情態(tài)動詞+完成時

1、情態(tài)動詞+完成時(modal verbs + have + past participle)情態(tài)動詞和動詞原型連用，表示對目前或將來情況的看法或態(tài)度情態(tài)動詞和完成時連用時，表示對過去情況的看法或態(tài)度。1. should+have+過去分詞表示過去本應該”實際上是說話人在表達責備，抱怨或遺憾的意思。We should have cut away the jun gle bush.我們本應該把叢林的灌木砍掉。How I regretted the days whe n I had played and should have studied.我多么懊悔我把本應該好好學習的日子都玩掉了。should

2、n ' t+have過去分詞表示過去本不應該而實際上做了的動作。You shouldn ' t have told anyone about it.你本來不應該告訴任何人。They shouldn * t have left so soon.他們本來不應該去得那么早。2. ought to + have + 過去分詞表示過去 本應該”相當于“should + have +過去分詞”You ought to have helped him.你本應該幫他一把。You ought to have retur ned these books to the school library

3、last week.上周你就應該把這些書還 給學校圖書室。否定形式oughtn * t to + have +過去分詞=shouldn * t + have +過去分詞eg. You oughtn ' t to have taken his umbrella away.你不該把他的傘拿走。He ough tn ' t to have been there.他本不應該到那去。3. must + have +過去分詞表示對過去情況的推測，譯成當時一定；想必已經(jīng)；當時可能”What a challe nge I must have bee n to this young teache

4、r.對這位年輕教師來說，教我這樣的學生 當時一定是個巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。Since the ditch is full of water, it must have rained last ni ght.因為溝里漲滿了水，昨晚一定下過雨了。表示對過去情況的否定推測時。要用“can'(couldn ' t+ have +過去分詞” 一般不用“ mustn' t + have + 過去分詞”Joe can ' t have left. I saw him just now.喬不可能離開了，剛才我還看見他了。The party couldn ' t have been

5、 successful as you had hoped.舞會不可能象你希望的那樣成功?！?must + have +過去分詞”表示對過去情況推測時，反意疑問句用have (has),有明確表 示過去時間 的狀語(before除外)反意疑問句用did.He must have finished his homework, hasn' t he?他準把作業(yè)做完了。對嗎？He must have attended the meeting yesterday evening, didn' t he?他昨晚上肯定參加會議了，是嗎？4. may (might) + have +過去分詞表

6、示對過去情況的推測，可用于肯定句，否定句，但不用于疑問句In return I may have been able to teach you a little about medical technique.作為扌艮答，我也許教 給了你們一點點醫(yī)療技術。Might he have been caught and killed?他有可能被抓住殺掉了嗎？might + have +過去分詞也能表示對過去的事情的可能性的推測，有本應該”含有婉轉責備的意思。You might have listened to me while I was talking to you.我對你講話時你應該認真聽才對。

7、 You might have let me know before you went out.外出之前，你本應該先告訴我一聲。5. can (could) + have +過去分詞表示對過去情況的推測?！癱an + have +過去分詞” 一般多用于疑 問句和否定句，不用于肯定句。Can he have gone yesterday?難道他昨天就已經(jīng)走了嗎？They can ' t have lost themselves in the woods, because I drew a map to them.他們不可能在森 林中迷路，因為我給他們畫了一張畫。Bill couldn &

8、#39;htave gone home this weekend. I saw him at the school ground this morning.本周末貝爾不可能回家，今天下午我還在學校操場上看見他了。Mary can 't have gone to school. It* s Sun day.瑪麗不可能去上學，今天是星期天。在表示對過去某事的推測時，可用could/ might / may +完成時。They could/might/may have heard the news from smith.他們也許從史蜜斯那兒聽到了這個消息。6. need + have +過去

9、分詞表示過去“沒有必要做”，但實際做了。有責備的意思。否定形式表示“做了本不應該做”的事You n eedn * t have woken me up so early. It' s Sun day today.你沒有必要這么早就叫醒我，(因為)今天是星期天。You needn't have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.你本來不必澆這些花，因為天就要下雨 了。You needn't have told him the news; he knew it already.你不必再告訴他這個消息，他已經(jīng)知道 了。Y

10、ou needn't have walked up; you could have taken the lift.你沒必要走著上去；你本來可以乘電 梯。didn't need to do( =1 didn't have to)的 “本沒有必要做也沒有做”I didn't need to go to the bank. I borrowed some money from Mary.我不必去銀行-我找瑪麗借了 點兒錢翻譯理解以下句子:1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.2. You mu

11、st have been mad to speak to an animal.3. Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now.4. Mary can't have take n your dicti on ary. She has gone home.5. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out?6. There is no where to find them. Where can they have

12、 gone?7. He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless.8. What has happened to George?I don't know. He may have got lost.9. He might have given you more help, even though he was busy.10. She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances.11 Tom, you are too lazy

13、. The work should have been finished yesterday.12. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldrTt have been so harsh on him.13. I ought to have gone home last Sun day.14. You ought not to have given him more help.15. I needn't have bought so much wine only five people came.鞏固性練習：從 A、B C、D 中選擇最佳答案。1 You didn 1

14、 t wait for Mr. Smith last night, did you?No, but we. He didn 1 t return home at all.A. couldn 1 t have waitedB. needn ' t have沒有必要做但實際做了C. didn ' t need t沒有必要做實際也沒有做D. should wait2 Harry have won the Physics competition easily yesterday, but he gave up.A. could B. might C. should D. must3 M

15、ay I speak to your manager Mr. Smith at six o1 clock tonight ? 4T m sorry, Mr. Smit_h to a con fere nee before the n."A. will have goneB. had goneC. would have goneD. has gone4. Tom took away my cell phone without being permitted.Really? I can 1 t imagine that he have done such a thing.A. must

16、B. may C. canD. should 5 Was it Mary who made the suggestion? It have been. I can ' t remember.A. need B. must 6 The C. shouldD. mayweather turned umbrella out t0 be fine yesterday. Ithe trouble to carry mywith me .A. should have takenC. needn't have takenB. could have takenD. mustn't ha

17、ve taken7 He paid for a seat, when he have entered free.A. couldB. would C. mustD. need8 I didn ' t see her in the meeting room this morning. She at the meeting .A. mustn 1 t have spoken B. mightn 1 t have spokenC. can 11 have spokenD. shouldn 11 have spoken9- 一 Hi, is that Peter Brown?Sorry. Yo

18、u the wrong number.A. must dialB must have dialedC. should dialD. should have dialed10. I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. Theyatleast 150 kilometers an hour.A. should have been doingB. must have been doingC. could have doneD. would have done11. He is not poor. Yo

19、u _ have lent him the money.A. can ' t B. needn ' t C. couldn * t D. mustn't12. There was plenty of time. Youhave hurried.A. won't B. mustn 11C. needn * t D. couldn't13. I _ here in time, but I met an old friend of mine. I stopped and talked with him forsome time.A. shouldn 11 have comeB. must have comeC. needn ' t have comeD. could have come14. They _ have finished the work yesterday, but it was raining hardA. must B. could C should D. might15. He was sent to hospital. Something to him.A. must happ