河南省新密一高高英語語法專項復(fù)習(xí)：動詞不定式PPT課件

1、 is better than . means victory! 在很多情況下，特別是在口語中，常采用先行在很多情況下，特別是在口語中，常采用先行it代替主語，代替主語，而把不定式后置：而把不定式后置： its a great pleasure . it is not an easy thing . 這種后置不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)也適用于某些謂語動詞不是系動詞這種后置不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)也適用于某些謂語動詞不是系動詞的句子，如：的句子，如： it took us five hours . it made us very angry .不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語通常可在特定的上下文或情景不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語通?？稍谔囟?/p>

2、的上下文或情景中看出，也可以由中看出，也可以由“ for + 名詞詞組名詞詞組” 來表示，如：來表示，如： it is not hard to do a bit of good. it was difficult to do the work.某些形容詞在上述結(jié)構(gòu)中作表語時，常在不定式之前某些形容詞在上述結(jié)構(gòu)中作表語時，常在不定式之前加上加上 “of + 名詞詞組名詞詞組” 來說明不定式所指的是誰的情況，來說明不定式所指的是誰的情況，如：如： its kind to think so much of us. its very nice to be so considerate. its unw

3、ise to turn down the proposal. it was careless to make such a mistake. 1主語和表語都是不定式（其含義往往一是條件，一是結(jié)果），主語和表語都是不定式（其含義往往一是條件，一是結(jié)果），如：如： to be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. to do that would be to cut the foot to fit the shoe.削足適履削足適履2主語是以主語是以aim, duty, hope, idea, intention, mistake, pla

4、n, proposal, job, suggestion 等為中心詞的名詞詞組，或以等為中心詞的名詞詞組，或以 what 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句表示，后面的不定式說明其內(nèi)容，如：句表示，后面的不定式說明其內(nèi)容，如： my idea is . your mistake was . my suggestion is . what i would suggest is . 1“”。這類動詞常見的有：。這類動詞常見的有：afford, agree, arrange, ask, choose, decide, demand, desire, expect, hope, learn, manage

5、, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, like, hate, prefer, continue, try, start, forget, mean, intend, begin, 等，例如：等，例如： ive arranged . i didnt expect .2“”。（這種不定式結(jié)構(gòu)接。（這種不定式結(jié)構(gòu)接近一個名詞從句）。這類動詞常見的有：近一個名詞從句）。這類動詞常見的有：tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, forget, know, explai

6、n, remember, see, understand, wonder 等。等。 疑問詞（也稱連接代疑問詞（也稱連接代/副詞）有：副詞）有：what, where, who(m), when, how, whether, which（why 除外），如：除外），如： i dont know what to do / where to go / who(m) to ask / when to stop / how to get there. i havent decided whether to sell it or not. we must find out what to do next

7、/ where to put it.注注 ：如果作賓語的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)有自己的補語，則應(yīng)使用先行如果作賓語的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)有自己的補語，則應(yīng)使用先行 it，把不定式后置，例如：把不定式后置，例如： i find it difficult to understand him. we thought it wrong not to help her. they found it impossible to get everything ready in time.注注 ：不定式結(jié)構(gòu)一般不可作介詞賓語不定式結(jié)構(gòu)一般不可作介詞賓語, 只有在個別場合只有在個別場合, 即在含有即在含有否定意義的帶有介詞否定意義的

8、帶有介詞 except 或或 but (=except) 的結(jié)構(gòu)中才能這樣用，的結(jié)構(gòu)中才能這樣用，例如：例如： he seldom comes except . the child nothing except . she can anything but .她除了唱歌之外她除了唱歌之外, 什么都會做。什么都會做。 he will anything for you except . they could nothing but . 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)可以作狀語，修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞等，表示不定式結(jié)構(gòu)可以作狀語，修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞等，表示等。等。 they ran over . he bought

9、 a bicycle . he went home .為了強調(diào)表示目的的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，特別是在不定式結(jié)構(gòu)前有否為了強調(diào)表示目的的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，特別是在不定式結(jié)構(gòu)前有否定詞定詞 not 時，通?？梢栽诓欢ㄊ椒枙r，通?？梢栽诓欢ㄊ椒?to 之前加上之前加上 in order 或或 so as，如：，如： he came here to see charlie. he shouted and waved to be noticed. he went early not to miss the train. i turned the radio down not to disturb him.表示目的

10、的不定式可以置于句首，這也是區(qū)別于其他功能的標(biāo)表示目的的不定式可以置于句首，這也是區(qū)別于其他功能的標(biāo)志之一。但是，置于句首表示目的的不定式之前可以加上志之一。但是，置于句首表示目的的不定式之前可以加上in order，但卻不可以加上但卻不可以加上so as ，如：，如： to draw maps properly, you need a special pen. to get the best results, use clean water. what have i said to make you so angry?he came round to find himself in hosp

11、ital. would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle / tell me the time? im not such a fool as to believe that. the boy is old enough to go to school. his eyesight is too poor to read such small letters. 下列句子中的不表示結(jié)果，也無否定含義：下列句子中的不表示結(jié)果，也無否定含義： im only too glad to go. (= im very glad to go.) i shall

12、be only too pleased to get home. (= i shall be very pleased to get home.) she wept to hear the news. i pretend to be happy to know him. he laughed to see such fun. she seemed surprised to meet us. dont force yourself when you have nothing to say.did you see a young man ? 表示表示“希望希望”“”“愿望愿望”等心理狀態(tài)的動詞，如

13、：等心理狀態(tài)的動詞，如：wish, desire, expect, love, prefer, encourage, trust 等。等。 what do you desire me ? the director preferred her . 含有含有“讓讓”“”“允許允許”“”“促使促使”“”“致使致使”等祈使意義的動詞，如：等祈使意義的動詞，如：let, allow, permit, decide, mean, lead, bring, put, hurry, cause, 等。等。 we mustnt let this . his father put him . 帶有帶有“請求請求”

14、“”“懇求懇求”等感情色彩的動詞，如：等感情色彩的動詞，如：ask, desire, invite, beg, request, worry 等。等。 he begged me . she was always worrying her father . 含有含有“建議建議”“”“勸告勸告”等意義的動詞，如：等意義的動詞，如：advise, persuade, call on, urge 等。等。 he urged us . the dentist advised me . 含有含有“命令命令”“”“強迫強迫”“”“禁止禁止”等意義的動詞，如：等意義的動詞，如：order, command,

15、require, charge, tell, make, force, drive, forbid, warn 等。等。 he required us . the doctor ordered him . i warn you . 其他還有：其他還有：help, teach, show, assist, report, bear, wait for, train, depend on 等。等。 he promised to teach me . we should train them . we are waiting for the train . did you see anyone ?

16、dont imagine yourself . we find him . he set the boys . ill leave him .有些動詞用有些動詞用與用與用作賓語補足語，所表達的意作賓語補足語，所表達的意義是有差別的。一般說來，用不定式表示一次性動作或動作的完成義是有差別的。一般說來，用不定式表示一次性動作或動作的完成（即全過程）；而用現(xiàn)在分詞則表示動作正在進行，即：謂語動詞（即全過程）；而用現(xiàn)在分詞則表示動作正在進行，即：謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生時，現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作正在進行，如：所表示的動作發(fā)生時，現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作正在進行，如： did you see anyone e

17、nter the house? he saw his father talking with his teacher. i once heard him sing this song. she heard mr. white singing in the next room. he observed someone open the door. i watched them get into the car. did you notice him leave the room?如：如： do you often help your mother (to) do the housework?如：

18、如： the boss made them from morning till night. they were made from morning till night.例如：例如：who heard him say that? they invited us to go there this summer. 如果不定式所表示的動作在謂語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生，這個如果不定式所表示的動作在謂語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生，這個不定式就要用不定式就要用，如：，如： im glad to have seen your mother. he is said to have written a new boo

19、k about workers.(it is said that he has written a new book about workers.) the enemy was reported to have surrendered.(it was reported that the enemy had surrendered.) she seemed to have heard about it already.(it seemed that she had already heard about it.)they are said to be building another bridg

20、e across the river. they seem to be getting along quite well. i happened to be going that way too.we didnt expect you to be waiting for us here.i am glad to be working with you. its nice of you to be thinking of us. they are said to have been collecting folk songs in yunnan. she wished to have been

21、training as hard as the others. its a great pleasure to have been working with you.it is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.she asked to be sent to work in xinjiang.he wanted the letter to be typed at once. she didnt like herself to be praised like that.the books are not allowed to be taken out of the room. are you going to the meet