初中被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解及練習(xí)

1、精品資料歡迎下載被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一、概念：語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，它表示主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的關(guān)系。語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或者是說(shuō)動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)完成的，要用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，或者是說(shuō)動(dòng)作不是由主語(yǔ)而是由其他人完成的，則用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。二、主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的步驟：1.把原主動(dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語(yǔ)2.把動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)形式即be +過(guò)去分詞， 并注意其人稱(chēng)和數(shù)隨主語(yǔ)的變化，而動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)則保持不變。3.原主動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)如需要?jiǎng)t放在by 后面以它的賓格形式出現(xiàn)（注代詞的賓格），如不需要?jiǎng)t可省略。4.其它的成分（定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)）不變。三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法：1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成

2、： is / am / are + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞We clean our classroom every day.My mother asks me to study hard.2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成： was / were + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞A new shop was built last year.3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成： has / have + been + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞This book has been translated into many languages.Many man-made satellites have been sent up

3、 into space by many countries.4. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成： will+ be + A new hospital will be built in our city. Many more trees will be planted next year.及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞5. 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Young trees must be watered often.Your mistakes should be corrected right now.The door may be locked inside.精品資料

4、歡迎下載Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.6. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成： am / is / are + being + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞7. 不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： to + be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞There are two books to be read.There are twenty more trees to be planted.3. 感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞使用省略to 的動(dòng)詞不定式，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不帶to ，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，須加上to 。 例： make somebody do something somebody+ be +mad

5、e to do somethingsee somebody do something somebody +be +seen to do somethingA girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.The boss made the little boy do heavy work. My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. The little boymadewasto do heavy work by the boss.4. 如果是接雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，可以使用直接

6、賓語(yǔ)也可以使用間接賓語(yǔ)作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子的主語(yǔ)。使用直接賓語(yǔ)(物 )作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞后加上介詞，這個(gè)介詞是由與其搭配的動(dòng)詞決定。He gave me a book. A book was given to me by him.He showed me a ticket. A ticket was shown to me by him.My father bought me a new bike. A new bike was bought for me by my father.5. 一些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)應(yīng)當(dāng)看作一個(gè)整體，而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。We cant laugh a

7、t him.He cant be laughed at by us.He listens to the radio every day.The radio is listened to by him every day.The nurse is taking care of the sick man. The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況1) 不及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（即多數(shù)的瞬間動(dòng)詞）：appear, die(死亡 ),disappear（消失） , end (vi.結(jié)束 ), fail, happen,

8、last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand精品資料歡迎下載break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.如： After the fire, very little remained of my house.比較：rise, fall, happen 是不及物動(dòng)詞；raise, seat是及物動(dòng)詞。(錯(cuò) )The price has been risen.(對(duì) ) The price has risen.(錯(cuò) ) The accident was happened

9、last week.(對(duì) ) The accident happened last week.(錯(cuò) ) The price has raised.(對(duì) ) The price has been raised.(錯(cuò) ) Please seat.(對(duì) ) Please be seated.要想正確地使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，就須注意哪些動(dòng)詞是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動(dòng)詞往往有兩種用法。解決這一問(wèn)題唯有在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中多留意積累。2) 不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)： fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch ， agree

10、with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to如： This key just fits the lock.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)練習(xí)一、選擇題()1._ a new library _ in our school last year?A. Is; builtB. Was;bulitC. Does;buildD. Did;build()2. An accident _ on this road last week.A. has been

11、 happenedB. was happenedC. is happenedD. happened()3.Cotton _ in the southeast of China.A. is grownB. are grownC. growsD. grow()4.So far, the moon _ by man already.A. is visitedB. willbe visitedC. has been visitedD. was visited精品資料歡迎下載()5.A talkonChinese history_in theschoolhallnextweek.A. isgivenB.

12、 has beengivenC. willbe givenD.gives()6.Howmanytrees_thisyear?A. are plantedB. willplantC. have been plantedD.planted()7. A lotofthings_bypeopleto save the littlegirlnow. A.are doingB. are being doneC. has been doneD. willbe done()8.Neither of them _ in China.A. ismadeB. are madeC. were madeD. made(

13、)9.Look! A nice picture _forour teacher.A. isdrawingB. is being drawnC. has been drawnD.draws()10. Yourshoes _. You need a new pair.A. wearoutB. wornoutC. are worn outD. is worn()11.The doctor _ for yet.A.isn't sentB. hasn't been sentC. won't besentD. wasn'tsent()12.-When _ this kind

14、 ofcomputers_? -Lastyear.A. did; useB. was;usedC. is;usedD. are; used()13. The Great Wall _ alloverthe world.A. knowsB.knewC. is knownD. wasknown()14.I _ insummer.A. bornB.was bornC. have been bornD. am born()15.Hesays thatMrZhang_ to thefactorynextweek.A. issentB. would sendC. was sentD. willbesent

15、()16.Who_thisbook_?A. did;writtenB. was;writtenbyC. did; writtenD. was;written()17.Mary_show me hernewdictionary.A. has asked to B.wasasked toC.is asked D.asks to()18.A story _ by Granny yesterday.A. wastoldusB. wastoldtousC. is toldusD. toldus()19.The monkeywas seen _off the tree.精品資料歡迎下載A. jumpB.

16、jumpsC. jumpedD. to jump()20.Theschool bag _ behind the chair.A. putsB. can be putC. can beputtedD. can put()21.Older people_ well.A.looksafterB. mustbelookedafterC. must look afterD. looked after()22.Ourteacher _ carefully.A. should be listened toB. shouldbe listenC. be listenedD. is listened二、將下列句

17、子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，每空一詞。1.We can finish the work in twodays. The work _ _ in two days.2.TheyproducesilkinSuzhou.Silk _ _ in Suzhou.3.Thechildrenwillsingan Englishsong.An English song _ _ _ by the children.4.Youneedn't doitnow.It _ by younow.5.Lucysent me aNewYear Cardlast week.ANew Year Card _ _ _ her byme

18、 last week.6.People use metal for making machines.Metal _ _ for making machines.7.He made me dothatforhim.I_ _ thatfor him.8.I have given this book to the library.Thisbook _ _ _ to the library.9.Didthey builda bridgehere ayear ago?_ a bridge_ here bythem a year ago?10.We'll put onan Englishplayi

19、n ourschool.An English play _ _ _ on in our school.11.More and more farmers buy color TVsets.Color TV sets _ _ more and morefarmers.12.Mybrother often mends his watch.Hiswatch _ _bymybrother.13.Wemust water the flowersevery day.Theflowersmust _ _(byus) every day.14.They use knives for cutting things

20、.Knives_ _forcuttingthings.15.Hemade the farmers workfor a longtime.The farmers _ _ _ _ for a long time.16.Didhe break the windowyesterday?_the window_ _ _yesterday?17.They have sold out thelight green dresses.The lightgreen dresses _ _ _out.18.Weclean the classroomevery day.Theclassroom _ every day

21、.精品資料歡迎下載19. You must not plant trees in very dry earth.Trees _ _ _ _ in very dry earth.20.You can dig a hole in the earth.A Hole _ _ _ in the earth.三、用動(dòng)詞的正確語(yǔ)態(tài)填空。1. The students _ often _(tell)to take care of their desks and chairs.2. That play _(put) on again sometime next month.3. The old man is ill. He _ (must send) to the hospital.4. Vegetables,eggs and fruits_ (sell) in this shop.5. What _ a knife _ (m