指導(dǎo)者8進(jìn)攻訓(xùn)練（Instructor8offensivetraining）

1、指導(dǎo)者 8 進(jìn)攻訓(xùn)練(instructor 8 offensive training)指導(dǎo)者8:進(jìn)攻訓(xùn)練http: / / www. 棋藝探討之一棋藝探討之二人物棋史譯文實(shí)戰(zhàn)評(píng)局譯文專題譯 文當(dāng)前欄目：棋藝探討譯文正文字體：默認(rèn)小字大字更大指導(dǎo)者8:進(jìn)攻訓(xùn)練馬克德沃列特斯基以下對(duì)局發(fā)生在20年前，它被選為當(dāng)次比賽最佳對(duì)局.白方的確走 得妙一一但正如我們要展開的分析所示，還遠(yuǎn)非完美他實(shí)施進(jìn)攻的 方式并非最有力，對(duì)手原可抵擋.我建議大家把這盤對(duì)局作為自我訓(xùn)練使用在領(lǐng)會(huì)分析之前，努力解 答文中所附帶提問，如此大家更能客觀地認(rèn)識(shí)對(duì)局中的難題本身以 及雙方面臨要解決的復(fù)雜形勢(shì)思考得深入些吧，最少用兩、三

2、小時(shí) 去研究這盤棋所有提問可都不簡(jiǎn)單，既需要對(duì)變化的精確計(jì)算，又 需要對(duì)因之而出現(xiàn)動(dòng)態(tài)局而的細(xì)微評(píng)價(jià)但即使你的回答和我的結(jié)論 有較大出入，也不要急無論什么事情，進(jìn)行這樣的分析都是特別有 價(jià)值的.整盤對(duì)局的主題意義，同時(shí)也是提問的主要精神就是：候選著法. 我希望大家經(jīng)練習(xí)后對(duì)它的重要性有更深認(rèn)識(shí)，在學(xué)棋的早段就學(xué) 會(huì)把它運(yùn)用在對(duì)變化的研究上，檢查每一可能的變化（己方的和對(duì) 方的）這個(gè)訓(xùn)練方法能使你走棋更精確、深入和有意義.卡爾波夫一薩克斯利納雷斯19831. e2 and e4 c7 c5 2. ngl - f3 e7 - e6 3. d2 and d4 c5xd4 4. nf3xd4 ng8

3、一 f6 5. nbl.d7 and d6 6. g2 and g4 h7 一 h6 7. rhl 一 gl bf8 - e7 8. bcl - e3 nb8 - c6 9. qdl - e2. ?卡爾波夫說:這步多少有點(diǎn)不尋常的棋是考慮后翼易位,然后盡可能快地利用白車和黑后沿d線相對(duì)的形勢(shì).9. . bc8 - d7 （圖 1） 1）白方都有些什么選擇?每種選擇各有什么相對(duì)的長(zhǎng)處和短處？【譯注：作者為每個(gè)提問都給 岀自己的解答意見，一并在后對(duì)應(yīng)列出，既有與實(shí)戰(zhàn)著法相同意見， 更主要有不同的；每個(gè)提問可直接點(diǎn)擊之去參考解答，更也可配合 通研全局后再參考】10. h2 h4 nc6xd4 11.

4、 be3xd4 e6 - e5 12. bd4 - e3 bd7 - c6 （圖2） 2）白方這里有什么選擇?13. qe2 - d3 3）黑方應(yīng)該考慮什么續(xù)著?13qd8 - a5 14. 0 - 0 - 0 （圖 3）黑方也可以14.0-0-0,如果那樣，4）白方如何回應(yīng)？14. . . nf6xe4 15. nc3xe4 d6 and d5 （圖 4）5）請(qǐng)?zhí)暨x白方最強(qiáng)的續(xù)著.16. qd3 doc d5xe4 17. bfl - c4 rh8 - f8 （圖 5）6）白方要繼續(xù)進(jìn)攻該采取什么辦法？18. rdl - d5 bc6xd5如果 18qc7 19. bb5 bxh4 20.

5、rgdl （或 20. bc5）19. bc4xd5 （圖 6）7）黑方應(yīng)如何防守？19. ra8 一 d88）白方怎樣做？20. bd5 - c4 be7 b4 21. c2 - c3 b7 - b5.如果21. . . bd6 22. qxb7 qc7,白方可以選擇得到壓倒性殘局：23. qxc7 bxc7 24. bxa7,也可繼續(xù)強(qiáng)大攻勢(shì)：23.qxe4還有可 22. g5! ? hg 23. rxg522. bc4 一 e2.如果 22. cb cb (or 22. . . qc7 23. bc5 cb) 23. qxc4 qd5 轉(zhuǎn)成黑 方優(yōu)勢(shì)了.22. . bb4 一 d6 (圖

6、 7)9) what offensive resources does bai fang have?23. qb3-d510) black hands what defense resources?23. ke8e7 24. be3-c5 bd6xc5whether it's 24. . . qc7 25. qxe5+ kd7 26. bxd6 qxd6 27. rdl or24. f6 25. bc4. all bad.25. qd5xe5+ ke7-d7 26. qe5xc5 qa5-c7 27. qc5-f5+ kd7-e7?!tougher is 27. kc6 28. qxb

7、5+ kd6 29. qb4+, let's analyze it:a) 29. ke5 30. f4+ kxf4 31. rf1+ ke3, karpov mentioned only32. bb5stop the discussion, but this should not stop: black can have a successful defense of 32 qd6 33. rel+ kf2=. for 32. c4! would be better, only to prevent black32. . . qg3! 33. qc3+ kxe2 34. qxg3 kx

8、fl, white side undoubtedly dominate the advantage, but it is not clear whether it is enoughto win.b) 29. qc5? 30. qb7 ke5 31. rel (if 31. f4+?, which is expected to be 31. kxf4? 32.rf 1+ ke3 33. rf3+! !. 31. ef! invalid!) 31. . . qxf2? 32. qe7+ kd5 33. rdl+ kc634. qxe4+ kc7 35. qe7+ kc6 36.rf1, karp

9、ov thinks white wins. unfortunately, if black alertking retreat to prepare: 31. g6!, has avoided the immediate threat28. qf5xe4+ ke7-d7 29. qe4-f5+ kd7-e7 30. rgl-el!karpov said: "i think after a long time, and finally find the best way to maintain the tension, even if the black king hid in the

10、 d8”if 30. bxb5 rd6 (30. . . rd4 31. kbl rd2 32. qe4+ kd8 33. rel wins) 31. qe5+kd8 32. qxg7 qe7, and then 33. kc7, white fang three soldiers： but the battle to continue30 rd8-d6 31. be2-c4+!karpov said: "don't let the black car to e6 is very important “31. ke7-d8 32. bc4xb5 a7a6after 32. .

11、 . rf6 33. qd5+ kc8, the white side can also win the same combination in the back33. bb5-a4 g7-g6 34. qf5-f3 kd8-c8 (fig. 8)11) how does the white party continue to attack?35. rel-e7 rd6dl+ 36. kclxdl qc7xe7if 36. rd8+, white can easily get the pieces: 37. rd7; 37.kcl qxe7! and if 3& qa8+ kc7 39

12、. qa7+kd6 doesn，t seem to kill: 40. qb6+ ke5, and d4 is under the black car control.37. qf3-a8+ kc8-c7 38. qa8-a7+ kc7-d6 39. qa7-b6+after the defeat, because 39. ke5 40. qd4+ ke6 41. bb3 answer：1) may consider 10. 0-00; but after that 10. . . nxd4 11. bxd4e5 12. be3 rc8, with qa5 or rxc3 andthe thr

13、eat of nxe4.if 10. h4 nxd4 11. bxd4 e5 12. be3, then 12. . rc8 is no longervalid, because 13. g5; however, now12 bc6 e attack is strong soldiers bai fangyuan should also consider taking nh7 attacks on h4 soldiers. there is also a feasible way of black: 10. 11. g5 ng4 12. h5!?nxc6 (12. 0-0-0?) 12. .

14、bxc6 (12. . . bc?) at this time 13. bd2?! qb6! white fang is uncomfortable, so go13. 0一0一0! white side has a slight advantageif 10. f4, then 10. . nxd4 11. bxd4 qa5 ready 12. . . e5 (even encounter 12. g5) and 10. g5?!(11. fg hg 12. nxc6? bxc6 13. bxg5 nxe4) is worth considering.try to avoid horse 1

15、0. nb3!encounter blocked 10. g5! the situation is unknown.the choice of bai fang is not easy, and each choice has its disadvantages but 10. h4! it still seems to be the most promising return2) 13. 0-0-0? nxe4 14. nd5 bxh4, abandoning two soldiers is obviously unreliableif 13. f3 nh7 white fang will

16、not be happy, for example: 14. 0-0-0 bxh4 15. nb5 be7 situation is unknown.white didn，t want to go to 13. bg2 or 13. bd2 ruined his son force configuration, although the latter is not acceptableone possibility is 13. bd2? nh7 (13. d5 14 ed nxd5 15. 0-0-0 is not good) 14. g5? (14 h5bg5=) 14. hg 15. 0

17、-0-0 bf6? there is compensationcomparison of nadechushou is 13. qd3!?, in black or 13. in the case of nh7 attacks may retain d6 black pawn.13. qf3! more consistent and powerful, after black to face not only the 14. g5 and 14. 0-0-0, and 14.bc4. according to the different test black should be conside

18、red:a) if 13. d5! ed? 14. ?! nxd5 black flat first, for example: 15. bb5! (15.? 0-0-0? nxc3!)15 nxe3! (15. nb4 16. qe4 or 15. . . bxb5 16. 0-0-0 bc6 17. nxd5 qa5 18.kbl rd8 19. c4 white fang has better chance) 16. bxc6+ bc 17. qxe3 bxh4 (17. qd4?!) 18. qxe5+qe7 二.as for white fang, the fourteenth st

19、ep is changed into 14. 0-0-0 d4 15. g5 hg 16. hg nd7 17. bc4 rf8 1& g6 fg 19.qg4 is hard to assess, probably the general balance of powerhere, bai fang is the most uncomfortable opponent is 14. nxd5, no matter 14. nxd5 15. 0一0一0 (white side advantage), or 14. nxe415. 0-0-0 bxd5 (15. nd6 16. qg3

20、superior) 16. bb5+ kf8 17. bc4 (superior)have a terrible result of black it's necessary to go 14. bxd5! then, if 15. 0-0-0 qa5 16. ed qxa2 has the opportunity, the white party is most reliable15. ed qxd5 16. bg2 (slightly advantage)b) if 13. qa5, what，s more interesting is 14. 0一0一0 nxe4! 15. nx

21、e4 qxa2 (15. d5? 16. qf5 de)17. bc4 rf8 18. qh7? white fang excellent) 16. nc3 qal+ (16. bxf3 17. nxa2 bxdl 18.)bb5+! kf8 19. rxdl rd8 white fang gets some advantages) 17. kd2 qxb2 18. qg3! balance, or maybe a white strategy18. nd5 qa2!). bai fang can try another 14. bd2! restore all threats. then t

22、he 14. qb4 15. bd3 qxb2 16. rblqa3 17. g5 looks more promising than white, although objectively speaking, the following 17. hg 18. hg nd7 is not yet clear return3) threats exist at 14. g5 hg 15. hg and then 16. g6 here 13. d5?! is gone astray, because 14. ed nxd5 15.0-0-0! (15. nxd5 qxd5 16. qxd5 bx

23、d5 17. bb5+ bc6 18. bxc6+ bc19. h5white square endgame goes better) 15. nxe3 16. qxe3 qa5 17.bb5 0-0 (17. bxb5 18. qxe5, with agreat 18. g5 advantage), black weak situation.the logical thing is, 13. nh7 and then white fang，s gambit14. g5? hg 15. nd5 is not necessarily right: 15. gh 16. rxg7nf6 (thre

24、at 17. nxd5 18. ed qa5+) 1& 0-0-0 h3.finally, 13. qa5? can also be, 14. 0-0-0 is 14. 0-0-0 or 14 nxe4 15.nxe4 d5. return4) the most obvious is 15. g5, after the white party should consider 15 factors and 16. hg nxe4 17. hg. nxe4 d5, then 18 qxa2.walking 15. a3? is it useful? white side keeps all

25、 the threatsthat black wi.ll have to 15. . . d5 16. ed e4 仃6 nxd5 17.qf5+) 17. qc4 nxd5 18. nxd5 rxd5; but then 19. bg2 white has a real advantage in addition, bai fang if 15.kbl?! in the final situation, 19. bg2 will be lost because of19.rhd815. nxe4 16 qc4! nd5! more positive, white was almost all

26、. black children invalid: 16 bxh4 17. qxa2 18. qxe4.bc4 and so on. return5) there are so many temptations in front of the white side, it is not easy to make a choice:not 16. qd2? 17. nc3 qal+ 1& qxa2:16. nbl d4 black edge.if the complex situation caused by 16. qc3? qxc3 is interesting:17. nxc3 d

27、4 1& nb5 bxh4! (18. de?! is soft hand: 19.nc7+ kf8 20. nxa8 ef 21. rg3; or 18. 0-0 19. bd2 bxh4 20. bc4; the two case is white dominance19. nc7+? ke7 20. nxa8 de 21. nc7 ef. but the most direct and strongest of these is 16. qxa2! 17. qxe5 deadvantage is not smallif 16. nc3 d4 17. bxd4 ed (17. .

28、rd8? 18. qf5!) 18. qxd4 0-019. bc4 bxh420. nd5 bxd5 21. bxd5 bf6 or 19. g5 rad& black balanceif 16. ng3!? black must be in 16. . qxa.2! (16. d4 qxa.2 bd2 to wait 17.? too weak, white 18.bxd4! ed 19. nf5 qxa2 20. qxd4 offensive strong) 17. nf5 qal +1& kd2qxb2, the situation is not good, but i

29、t should be beneficial to the white side, such as: 19. nxe7! qb4+ 20. kcl qxe7 21. rel? (prevention d5-d4), or21. bg2.poirot had proposed a graceful and exceeding all expectations:16. nd2 17. qxa2 1& nb3! d4! qf5! bc4! de 19. 0-0 20.g5, bai fang，s offensive is decisive if 16. qxa2 (hope 17. nb3?

30、 a5! 1& qc3 a4 19. qxe5 ab) or encounter?17. qf5!, do not see what go blackkarpov also made good choices in the game, though not the most powerful. 16. qb3? de 17. bc4, white fang abandoned the force to ensure the black king detained middle road (17 0一0)18. g5 hg 19. bxg5! bxg5+ 20. hg g6 21. qh

31、3 wins) and then launch a tough attack return6) 1& bd5? bad, because 1& qb4. after.18. a3? it's too slow, even if it doesn，t get dark enough to b4. black will take 18 bxh4.18. rd5 to the situation in the game? it has its meritsfinally, we should study the natural king wing attack 18. g5,

32、 after 1& hg 19. hg, 19. qb4? bad: 20. g6! qxb3 21.gf+ rxf7 22. bxb3, or 20. fg 21. qxb4 bxb4 22.rxg6, you lose g7 soldiers in two changes karpov said: the only hope is that the 19. g6; whether we should take this step to black? i don，t know"some people may think that this can not damage th

33、e white side for example, 20. bd5? tough, because in 20. . qb4?! 21. bxc6+ bc 22. qxb4bxb4 23. rg4! after that, bai fang has a lot of advantages mott lev points out another interesting change: 20. rhl? if 20. qb4? (20.rd8yes, but it's not going to fail, then 21. bxf7+! rxf7 22. qe6 wins.the blac

34、k side walk 19 may 19. . g6. . . rd8!?, for example: 20.rxd8+ bxd8 21. c3 be7 white some advantages (21 bb6.22. bxb6 qxb6 23. bxf7+!) return7) 19. . . bc5? is bad chess, 20. qxb7, and then bc6+.19. qb4 will enter the black or white inferior pieces, although must choose the most accurate way to enter

35、 into this mess. at 20. bxb7 qxb3 21. ab rb822. bxe4 22. kd8 23. bc6+! (if bxa7, there are two kinds of black law was not clear: 23., rb4! and 23.kc7!?24. bxb8+ rxb8 25. bxe4 bxh4) 22. bxh4 23.bxa7, white side advantage is clear and correct however, black can be immediately returned: 21. kd7! (not 2

36、1. rb8 22 rdl+ (22) ke6! kc7.23. bxa8 rxa8 24. rd5 is definitely white side advantage, but how big the advantage is, there's still to be debated) 23. bd5+ kf6 24. g5+kf5, the result is not clear so it makes people feel to avoid folding soldiers, name1y: 20. qxb4! bxb4 21. bxb7 rb8 (21. rd8 22. c

37、3 bd6)23. bxa7) 22. bc6+ ke7 23. bxa7 ra8 (23. rbc8 24. bxe4) 24. bxa8 rxa8 25.be3 rxa2 26. kbl, white advantage is so big, almost defeating the.this step 19. rd8 combat game! so on become mutual scruples, return the multi force black also holds it can resist, white，s attacking hope can finally form

38、ally set return8) of course, bai fang is very sweet but black can respond with hague (like exchange so as to ensure the safety of e7 lattice as black king), this opportunity greatly reduced white effective attack:a) 20. bxe4?! bc5! (20. bxh4 21. qxb7 rh8! also difficult to veto) 21. qxb7 bxe3+ 22. k

39、bl(22. fe? qd2+) 22. rd2 23. fe qb6;b) 20. bxb7? bxh4! (20. bc5? 21. bc6+ ke7 22. qb7+ ke6 23. qb3+ ke7二a bc6+ ke7 (21.) and to 22. bxf2! or 22. . . bg5) 22. qb7+ kf6 black advantagethat，s why karpov preferred 20. bc4, so prevent 20. bc5, because 21. bb5+ threatens 21. qxb7you' 11 notice that, i

40、n the changes we've discussed above, more of the previously proposed proposal is to insert 18. g5! hg 19. hg g6 before the rejection, which is good for the white side return9) 23. g5? - worth noting - if 23. hg? 24. bxg5?, or 24. bxb5+ ke7 25. bxg5+ f6 26.be3 rf7 27. bc4 rb8 28. qc2, black compl

41、exion trembling. but if he's 23. b4! 24. gh gh 25. bxh6 bcgrasp initiativekarpov said: no reason 23. bxb5+, because 23. ke7 let the black car action freedom. "yes, 24. qd5 is 24. rc8 (expected)25. rfd8 or 25. . . a6), or immediately 24. . . a6? 25. bc5 qxb526. qxe5+ kd7 (but not)24 qxc3+? 25. kbl).as for karpov，s 23. qd5 in the game? what will happen after that? look at the next one return10) black 23. ke7?! is obviously missed 24. bc5!.23. qxc3+?! black lead to a difficult