獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)完整講解

1、學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的用法一、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的概念獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)（ Absolute Structure ）是由名詞或代詞加上分詞等構(gòu)成的一種獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，用于修飾整個(gè)句子。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞或代詞與其后的分詞等構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。這種結(jié)構(gòu)與主句不發(fā)生句法上的聯(lián)系，它的位置相當(dāng)靈活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗號(hào)將其與主句分開(kāi)。在句中作狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。需特別注意的是，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與主句之間不能使用任何連接詞。二、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)基本構(gòu)成形式名詞 ( 代詞 )+ 現(xiàn)在分詞；過(guò)去分詞；形容詞；副詞；不定式；名詞；介詞短語(yǔ)）1.名詞 ( 代詞 )+ 現(xiàn)在分詞例句：The storm

2、 drawing near， the navvy decided to call it a dayThe storm drawing near在句中作：原因狀語(yǔ) Since the storm was drawing near， the navvy decided to call it a day由于暴風(fēng)雨即將來(lái)臨，那個(gè)挖土小工決定收工。（ call it a day今天到此為止）例句： Winter coming, it gets colder and colder.Winter coming在句中作：伴隨狀語(yǔ)= The winter comes, and it gets colder an

3、d colder.冬天來(lái)了，天氣越來(lái)越冷了。造句： 時(shí)間允許的話(huà)，我就和你一起走。Time permitting, I will go with you.獨(dú)立主格作：條件狀語(yǔ)=改寫(xiě)： If time permits, I will go with you.造句： 那個(gè)姑娘望著他，他不知道說(shuō)什么好。The girl staring at him, he didn t know what to say.獨(dú)立主格作：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)=改寫(xiě)： As the girl stared at him, he didn t know what to say.2. 名詞 ( 代詞 )+ 過(guò)去分詞例句： He was l

4、istening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上課專(zhuān)心聽(tīng)講，眼睛緊盯著黑板。例句： The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.會(huì)議結(jié)束后，每個(gè)人都想早點(diǎn)回家。造句： 工作完成后，他回家了。The work done, he went back home.= When the work was done, he went back home.3. 名詞 ( 代詞 )+ 不定式學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載在“名詞 / 代詞 +動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)詞不定式

5、和它前面的名詞或代詞如果存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，動(dòng)詞不定式則用主動(dòng)的形式；如果是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，則用被動(dòng)形式。例句： The fourof us agreed on a divisionof labor,each to translatea quarterof the book.我們四人同意分工干，每人翻譯全書(shū)的四分之一。例句： Many trees,flowers,and grass to be planted,our schoolwilllookevenmore beautiful.種上許多的樹(shù)、花和草后，我們新建的學(xué)校看上去將更美。造句： 還有很多作業(yè)要做，我不能和你走。A lot of ho

6、me work to do, I can t go with you.4. 名詞 ( 代詞 )+ 形容詞Computers very small, we can use them widely.電腦雖小，我們卻能廣泛地利用它們。he stood silent in the noon sunlight, its door open.5. 名詞(代詞)+副詞The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room.散會(huì)了，校長(zhǎng)很快就離開(kāi)了會(huì)議室。燈熄了，我們不能繼續(xù)工作了。造句： The lights off, we could not

7、 go on with the work.6. 名詞(代詞)+名詞His first shot failure， he fired again他第一槍沒(méi)擊中，又打了一槍。Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children.兩百人死于事故，其中有許多兒童。7. 名詞(代詞)+ 介詞短語(yǔ)The huntsman entered the forest, gun in hand.那位獵人手里提著槍走進(jìn)了樹(shù)林。三、 with ，withoutwith ( without)+引導(dǎo)的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)賓語(yǔ)（名詞 / 代詞） +賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，賓

8、語(yǔ)通常由名詞或代詞充當(dāng)，The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.小女孩把盒子藏了起來(lái)，沒(méi)有人知道它在哪里。（ without +名詞 / 代詞 +動(dòng)詞的 -ing形式）Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room.她沒(méi)再說(shuō)什么話(huà)就離開(kāi)了會(huì)議室。（without+名詞 / 代詞 +動(dòng)詞的 -ed 形式）The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.有這么多的名勝可參觀，小孩很激動(dòng)。（

9、with+ 名詞 / 代詞 +動(dòng)詞不定式）學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載The boy was walking, with his father ahead.父親在前，小孩在后走著。（with+ 名詞 / 代詞 +副詞）He stood atthe door,witha computerin hishand.或 He stoodatthe door,computer in hand.他站在門(mén)口，手里拿著一部電腦。（with+ 名詞 / 代詞 +介詞短語(yǔ)）With his son so disappointing, the old man felt unhappy.由于兒子如此令人失望，老人感到很不快樂(lè)。（在

10、 with (without) 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中， 多數(shù)情況下造句： 老師走進(jìn)教室，胳膊下面夾了一本書(shū)。with+ 名詞 / 代詞 +形容詞）with能省略，但 without不能省略。The teacher walked into the classroom, with a book under his arm.造句： 老師坐在椅子上，周?chē)蝗簩W(xué)生圍著他。The teacher is sitting in the chair, with a group of students around him造句： 工作完成了，他回家了。With the work done, he went back ho

11、me.造句： 由那個(gè)男孩帶路，我們很容易就找到了那奇怪的洞。With the boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave.四、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的句法功能獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中一般作狀語(yǔ)，表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、伴隨狀況等，還可以作定語(yǔ)。1.作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)My shoes removed， I entered a low-ceilinged room，treadingcautiously on the soft tatami matting我脫掉鞋子后，走進(jìn)一間屋頂很低的房間，小心翼翼地踩在柔軟的塌塌米墊子上。The gove

12、rnorponderingthe matter ，more strikersgatheredacrosshis path總督思考問(wèn)題時(shí)，更多的罷工工人聚集在他要通過(guò)的路上。2. 作條件狀語(yǔ)Weather permitting， they will go on an outing to the beachtomorrow 如果天氣允許的話(huà)，他們將在明天組織一次海濱郊游。Such being the case， you have no grounds for dismissing him如果情況如此的話(huà)，你沒(méi)有理由解聘他。3.作原因狀語(yǔ)The boy leading the way, we had

13、 no trouble finding the strangecave.由那個(gè)男孩帶路，我們很容易就找到了那奇怪的洞。There being no further business to discuss, we all went home.沒(méi)有別的事可討論，我們都回家了。4.作伴隨狀語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明Itookmy ticket， and marched proudlyup the platform， withmycheeses ， the people falling back respectfully on either side學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載我拿著車(chē)票還有我的奶酪，雄赳赳氣昂昂地跨步走向月臺(tái)

14、。人們似乎很尊敬我，紛紛向兩邊退去。Ten students entered for the competition, the youngest a boyof 12.十個(gè)學(xué)生報(bào)名參加了這次競(jìng)賽，年紀(jì)最小的是個(gè)12 歲的男孩。五、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特殊用法1、有些分詞短語(yǔ)可以獨(dú)立存在, 在句子中沒(méi)有邏輯上的主語(yǔ), 實(shí)際上已經(jīng)變成了習(xí)慣用法。這些短語(yǔ)有:Generally speaking總的說(shuō)來(lái) , Frankly speakingJudging from從判斷 , Supposing假設(shè) , 等等。坦率地說(shuō), Generally speaking, the rule is very easy t

15、o understand.總的說(shuō)來(lái) , 這條規(guī)則很容易懂。 Judging from what he said, he must be an honest man.由他所說(shuō)的來(lái)判斷, 他一定是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。2、有些固定短語(yǔ)是帶短語(yǔ)有 : to be honesta long story shortto的不定式 , 表明說(shuō)話(huà)人的立場(chǎng)或態(tài)度, 在句中作獨(dú)立成分。這些老實(shí)說(shuō) ,to be sure確實(shí) ,to tell you the truth說(shuō)實(shí)話(huà) ,to cut長(zhǎng)話(huà)短說(shuō) ,to be frank坦率地說(shuō) ,to make matters / things worse更糟糕的是 , 等等。 To

16、 tell you the truth, I made a mistake in the word spelling.說(shuō)實(shí)話(huà) , 我犯了一個(gè)拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤。1 The lecture_c_， he left his seat so quietly that no one complained thathis leaving disturbed the speakerA began B beginningC having begun D being beginning2 Such_a_the case， there are no grounds to justify your complaintsA being B isC was D to be3 With all factors_c_ ， we thinkthis programm