英語(yǔ)詩(shī)歌的類型 Types of Poetry

1、1Part II Types of poetryvI. Narrative poetry 敘事詩(shī)v - telling a storyv - giving a verbal representation of a sequence of connected events and propels characters through a plotv - narrator2v1. Epic 史詩(shī)v - recounting in a continuous narrative the life and action of a heroic or mythological person or grou

2、p of personsv - Homer: Iliad and Odysseyv Virgil: Aeneidv Dante: Divine Comedyv Anglo-Saxon legend: Beowulfv Milton: Paradise Lost3v2. Ballad 歌謠v - a narrative poem of folk song which tells a story in simple colloquial language, usually in four-line stanzas with the second and fourth lines rhymedv -

3、 the border area between England and Scotlandv - the Middle agesv - common people, oral tradition v - traditional ballad: Robin Hood Balladsv - literary ballad: Coleridge: The Rime of the Ancient Mariner4v3. Romance 傳奇v - primarily medieval fiction in verse or prose dealing with adventures of chival

4、ry and lovev - French originv - feudal systemv - Sir Gawain and the Green Knightv - Le Morte dArthur 5II. Lyric poetry 抒情詩(shī)v- taking its name from songs sung by individuals or a chorus accompanied by the lyrev- possibly the oldest: the Song of Solomon and the Psalmsv- Francesco Petrarch Italian sonne

5、tv- love as the most important subject matterv- different from narrative poems: Narrative Lyric story song action emotion6v1. Sonnet 十四行詩(shī)v - a fourteen-line poem, written in iambic pentameter ( lines with ten syllables, with accents falling on every second syllable)v - Petrarch in Italyv - England:

6、Thomas Wyatt, Henry Howardv - Spenserian sonnet: v - Shakespearean sonnet: abab, cdcd, efef, gg 7v2. Ode 頌詩(shī)v - a form of lyric poem in which the poet highly celebrates a person, a thing or an eventv - length, stanza forms, style and purposev - Shelley: Ode to the West Windv Keats: Ode to Autumn 8v3.

7、 Song 歌v - a short lyric poem intended to be set to music in either vocal performance or with accompaniment of musical instrumentsv - Ben Jonson: Song: to Celia 9v4. Elegy 挽詩(shī);挽歌;哀歌v - elegiac (Greek and Roman)v - written in couplets consisting of a hexameter line followed by a pentameter linev - usu

8、ally a reflective poem of lamentation or regret, with no set metrical form, generally of melancholy tone, often on death v - Thomas Gray: Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard10v5. Dirge 挽歌v - originally a religious service in honor of the deadv - now any song of mourning, shorter and less formal th

9、an an elegy, and often represented as a text meant to be sung aloudv - William Shakespeare: Full Fathom Five (from Act I, Scene II, The Tempest) 11v6. Aubade 晨曲v - a morning serenade (F.) v - a poem about the coming of dawn, or a piece of music meant to be sung or played by a lover outdoors lamentin

10、g parting at daybreakv - John Donn: The Sun Risingv Robert Browning: Parting at Morning12v7. Pastoral 田園詩(shī)v - an artistic composition dealing with the life of shepherds or with a simple, rural existencev - usually idealizing shepherds lives in order to create an image of peaceful and uncorrupted exis

11、tencev - describing the simplicity, charm and serenity attributed to countryv - placing kindly, rural people in nature-centered activitiesv - William Wordsworth: Michael: A Pastoral Poem13vIII. Dramatic poetry 戲劇詩(shī)v - any verse written for the stagev - using the discourse of the characters involved t

12、o tell a story or portray a situationv - presenting the voice of an imaginary character (or characters) speaking directly, without any additional narration by the authorv - dramatic monologue by Robert Browning: My Last Duchess 14IV. Other types of poetryv1. Descriptive poetry v - devoted to the por

13、tray of external objects or scenesv - giving expression to the poets thoughts and feelings aroused by the various scenes and objects in the natural worldv - often didacticv - William Wordsworth: Composed Upon Westminster Bridge 15v2. Reflective poetryv - treating of reflections and thoughts of the a

14、uthorv - expressing a mere reflection, or more serious thoughtv - expounding human life, the relationships of man with the world by means of various methods of other types of poetry 16v3. Didactic poetryv - to instruct or to persuade, to teachv - Alexander Pope: An Essay on Criticism17v4. Satirical poetryv - exhibiting or examining human or individual vices, follies, abuses, or shortcomingsv - by means of ridi