時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

1、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句定義: 用表示時(shí)間的連詞連接一個(gè)句子作狀語(yǔ)，這樣的主從復(fù)合句就是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。連接時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有：when, before, after, while, as soon as, until, since. 這里要注意一點(diǎn)的是，如果主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)意義。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句由when，while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.當(dāng)你以為自己一無(wú)所知的時(shí)候，你就是在開始知道一些事物了。Strike while the iron is hot

2、. 趁熱打鐵。You can feel the air moving as your hand pushes through it.當(dāng)你的手在空氣中揮動(dòng)的時(shí)候，你就能感覺(jué)到空氣在流動(dòng)。Our headmaster laughed as she spoke. 我們的校長(zhǎng)邊談邊笑。主要時(shí)態(tài)：主現(xiàn)從不限；主過(guò)從四過(guò)；主將從現(xiàn)。when, while和as的區(qū)別（1）when引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞，可以是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞。并且when有時(shí)表示“就在那時(shí)”。例如：When she came in, I stopped eating.她進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)，我停止吃飯。(瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞)When I lived in

3、 the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.當(dāng)我住在農(nóng)村時(shí)，我常常為他擔(dān)水。（延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞）We were about to leave when he came in.我們就要離開，就在那時(shí)他進(jìn)來(lái)了。（2）While引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作必須是延續(xù)性的，并強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生（或者相對(duì)應(yīng)）。并且while有時(shí)還可以表示對(duì)比。例如：While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞，was reading和was wat

4、ching同時(shí)發(fā)生) 。I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜歡踢足球，而你喜歡打籃球。（對(duì)比）（3）As表示“一邊一邊”，as引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作，一般用于主句和從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；as也可以強(qiáng)調(diào)“一先一后。例如：We always sing as we walk.我們總是邊走邊唱。（as表示“一邊一邊”）As we were going out, it began to snow.當(dāng)我們出門時(shí)，開始下雪了。（as強(qiáng)調(diào)句中兩個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接著先后發(fā)生，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)開始下雪的特定時(shí)間）由before和after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間

5、狀語(yǔ)從句注意：before引導(dǎo)的從句不再用否定式的謂語(yǔ)，并且當(dāng)before引導(dǎo)的從句位于主句之后，有時(shí)譯成“就，才”。還要注意主句和從句之間的時(shí)間關(guān)系。當(dāng)主句用將來(lái)時(shí)，從句總是用現(xiàn)在時(shí)；如果before引導(dǎo)的主句謂語(yǔ)用的是過(guò)去完成時(shí)，則從句動(dòng)詞多用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，這樣以便體現(xiàn)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后。After表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作之后。主句和 從句的動(dòng)作的時(shí)間關(guān)系正好與before引導(dǎo)的從句相反。例如：It will be four days before they come back. 他們要過(guò)四天才能回來(lái)。Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw

6、me.愛(ài)因斯坦幾乎把我撞倒才看到我。My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父親恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。They had not been married four months before they were divorced. 他們結(jié)婚還不到四個(gè)月就離婚了。After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔細(xì)考慮過(guò)以后，告訴我你是怎樣決定的。After we had finished the work, we went home.

7、完成工作之后，我們回家了。（從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)）由till或until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。till和until一般情況下兩者可以互換，但是在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中多用until。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，必須用否定形式；如果主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表達(dá)的意思不同。till不可以用在句首，而until可以放在句首。例如：I didn't go to bed until（till） my father came back.直到我父親回來(lái)我才上床睡覺(jué)。It was not until the meeting was over th

8、at he began to teach me English.直到散會(huì)之后他才開始教我英語(yǔ)。I worked until he came back.我工作到他回來(lái)為止。I didn't work until he came back.他回來(lái)我這才開始工作。Please wait until I arrived.在我到達(dá)之前請(qǐng)等我。由since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。since引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞，又可以是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞。一般情況下，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，而主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。但在It is +時(shí)間+since從句的句型中，主句多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如：I have b

9、een in Beijing since you left. 自從你離開以來(lái)，我一直在北京了。Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你見(jiàn)面以后，你到哪里去了？It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我們老板離開北京有五個(gè)月了。由as soon as, 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。（了解）這些連詞都表示“一就”。例如：I will go there directly

10、 I have finished my breakfast. 吃完早飯，我立即到那里去。The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.我一聽到消息，馬上趕到了出事地點(diǎn)。As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大，就給你來(lái)電話。注意：hardly(scarcely, rarely)when / before, no soonerthan相當(dāng)于as soon as之意。主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。當(dāng)hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于

11、句首時(shí)，主句應(yīng)用倒裝語(yǔ)序。例如：He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他剛到家，就被邀請(qǐng)開始另一旅程。No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太陽(yáng)剛從地平線上升起，他就起床勞動(dòng)去了。Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我剛坐下，他就進(jìn)來(lái)了。He had hardly fallen aslee

12、p when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.這個(gè)阿拉伯人剛要入睡就感到肩膀上被輕輕一觸。由by the time引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。注意時(shí)態(tài)的變化：在一般情況下，如果從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；如果從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。例如：By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回來(lái)時(shí)，我已經(jīng)寫完這本書了。By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work

13、. 你明天來(lái)這兒的時(shí)候，我將已經(jīng)完成此工作了。由each time, every time等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。例如：Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me. 他每次來(lái)哈爾濱，總是來(lái)看我。Whenever that man says“To tell the truth”, I suspect that he's about to tell a lie.每當(dāng)那個(gè)人說(shuō)“說(shuō)實(shí)在話”的時(shí)候，我猜想他就要說(shuō)謊了。You grow younger every time I see you. 每次遇到你，見(jiàn)你更年輕了。由as long as和

14、so long as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。這兩個(gè)連詞表示“只要“例如：You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark. 你可以隨意到哪里去，只要在天黑以前回來(lái)就行。I will fight against these conditions as long as there is a breath in my body! 只要我一息尚存，我就要反對(duì)這種境況。一、when“當(dāng)時(shí)”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句用于表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的特定時(shí)間。如：The days get longer when spring comes. = Wh

15、en spring comes, the days get longer.春天到來(lái)時(shí)，白天變得更長(zhǎng)了。二、before“在之前”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作之前。如：Close the door before you leave the room.離開房間前關(guān)上門。三、after“在之后”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作之后。如：I went to school after I finished my breakfast.吃完早飯后我就去上學(xué)了。四、as soon as“一就”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，表示主句動(dòng)作緊接著從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生。如：Ill call y

16、ou as soon as I get home.我一到家就給你打電話。五、until, till“直到”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主句常用肯定形式；當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主句要用否定形式，即“notuntil/till”意為“直到才”。如：Ill wait here until/till the rain stops.我將在這里等著，直到雨停。You cant go home until/till you finish your work.直到你完成你的工作，你才能回家。時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)和從句的位置狀語(yǔ)從句的兩手絕活時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)和從句的位置。請(qǐng)看： 第一點(diǎn)時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)一

17、般來(lái)講，復(fù)合句都要遵循主、從句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)規(guī)律，狀語(yǔ)從句也不例外。即主句用現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句也用現(xiàn)在時(shí)；主句用過(guò)去時(shí)，從句也用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。如：Be careful when you cross the road.過(guò)馬路時(shí)要小心。You must see the doctor if you are ill.如果你生病了，你必須去看醫(yī)生主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句也要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：When he was seven years old, he could swim.當(dāng)他七歲時(shí)就會(huì)游泳。She turned off the light before she left the office.她離開辦公室前就關(guān)

18、了燈。第二點(diǎn)主從句的位置，大多數(shù)情況下，從句可以位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。不過(guò)從句在前時(shí)，主從句之間必須用逗號(hào)隔開。如：Please tell me when he comes back. = When he comes back, please tell me.這是一般現(xiàn)在，一般過(guò)去，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行，過(guò)去進(jìn)行，現(xiàn)在完成，過(guò)去完成，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行，一般將來(lái)，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):1.Often,usually-動(dòng)詞原型do,does,am,is, are2.yesterday,last Sunday,in the past-動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式did,was,were3.now-be+doing4.wh

19、ile,at that time,-was doing,were doing5.since從句,for 2 days,-have done,have been+過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)-had done,had been7.與現(xiàn)在完成相似-have been+持續(xù)動(dòng)詞ing形式8.一切表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，in+一段時(shí)間-將來(lái)要發(fā)生的一般性動(dòng)作,will,shall+原型9.與一般將來(lái)時(shí)相似-would+原型時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)every, sometimes, at , on Sunday,一般過(guò)去時(shí)yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in

20、 1982, just now一般將來(lái)時(shí)next, tomorrow, in+時(shí)間,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always, recently過(guò)去完成時(shí)before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening when, while將來(lái)

21、進(jìn)行時(shí)soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, by this time, tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening從句語(yǔ)法 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)在復(fù)合句中，擔(dān)任狀語(yǔ)成分的從句稱為狀語(yǔ)從句。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的時(shí)間。狀語(yǔ)從句由連詞引導(dǎo)，其位置通?？梢苑旁诰涫谆蚓淠?。放在句首是，常用逗號(hào)與主句分開；放在句末時(shí)，從句前面往往不加逗號(hào)。引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句中，動(dòng)作發(fā)生在先的用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，在后的用過(guò)去時(shí)。表示前面的敘述所沒(méi)有提到過(guò)的信息。它總是對(duì)所描述的事件予以引人注目的強(qiáng)調(diào)，意為“這時(shí)；突然”；當(dāng)位于句末的分

22、句具有引種用法時(shí)，大致有以下三種情況：A. when 分句前面的分句使用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：(1) He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in. 他正笑著的時(shí)候，門突然開了，他妻子走了進(jìn)來(lái)。(2) I was thinking of this when I heard my name called. 我正想著這件事時(shí)，突然聽到有人叫我的名字。B. when 分句前面的分句使用 was （were） about to， was （were） on the point 等。如：(1) We were about to s

23、tart when it began to rain. 我們剛要出發(fā)就開始下雨了。(2) He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door. 他剛要走就有人敲門。C. when 分句之前的分句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，其中 sb had hardly / scarcely /barely when 已成為固定詞組。如：(1) We had hardly fallen asleep when the bell rang. 我們剛剛?cè)胨?，鈴聲就響了起?lái)。(2) He had scarcely arrived when he had

24、to leave again. 他剛剛到達(dá)就又要離開了。表示條件，相當(dāng)于 if ，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。如：How can I get a job when I can't even read or write？ 如果我連讀和寫都不會(huì)，我怎么能找到工作呢？4. 表示對(duì)比，主要有以下兩種情況：A. 相當(dāng)于 whereas， while， since， 意為“既然；然而”。如：(1) How can I help them to understand when they won't listen to me？ 既然他們不愿聽我的，我又怎么能幫助他們弄明白呢？(2)They have o

25、nly three copies when we need five. 他們只有三本，而我們卻需要五本。B. when 從句中使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，意為“本來(lái)卻”。如：(1) She paid when she could have entered free. 本來(lái)可以免費(fèi)入場(chǎng)，而她卻付了款。(2) She stopped trying when she might have succeeded next time. 她本來(lái)下次有可能獲得成功，但她卻不再嘗試了。(3) They were gossiping， when they should have been working. 他們本該工作，卻在那

26、里說(shuō)別人的閑話。原因狀語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的原因，一般由because,since,as等引導(dǎo)。because語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)，用來(lái)說(shuō)明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的問(wèn)題。當(dāng)原因是顯而易見(jiàn)的或者已為人們所知，就用as 或since 。用法時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和原因狀語(yǔ)從句的用法可以用八個(gè)字來(lái)概況：主將從現(xiàn)或主過(guò)從過(guò)主將從現(xiàn)：主句用了將來(lái)時(shí)，從句就要用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。主過(guò)從過(guò)：主句用了過(guò)去時(shí)，從句也要用過(guò)去時(shí)。一詞多義對(duì)before從句的理解before的本意為“在之前”，根據(jù)具體語(yǔ)境還可理解為“還沒(méi)來(lái)得及/還沒(méi)有就，趁著還沒(méi)就，不知不覺(jué)就，才”等。如：I had not sat long befor

27、e he came back. 我沒(méi)坐多久他就回來(lái)了。He almost knocked me down before he saw me. 他幾乎把我撞倒才看到我。Before I could get in a word, he measured me. 我還來(lái)得及插話，他就給我量好了尺寸。Ill water the flowers before it gets dark. 我要趁著天還沒(méi)黑把花澆好水。Be a pupil before you become a teacher. 先做學(xué)生，后做先生。Time passed quickly and three months went by b

28、efore she knew it. 時(shí)間過(guò)得飛快，她不知不覺(jué)就在那里度過(guò)了三個(gè)月I will die before I will betray my country. 我寧可死也不會(huì)背叛我的國(guó)家。對(duì)since從句的理解1. since從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是終止性動(dòng)詞照字面意思理解。如：Ive been feeling down since I lost my job. 自從失去工作后,我的情緒一直處于低潮。2. since從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，且為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)，仍然按字面意思理解。如：She has never come to see me since I have lived in the c

29、ity. 自從我住到城里，她就一直不來(lái)看我。3. since從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，且為一般過(guò)去時(shí)時(shí)，按與字面意思相反的意思理解。如：I have made great progress since I was ill. 我自病愈以來(lái)取得了很大的進(jìn)步。4.since前有ever，或從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be且后接表示人成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中的某個(gè)階段或年齡的名詞、形容詞時(shí)，仍然按字面意思理解。如：I have lived here ever since I was a child. 我從還是個(gè)孩子時(shí)就一直住在這兒。對(duì)till/until從句的理解1. 主句為肯定式，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，且該動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)

30、作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到until/till從句所表示的時(shí)間為止，可譯作“（直）到”。如：He waited until/till I returned. 他一直等到我回來(lái)。2. 主句為否定式（包括含no, nobody, nothing, never, hardly, little等否定詞的肯定句），若主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，則該動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作在until/till從句表示的時(shí)間開始發(fā)生。一般先譯從句“直到”，后譯主句，not 譯成“才”，即“直到才”。如：His mother didnt leave until/till he was asleep. 直到他睡著了，他母親才離開。Nobod

31、y can leave until/till the meeting is over. 直到散會(huì)才能離開。3. 主句為否定式，若主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，則須根據(jù)上下文去理解until/till從句的含義，一般譯為“直到才”或“沒(méi)有到”。如：He didnt wait until/till I returned. 他沒(méi)有等到我回來(lái)。She didnt sleep until/till I returned. 她直到我回來(lái)才睡著。其他 從屬連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的普通類從屬連詞有when（當(dāng)時(shí)），while（在期間），as（當(dāng)，一邊一邊），before（在之前），after（在之后），since（

32、從以來(lái)），till/until（直到），whenever（無(wú)論何時(shí)），as soon as（一就）等。如：When I went into the classroom, he was reading. 當(dāng)我走進(jìn)教室時(shí)，他正在看書。He read a newspaper as he went along. 他邊走邊看報(bào)紙。We must strike while the iron is hot. 我們必須趁熱打鐵。I will tell you after they leave. 等他們走后我再告訴你。I told him to come back whenever he wants to. 我

33、告訴他什么時(shí)候想回來(lái)就回來(lái)。I waited till/until she was back. 我一直等到她回來(lái)。Once time is gone, you will never get it back. 時(shí)間一旦失去就再也得不到了注意：在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，不能用一般將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)或?qū)?lái)完成時(shí)，而要用相應(yīng)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)來(lái)代替。如：Ill telephone you as soon as I get there. 我一到達(dá)那里就打電話給你。She said she would phone me as soon as she got there. 她說(shuō)她一到達(dá)那里就給

34、我電話。Dont get off the bus until it has stopped. 等車停穩(wěn)后才下車。強(qiáng)調(diào)句強(qiáng)調(diào)句的句型是：It is (was) 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that (who) + 句子其他部分It was seven o'clock when we reached the station.（狀語(yǔ)從句）=It was "at" seven o'clock "that" we reached the station.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句，定語(yǔ)從句）強(qiáng)調(diào)句和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別是：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句可以去掉，不影響句子的完整性。而強(qiáng)調(diào)句that/

35、who引導(dǎo)的句子是不能去掉的，否則句子就不完整了，單獨(dú)的“It was at seven o'clock”是錯(cuò)誤的。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別其實(shí)跟上面說(shuō)的是一樣的，強(qiáng)調(diào)句型其實(shí)就是一種特殊的定語(yǔ)從句。本身最簡(jiǎn)單的表達(dá)法是：We reached the station at seven o'clock.然后為了強(qiáng)調(diào)"at seven o'clock",就變成了強(qiáng)調(diào)句It was "at seven o'clock" that we reached the staion，同時(shí)它也是定語(yǔ)從句：從句“that we reached the staion”修飾的是it=the time.時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句常用的連詞有：when，as，while，before，after，since，till，until，as soon as，once?！纠緽