高考英語(yǔ)交際用語(yǔ)分類(lèi)

1、高2016級(jí)高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)-交際用語(yǔ)高2016級(jí)高考英語(yǔ)交際用語(yǔ)分類(lèi)總結(jié)選擇答案的基本依據(jù)是-達(dá)到交際最基本的要求是：委婉、有禮、得體、連貫、符合文化習(xí)慣。答題注意事項(xiàng)-“四忌”一忌上詞下用：上詞下用指的是答句部分延用了題干句子的重點(diǎn)詞、信息詞，按表層意思似乎合情合理，但往往為錯(cuò)誤的“虛像”，需經(jīng)進(jìn)一步分析后才能確定正確選項(xiàng)。典型的例子如用“I don't”應(yīng)答“Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow”，用“Don't be sorry”回答“I'm sorry I broke your mir

2、ror”，以及用“No thanks”回答“Thank you ever so much for the book you sent me.”避免“上詞下用”的誤區(qū)，一是確認(rèn)題目涉及的交際功能項(xiàng)目，二是確認(rèn)句子上下文語(yǔ)境，三是確認(rèn)正確的話語(yǔ)方式。I wonder if I could use your telephone. _. A.I wonder how B. I dont wonder C. Sorry，it's out of order D. No wonder, here it is盡管該題中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)“wonder”一詞，但通過(guò)仔細(xì)審題可確定其考查的功能項(xiàng)目為征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)，問(wèn)

3、句相當(dāng)于“Could I use your telephone?”綜合語(yǔ)境和話題的分析，正確的答話方式一般為“Of course you can”（肯定）或“Sorry, you cant”（否定），也只有C項(xiàng)符合題意，A、B、D項(xiàng)均屬典型的“上詞下用”現(xiàn)象，而且D項(xiàng)中的“No wonder”意思為“難怪 ”，更是和題干內(nèi)容相差甚遠(yuǎn)。二忌中文思維：與上詞下用比較，這一誤區(qū)更具迷惑力，因?yàn)闊o(wú)論按題目?jī)?nèi)容或是按思維方式來(lái)考慮，都非常符合中國(guó)學(xué)生的習(xí)慣。顯然，掌握英漢兩種語(yǔ)言和文化之間的相同和相異之處，對(duì)于準(zhǔn)確解題至關(guān)重要。學(xué)生解題失誤之一是按漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)方式和結(jié)構(gòu)去套英語(yǔ)，去選答案，這屬于語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的

4、“負(fù)遷移”。Do you think its going to rain over the weekend? _A. I dont believe B. I dont believe it C. I believe not so D. I believe not以Do you think? 這樣的句子來(lái)提問(wèn)，用D項(xiàng)來(lái)回答表示否定，顯然不符合中文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，這也正是許多學(xué)生選了A、B、C項(xiàng)的原因。另一個(gè)更常見(jiàn)的失誤是套用中國(guó)文化模式。違背英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的思維方式和文化習(xí)俗，這屬于文化方面的“負(fù)遷移”。此類(lèi)例子有：1.I'd like to invite you to dinner tomorr

5、ow.Oh, no. That'll be too much trouble. （正確答話為：I'm very sorry, but） 2.Thank you ever so much for the book you sent me. Please don't say so. （正確答話：I'm glad you like it） 3.Hi, haven't seen you for ages! You look fine! Oh, no. （正確答話為：Thanks. You look well, too）三忌直接回絕：這主要是指在對(duì)方要求得到幫助，

6、提出請(qǐng)求或邀請(qǐng)時(shí)，回答過(guò)于直接，不夠委婉，盡管從語(yǔ)義角度分析是沒(méi)毛病的，但不符合英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的交際習(xí)慣?！罢?qǐng)求”方面的問(wèn)話有May I?/Can I?/I wonder if I could/Do you mind if I?等，“邀請(qǐng)”方面的問(wèn)話有Will you?/Would you like to?/I'd like to invite to等。在作否定回答時(shí)，為了表示禮貌和委婉，通常要用一些委婉詞，如but, I'm afraid, I'm sorry, thanks, please, had better等。I didnt know this was a one-

7、way street, officer. _ A. Thats all right. B.I dont believe you. C. How dare you say that? D. Sorry, but thats no excuse.許多考生可能選了B、C項(xiàng)，這是沒(méi)有注意到西方人生活、工作中交往的必要禮節(jié)，答話時(shí)過(guò)于生硬，沒(méi)有顧及他人感情，而正確答案D項(xiàng)正是在充分考慮到說(shuō)話雙方的身份，彼此之間的關(guān)系以及說(shuō)話人的立場(chǎng)和態(tài)度的基礎(chǔ)上做出的選擇。四忌答非所問(wèn)：應(yīng)該說(shuō)答非所問(wèn)的錯(cuò)誤比較容易察覺(jué)，如果問(wèn)話與答話的內(nèi)容風(fēng)馬牛不相及的話，學(xué)生可以迅速排除。但有時(shí)雙方會(huì)話內(nèi)容有所關(guān)聯(lián)，但仔細(xì)推敲發(fā)現(xiàn)其

8、實(shí)答語(yǔ)并不切題。最典型的例子是With pleasure和It's a pleasure。前者一般在事前回答，表示“非常愿意”。后者一般在事后回答，表示“不用客氣”。一，具體用法1.告別“See you. ”道別時(shí)用語(yǔ),同Good-bye; Take care也是道別是用語(yǔ),但表示“多保重” 2.介紹“ Nice/Pleased/Glad to meet you.為初次見(jiàn)面時(shí)的禮貌用語(yǔ); ”Nice meeting you.為初次見(jiàn)面后的告別語(yǔ)。3.感謝和應(yīng)答感謝:Thank you/Thanks/Its very kind /nice of you.回答:Not at all; It

9、s/Thats all right; Youre welcome; Its a pleasure; My pleasure ;Thats ok; Dont mention it.難點(diǎn):“My pleasure. 同”Its a pleasure.是感謝應(yīng)答語(yǔ)譯作“不用謝;而”With pleasure.是請(qǐng)求應(yīng)答語(yǔ)，作“樂(lè)意效勞,非常愿意 4.道歉、遺憾和應(yīng)答道歉:What a pity/ shame; Im sorry.應(yīng)答:Its /Thats all right; It doesnt matter; Never mind; Forget it; Thats OK. 難點(diǎn)：“Forget

10、it. 共有三種意義: 休想，不可能 沒(méi)關(guān)系，別在意 .別提它了，表不愿重復(fù)所說(shuō)之話;Get it .明白了;Make it.干成,做成;Take it.拿去吧5.請(qǐng)求、允許和應(yīng)答請(qǐng)求:May /Can /Could I？Would /Do You mind？應(yīng)答（肯定）：Yes/Sure/Certainly; Yes, please; Of course( not);you may/can; Take your time; Yes ,help yourself; Go ahead, please; Not at all; Thats OK /all right; Not in the lea

11、st; Not a bit.（否定）:Id rather you didnt; Youd better not; Im sorry you cant.v難點(diǎn)：“Take it easy.安慰對(duì)方不要生氣、緊張不安”Take your time.安慰對(duì)方不要急,慢慢來(lái)“Sure, go ahead .當(dāng)然可以,干吧、做吧、說(shuō)吧等; ”Yes ,help yourself.同意對(duì)方使用,讓對(duì)方自己動(dòng)手取;Not in the least.一點(diǎn)也不- Can I look at the menu for a few more minutes before I decide?-Of course,_,

12、 sir. A. Make yourself at home B. Enjoy yourself C. It doesnt matter D. Take your time6.祝愿、祝賀和應(yīng)答Well done!干得好，真棒！用以贊揚(yáng)對(duì)方做得好Congratulations！祝賀對(duì)方已取得成功?！癎ood luck”祝愿對(duì)方交好運(yùn)，反語(yǔ)為：Bad luck!或Just my luck!;” Have fun!祝愿對(duì)方玩得開(kāi)心,同Enjoy yourself. 7.打電話考點(diǎn):Is thatspeaking?Hold on, please; Just a minute, please.; Hel

13、lo, who is it /thatspeaking?Hello, this is speaking; Theres no Pippa here; Speaking.難點(diǎn)：熟練掌握打電話用語(yǔ).指對(duì)方時(shí)用指示代詞that/it.指說(shuō)話者本人時(shí)用指示代詞this.打電話用語(yǔ)還有:Are you there?你還在接聽(tīng)嗎?-Good morning ,Grand Hotel.- Hello, Id like to book a room for the nights of the 18th and 19th. -_.A. What can I do for you ? B. Just a minu

14、te, please C. Whats the matter? D. At your service8.就餐Help yourself to some;Im full,thank you; Just a little, please; yes, sir?9 .提醒注意考點(diǎn)：Mind your step/ head! Wet floor!; Look out!; Be careful!; Take care!難點(diǎn)： “Look out!警告對(duì)方有危險(xiǎn);."Take care ”警告對(duì)方做事要小心,還可作道別時(shí)用語(yǔ), 譯為“請(qǐng)多保重;與look 相關(guān)的交際用語(yǔ)還有:Just have a

15、 look.隨便看看.Look what you ve done! 看看你干了些什么!v-_for the glass !-Its OK. Im wearing shoes . A. Look out B. Walk out C .Go out D. Set out10.請(qǐng)求和應(yīng)答 請(qǐng)求：Can/Could/ Would you please?應(yīng)答:No/ Less noise ,please .What for?難點(diǎn)：與what相關(guān)的交際應(yīng)語(yǔ):“what for?為什么,還可表示為何；“Guess what! 你猜猜發(fā)生了什么事?用于說(shuō)出令人感到驚訝的事情前;而“Whats up ?有啥事?

16、 “So what? 表示“是······又怎么樣;那有什么了不起 “與我有什么關(guān)系 “Whats wrong? 表焦慮; “What a shame! 表遺憾; “What is it? 是什么; “What about? 表勸告或建議; “What a surprise !表驚訝. -Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer? -_.A. What for B. What is it C. How is it D. How come11.同意和不同意No way.沒(méi)門(mén)兒；No

17、chance.決不可能，即說(shuō)話者確信某事不可能發(fā)生；I couldnt agree more .我非常贊成或我再同意不過(guò)了。比較級(jí)用于否定句中表最高級(jí)。又如：It cant be better/worse; Far from it. 遠(yuǎn)不是，差得遠(yuǎn)呢，表遠(yuǎn)非達(dá)到某種程度，視具體語(yǔ)境，譯法靈活。如：Do you think he is a good worker ?Far from it. “I will.表允諾、同意，譯作”我會(huì)的;I should think so.表強(qiáng)烈贊成,譯作“當(dāng)然.I should think not. 與之相反，譯作”當(dāng)然不12.肯定和不肯定It depends.“

18、視情況而定I have no idea .”不清楚、不知道”;Its up to you.“你看著辦吧” 13.意愿和預(yù)見(jiàn)v考點(diǎn):I hope so /not.; I would rather not tell you ;I believe so /not. I guess so/ not.v難點(diǎn):I（dont）guess/ believe/think /suppose so /not.但不可說(shuō)I dont hope so. 14.表?yè)P(yáng)和鼓勵(lì)v考點(diǎn)：Well done/Good work ! Come on ! You can do it !Youre doing fine!難點(diǎn)：“Come

19、on!有多種意義：表敦促，譯作”快點(diǎn)。表鼓勵(lì)、煽動(dòng)，譯作"加油，打呀，高興點(diǎn)等。了解對(duì)方所說(shuō)的不是事實(shí)，譯作"別逗了，算了吧-Now , where is my purse? -_! Well be late for the picnic.A. Take your time B. Dont worry C. Come on D. Take it easy 15.高興 v考點(diǎn)：Thats nice /wonderful/great/lovely! How nice/wonderful! Im glad/pleased /happy tov難點(diǎn)：Im glad to hear

20、that.此句是考查熱點(diǎn)，表高興或喜悅。Guess what! I came across an old friend at the party last night .-_. Im sure you had a wonderful time. A. Sounds good! B. Very well. C. How nice! D. All right16.驚奇Guess what!“你猜猜發(fā)生了什么事！”用于說(shuō)出令人感到驚訝的事情前。What?則表對(duì)方介紹一種情況，說(shuō)話者覺(jué)得難以置信，希望對(duì)方重復(fù)部分內(nèi)容。No wonder.表因果，前一原因?qū)е潞髞?lái)結(jié)果，譯作“難怪，不足為奇。How co

21、me ?“怎么會(huì)呢？ v真題Brand was Janes brother!v-_he reminded me so much of Jane!vA. No doubt B. Above all C. No wonder D. Of course高頻交際用語(yǔ)答案詞:1.No way 沒(méi)門(mén),決不可能;No problem (回答請(qǐng)求)沒(méi)問(wèn)題;No comment. 無(wú)可奉告;No wonder. 難怪2.Forget it（應(yīng)答道歉）忘掉它吧,算了吧;Got it懂了,知道了;I mean it我是認(rèn)真的Thats it.正是這樣3.Not likely!不可能,不行;Not in the le

22、ast一點(diǎn)也不;Far from it一點(diǎn)也不;Not really不全是,不會(huì)吧;Not exactly!不完全如此;Come on.快點(diǎn);加油;得了吧;Why not? 好哇,干嘛不（同意建議）;Help yourself.隨便吃,自己拿4.How come?怎么會(huì)呢?（驚訝）;So what?那又怎樣？What for?為了什么;What if? 如果將會(huì)怎樣？5.Its a deal.成交;Its a bargain.便宜貨;Lets go Dutch. AA制;Its my treat.我請(qǐng)客6.I cant agree more.完全同意;It depends.看情況，視而定;(I

23、ts) up to you.由你決定;Absolutely.完全可以，By all means當(dāng)然可以,盡一切辦法，務(wù)必；Go ahead.開(kāi)始吧，請(qǐng)吧，用吧，繼續(xù)7.Take it easy.別急，別煩惱;Take your time.慢慢來(lái);Its nothing./Think nothing of it.沒(méi)什么（回答感謝）;Never mind.不要緊,沒(méi)關(guān)系,不用擔(dān)心;It doesnt matter.沒(méi)關(guān)系，不生氣，不介意8.Me too.我也是;Me neither.我也不是;Its a piece of cake.小菜一碟;Cheer up.振作些;Cheers./Drink t

24、o ones health.（為健康）干杯;Better play it safe慎重，別冒險(xiǎn);You cant be serious! Are you kidding? 開(kāi)玩笑9.Pardon me.對(duì)不起;Just in case.以防萬(wàn)一;Yes?我在這兒，有什么事？(A : Waiter! B: Yes, sir?)10.So far so good.目前為止，一切都好;Thats not like him.那不像是他的風(fēng)格; Its better than nothing.總比什么都沒(méi)有好;Good luck.祝你好運(yùn);Just my luck.真倒霉，真不走運(yùn);You bet!當(dāng)然

25、;Drop me a line.寫(xiě)信給我11.Ill keep my ears open.我會(huì)留意的;Youre the boss.聽(tīng)你的;If I were in your shoes如果我是你的話12.Thats all right = Thats OK不用謝；沒(méi)關(guān)系;Thats great /Good idea太好了 ;It couldnt be better 這再好不過(guò)了;Id rather you didnt 我寧愿不要;Hold the line, please別掛電話 ;Dont mention it/youre welcome不用謝13.Please remember me t

26、o your mum 請(qǐng)代我向你的媽媽問(wèn)好14.A pleasure.=My pleasure=Its a pleasure. 意為“不用謝”，當(dāng)別人表示感謝時(shí)用它來(lái)回答;With pleasure. 意為“非常樂(lè)意”，當(dāng)別人請(qǐng)自己幫忙時(shí)，自己爽快的接受（伴隨著快樂(lè)）15.Never mind用于當(dāng)別人為某事煩惱或向你道歉時(shí);Help yourself 隨便拿/吃;you guessed it 你猜對(duì)了;Great,/exactly,/definitely/absolutely表示同意和贊成 20.Thats very nice of you 你真好;Thats for sure 當(dāng)然;Tha

27、nks anyway不過(guò)，還是得謝謝你;It depends視情況而定;Not really不全是,并不是真的/真的不行（禮貌的拒絕）;Im glad that you like it so much (別人夸獎(jiǎng)你的服務(wù)等你表示感謝的用語(yǔ))二，高考真題（13年）1. How far can you run without stopping? _. Ive never tried. A. Dont mention it B. Thats all right C. I have no ideaD. Go ahead 2. Why, this is nothing but common vegeta

28、ble soup! , madam. Its our soup of the day.A. Let me seeB. So it isC. Dont mention itD. Neither do I3. “You cant judge a book by its cover,” _.A. as the saying goes oldB. goes as the old sayingC. as the old saying goesD. goes as old the saying4. -I'm sorry I made a mistake!-_ Nobody is perfect.A

29、. Take your time B. You're rightC. Whatever you sayD. Take it easy5. -Are you sure you won't come for a drink with us?-_ ,if you insistA. Not at all B. It depends C. All right then D.I don't care6. -This is your order, a hamburger and an apple pie_ ?A. Anything else B. Is that OKC. For h

30、ere or to go D. Something to drink7. If parents have children help with housework, the children will feel needed. _ ,they will learn to take care of themselves. A. On the contrary B. In a word C. That is to say D. Whats more8. -How did your interview with the manager go? -_ He seemed interested in m

31、y experience, but he didnt ask for references. A. Perfect! B. Im not sure. C. Thats right. D. Couldnt be better.9. -Thanks a lot for your book. I found it very interesting.-_. Im glad you enjoyed it.A. All the bestB. It is nothingC. No thanksD. Very well.10. - Would you like a glass of wine?-_I don&

32、#39;t drink.A. No, thanks B. Yes, please C. I don't like it D. It's my favorite11.-Forgotten something? I can keep an eye on your kids if you want to go end get it.-_ Thank you all the same.A. It's very kind of you. B. Oh, how careless of me!C. I might as well go and get it. D. Well, I c

33、an do without it,12. This is a really lively party. Theres a great atmosphere, isnt there? _ The hosts know how to host a party. A. Don't worryB. Yes, indeed C. No, theres isnt D. It all depends13. -Im tired. Im taking next week off.- , honey. You do need a break. A. Not so sure B. Forget it C.

34、Great idea D. No way14. Shall we go for a drink at one oclock this afternoon? . Will two oclock be OK? A. Sure, its up to you B. Sure, no problem C. Sorry, I cant make it D. Sorry, Im not available today15. -I'm sorry I made a mistake!- Nobody is perfect.A. Take your timeB. You're rightC. Wh

35、atever you sayD. Take it easy16. -Are you sure you won't come for a drink with us?- ,if you insistA. Not at all B. It depends C. All right then D.I don't care17. Im afraid you have the wrong number. Sorry!_.A. See you laterB. I didnt know thatC. Hold on, pleaseD. I hope I didnt bother you18.

36、 The T shirt I received is not the same as is shown online. ? But I promise you well look into it right away.A. Who says B. How come C. What for D. Why worry19. Thank you for the flowers. . I thought they might cheer you up.A. Thats right B. All right C. I mall rightD. Its all right20. Hey, can I as

37、k you a favor? Sure, _ .A. here you are B. just as I thought C. how is it going D. what can I do for you?21. Excuse me, but could I trouble you for some change?_. Will pennies do?A. I know B. Never mind C. I am sure D. Let me see22. I feel so nervous about the National English Speech Competition tom

38、orrow. .A. I really envy you B. Glad to hear that C. Sounds great D. Take it easy23. Im going to Venice next week. .Carnival will be held then. Have fun！A. Youre crazy B. Youre lucky C. Youd better not D.You never know24. -Marys been offered a job in a university, but she doesnt want to take it. ? I

39、ts a very good chance.A. Guess what B. So what C. Who cares D. But why25. Would you mind answering some questions on shopping habits? _.A. Yes, with great pleasureB. No, I am afraid I can't make itC. Yes, it is worth the timeD. No, as long as it doesn't take long（12年）1. Which one of these do

40、 you want? _. Either will do.A. I don't mind B. I'm sure C. No problem D. Go ahead2. What shall we do tonight then? _ whatever you want.A. Help yourselfB. Its a deal C. No problem D. Its up to you3. Try not to work yourself too hard. Take it easy. Thanks. _A. So what? B. No way. C. What for?

41、 D. You, too.4.Can I have a day off tomorrow, Mr. Johnson?_. I can manage without you.A. Forget it B. Im afraid not C. It depends D. Of course5. You have to believe in yourself. No one else will, if you dont._. Confidence is really important.A. Its not my cup of tea B. Thats not the pointC. I dont t

42、hink soD. I couldnt agree more6. Dont worry, Mum. The doctor said it was only the flu. _! Ill tell Dad theres nothing serious. A. What a relief B. Congratulations C. How surprising D. Im so sorry 7. Honey, the cats stuck in the tree. Can you turn off the TV and get a ladder? Oh, it jumped off. _.A.

43、Never mind B. All right C. No problem D. Take care 8. The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he _.A. has started B. starts C. started D. will start 9. Happy birthday! Thank you! Its the best present I _ for. A. should have wished B. must have wished C. may hav

44、e wished D. could have wished 10. May I help you? You seem to be having some problems. _, thanks. I think I can manage. A. All right B. No problem C. Its all right D. Theres no way 11. I love the Internet. Ive come to know many friends on the Net. _. Few of them would become your real friends.A. Thats for sure B. Its not the case C. I couldnt agree more D. Im pleased to know that12. What are you going to do this weekend? _. If time permits, I may go to Shanghai with my friends.A. Don't mention it B. It doesn't matter C. Forget it D. It depends13. Im sorry for being late. I should