dis-等，在詞根后加-less等。 考點：考查語法填空3.【2017·新課標(biāo)III】閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入 1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to challenge of her

17、 new A-level course .But unlike school friends ,16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61 (real)Instead, she is earning $6500 a day as 62 model in New York. Sarah 63 (tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel earning a million dollars in the new year. Her father Peter44,want her to give u

18、p school to model fulltime But Sarah, 64 has taken part in shows along with top models wants 65 (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty she is determined to carry on with her 66 (educate).She has turned down several 67 (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies After

19、school she plans to take a year off to model full time before going to university to get a degree 68 engineering or architecture. Sarah says, "My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 69 (come) first. I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 70 (certai

20、n) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don't want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can't model my more."【文章大意】本文是一篇人物類記敘文，介紹了Sarah Thomas在學(xué)業(yè)和誘人的職業(yè)面前所做出的選擇，她認(rèn)為在青少年時期學(xué)業(yè)要放在首位。61. resting考查非謂語動詞。 固定短語：spend time doing sth62. a考查冠詞。 model是可數(shù)名詞，前面沒有限定詞，而此處泛指 “一個”，故填a。63. wa

21、s told考查動詞。根據(jù)句意判斷謂語動詞應(yīng)該用一般過去時的被動形式，主語Sarah是第三人稱單數(shù)，故填was told?！久麕燑c睛】語法填空要求考生閱讀一篇短文，然后按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求完成10道語法填空題。做題要求：一是在空格處填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~；二是使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空。純空格題一般要填冠詞、介詞、連詞、代詞等，如果是物主代詞，則空后需跟名詞，比如66題。而有提示詞的需要根據(jù)語境，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷所填詞的詞性，再確定所填詞的形式。例如67題，several是修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞的詞，所以判斷后面用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。4.【2017·浙江卷】閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適

22、當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Last October , while tending her garden in Mora , Sweden , Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 56 (carrot) and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer , and she noticed a 57 (shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was

23、 her long-lost wedding ring.Pahlsson screamed 58 loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “she thought I had hurt 59 (I),”says PahlssonSixteen years 60 (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 61 (cook) a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspec

24、ted that one of her three daughters then ten, eight, and six had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn't. Pahlsson and her husband 62 (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. “I gave up hope of finding my ring again," she says. She never replaced it. Pahlsson

25、 and her husband now think the ring probably got 63 (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 64 it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted (生長) through it. For Pahlsson, its return was 65 wonder.【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了Lena Pahlsson在花園里采摘胡蘿卜時，找到了丟失已久的結(jié)婚戒指的那

26、種失而復(fù)得心情。56. 考查名詞。根據(jù)“one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.”，及“a handful of ”，可知用名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故填carrots。57. 考查形容詞?！皊he noticed a 57 (shine) object”a為冠詞，object為名詞，橫線處應(yīng)填寫形容詞。故填shiny或shining。58. 考查固定句式。根據(jù)“Pahlsson screamed 58 loudly that her daughter came running from the house”，sothat,如此以至于，故填so。59. 考

27、查代詞。I had hurt 59 (I)，主語為I,橫線處為賓語，替代主語時，應(yīng)用代詞。故填myself。60. 考查形容詞。says Pahlsson Sixteen years  60  (early)，用形容詞比較級修飾Sixteen years，Sixteen years earlier16年前；故填earlier。61. 考查動詞不定式。Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring  61  (cook) a meal，一個句子不能出

28、現(xiàn)雙重謂語，所以用不定式表目的狀語。故填to cook。62. 考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)“but turned up nothing”，可知句子為過去時，“Pahlsson and her husband  62  (search) the kitchen”故填searched。63. 考查動詞。 “Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got&

29、#160; 63  (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish”，ring與sweep之間是被動關(guān)系，故填swept?！久麕燑c睛】 在語法填空中，我們要特別注意詞性轉(zhuǎn)換題。如本文的57題，“she noticed a 57 (shine) object”，句中a為冠詞，object為名詞，橫線處應(yīng)填寫形容詞。故填shiny或shining 。 詞類轉(zhuǎn)換題要先確定所要填的單詞在句中的成分。技巧1：作表語、定語或補語，通常用形容詞形式。技巧2：作主語，或在及物動詞或介詞后作賓語，用名詞形式。技巧

30、3：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞，或整個句子，作狀語，用副詞形式。技巧4：括號中所給詞為動詞時，也不一定是考動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)或非謂語動詞， 有可能考詞類轉(zhuǎn)換；若是形容詞或副詞，有可能考查其比較級或最高級。技巧5：詞義轉(zhuǎn)換題。詞類不一定要變，主要是考查具有與詞根意義相反的派生詞，需根據(jù)句子意思及前后邏輯關(guān)系，在詞根前加un-, im-，il-, ir-，in-, non-, dis-等，在詞根后加-less等。 考點：考查語法填空5.In 1990, over 100 countries signed 1._ international agr

31、eement to make it illegal to buy or sell ivory, which is mainly used for jewellery. Most ivory is made from the tusks (長牙) of African elephants. These tusks are 2._ (terrible) valuableone pair is worth more than three times the income of an African farmer or factory worker in a year.Hunting elephant

32、s was so profitable 3._ from 1979 to 1989 the number of elephants in African fell from 1.3 million to 600，000.It was feared that by the year 2000 there would be none 4._ (leave)However, thanks to the international agreement, there 5._ (be) much less illegal hunting since 1990.But considering 6._ (va

33、ry) of aspects, it costs a lot of money to preserve elephants. Game wardens (野生動物保護區(qū)看守人) must be hired to protect them; land must be set aside for them, and when they destroy a farmer's crops, the farmer must 7._ (pay) compensation.Zimbabwe and four other African countries say that some of the e

34、lephants should be killed legally. This would help keep the population 8._ (stability), and selling the ivory would help pay for preserving the elephants. But conservationists say that 9._ (make) ivory legal to sell would lead to even more illegal hunting. Others say 10._ is wrong is to kill elephan

35、ts because they are sensitive animals who feel emotional pain at the death of other elephants.3that考查狀語從句。句意：獵殺大象是如此有利可圖以至于從1979年到1989年非洲大象的數(shù)量從130萬下降到了60萬。此處是sothat引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，故填that。4left考查非謂語動詞。句意：人們擔(dān)心到了2000年，將沒有一頭大象被剩下。此處是過去分詞作后置定語，故填left。5has been考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)since 1990“自從1990年以來”，可知用現(xiàn)在完成時，illegal hun

36、ting是句子主語，故填has been。6varieties考查固定詞組。a variety of / varieties of意為“各種各樣的”，根據(jù)句意可知填varieties。7be paid考查動詞的語態(tài)。句意：農(nóng)民一定要被支付賠償金。根據(jù)句意可知用含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)，故填be paid。8stable考查形容詞。句意：幫助保持象群總數(shù)穩(wěn)定。此處是形容詞作賓語補足語，故填stable。9making考查非謂語動詞。此處是動名詞作主語，故填making。10what考查主語從句。此處是what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，在從句中作主語，故填what。6. My English teacher w

37、as very tall. The moment she 1._ (enter) the class, we would all sit 2._ (quiet) and open the books. She would encourage me by giving me important assignments and also morning news to read during the assembly. She would come down and listen to my English debate (辯論), 3._ made me take part in all deb

38、ate competitions. 4._ same was true of my biology and science teacher. She was very nice and sweet. She would always give me extra information on the biology project. I could not go to the lab for experiments, so she would bring the lab down and help me with the biology and science 5._ (experiment)

39、and would give me excellent marks. My friends made me monitor and the naughty boys listened to me. My friends used to help me with my notes when I was 6._ (absence)My teachers always gave me important project work and I felt proud when they patted me 7._ the back after I finished it quickly and corr

40、ectly. I was never shouted at or made fun of or scolded by any of my friends and teachers. Today I often see the terrible punishments 8._ (give) to students on TVs.I feel very sad. I really want to express my love and thanks to all my wonderful teachers and friends. Without them my school life would

41、 not 9._ (be) so excellent and 10._ (forget)【文章大意】 本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者的老師和朋友們對作者的幫助。1entered考查動詞的時態(tài)。上文是一般過去時，所以這里需用過去式。2quietly考查副詞。這里應(yīng)該用副詞修飾動詞sit，表示安靜地坐著，quiet為形容詞，此處應(yīng)用quietly。3which考查定語從句。該句是非限制性定語從句，又是指代前面一整句話的，所以只能用關(guān)系詞which。4The考查固定搭配?！癟he same is true of”為固定表達。5experiments考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。由上文可知，這里的experimen

42、t應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式。7. One winter day in 1891, 1._ class of training school in Massachusetts, USA, went into the gym for their 2._ (day) exercises. Since the football season had ended, most of the young men felt they were in for a boring time. But their teacher, James Naismith had other ideas. He had been work

43、ing for a long time on a new game which would have the 3._ (excite) of American football. Naismith showed the men a basket he 4._ (hang) at each end of the gym, and explained that they were going to use a round European football. At first everybody tried to throw the ball 5._ the basket no matter wh

44、ere he was standing.“Pass! Pass！” Naismith kept shouting, 6._ (blow) his whistle to stop the excited players. Slowly, they began to understand 7._ was wanted of them. The problem with the new game, which was soon called “basketball”，8._ (be) getting the ball out of the basket. They used ordinary foo

45、d baskets with bottoms, and the ball, of course, stayed inside. At first, someone had to climb up every time a basket 9._ (score)It was several years before someone came up with the idea of removing the bottom of the basket and letting the ball 10._ (fall) through. There have been many changes in th

46、e rules since then, and basketball has become one of the world's most popular sports.【文章大意】 本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了籃球這項運動是如何產(chǎn)生的。1a考查冠詞。這里指培訓(xùn)學(xué)校的一節(jié)課。故填a。2. daily考查形容詞。形容詞修飾名詞，故填daily。3excitement考查名詞。句意：有美國足球的興奮。此處用名詞形式，故填excitement。4had hung考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意：Naismith向隊員們展示了他在體育館兩端掛的籃子?！皯覓臁边@個動作明顯靠前，可知用過去完成時，故填had

47、hung。5into考查介詞。句意：把球扔進籃子里。throwinto意為“把扔進里”，故填into。6blowing考查非謂語動詞。blow與主語Naismith為主動關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語，故填blowing。7what考查賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。understand后面的賓語從句缺少引導(dǎo)詞，從句缺少主語，故填what起雙重作用。8. As it's easy to cultivate and it contains most of the vitamins necessary for health, potatoes are popular in cultures worldw

48、ide. Originating 1._ South America, potatoes have been part of South American diet for hundreds of years. With multiple potato 2._ (variety) in the market, they are fried, baked, freeze­dried to form many beloved dishes. In Ireland, from its introduction in the 16th century, potatoes 3._ (hold)

49、 a central place in the Irish diet and been considered as the primary Irish crop. In the US, potatoes are one of the most 4._ (wide) consumed crops. French fries are commonly found in typical American fast­food restaurants and cafeterias. French fries were introduced to the US 5._ Thomas Jeffer

50、son served them in the White House during 6._ presidency from 18011809.For many Chinese people, potatoes are considered a vegetable.7._ in the future, this will no longer be the case.“A programme to add potatoes to China's list of food, joining rice, wheat and corn, will 8._ (expand) to diversif

51、y the Chinese menu and meet increasing food demands，”agricultural experts and authorities with the Ministry of Agriculture said in 9._ conference on Jan.6.Specifically, potato powder will be mixed into bread and noodle to suit Chinese consumers' taste and 10._ (eat) habit.【文章大意】 本文為說明文，主要介紹了土豆在不

52、同國家飲食文化的普及情況，在不久的將來，它還會成為中國家庭餐桌上的主食之一。1in/from考查介詞。originate in/from是“起源于”的意思。2varieties考查名詞。此處指土豆的多樣性，故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。3have held考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)上文說自16世紀(jì)被引進以來，土豆至今一直都占據(jù)著愛爾蘭飲食的核心地位，故用現(xiàn)在完成時。4widely考查副詞。副詞修飾consumed，故填widely。5when考查連詞。該從句和前面主句存在時間上的邏輯關(guān)系。6his考查代詞。該句子的意思是：當(dāng)Thomas Jefferson 在他18011809執(zhí)政期間。presidency為名詞，

53、意為“總統(tǒng)的任期”。7But考查連詞。該句和上文存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故填But。9. The Great Wall of China is more than 6，000 kilometres long. It winds 1._ (it) way from west to east, across deserts, over mountains, through valleys 2._ at last it reaches the sea. The Great Wall has a history of over twenty centuries. The first part of it 3._

54、(build)during the Spring and Autumn period. During the Qin Dynasty, 4._ (keep) the enemy out of his empire, Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls 5._ (join) up. Thus, the Great Wall came into being. The Great Wall is wide enough at 6._ top for five horses or ten men to walk side by side. Along the

55、 wall are watchtowers, 7._ soldiers used to keep watch. Fires were lit on the towers as a 8._ (warn) when the enemy came.It was 9._ (extreme) difficult to build such a wall in the ancient days without any modern machines. All the work was done 10._ hand. Thousands of men died and were buried under the wall they built. The Great Wall was made not only of stone and ea