高中定語從句與表語從句講解

1、unit 1 grammarthe past participle (1) as the attribute and the predicativelook at the dialogue and find the use of the past participle.- look at the excited boy! why is he so happy?- he has got the first prize in the contest.- no wonder he is excited!(attribute)(predicative)課文回顧課文回顧 請分析下列課文句子的過去分詞的用

2、法。 he found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from london. so many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. he became interested in two theories.(attribute)(attribute)(predicative) but he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people

3、exposed to cholera. neither its cause nor its cure was understood. he immediately told the astonished people in broad street to remove the handle.question:什么是定語？什么是表語？(predicative)(attribute)(predicative)(attribute)定語的概念：表語的概念:相當于形容詞，在句中修飾名詞或代詞的成分相當于形容詞，在句中修飾名詞或代詞的成分。說明主語的身份、特征或狀態(tài)；位于系動詞之說明主語的身份、特征或狀

4、態(tài)；位于系動詞之后，如后，如be, appear, look, get, become, turn, grow, feel, smell, touch, taste, remain, seem一、動詞過去分詞用作定語的位置1.the encouraged people are excited.2.john snow is a well-known physician.3.he is one of those invited.4.nothing reported (in the newspaper) interested him.5.the girl named may is in our cl

5、ass. 6.we are studying in a school built 14 years ago. 1、單個的過去分詞或由過去分詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)、單個的過去分詞或由過去分詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞作定語，一般放在所修飾詞的前面，稱合形容詞作定語，一般放在所修飾詞的前面，稱為為前置定語前置定語。 encouraged people a well-known physician 注注:單個的過去分詞修飾單個的過去分詞修飾 something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody等等 不定代詞或指示代詞不定代詞或指示代詞those時時, 要放在

6、這些詞的后面。要放在這些詞的后面。2、 過去分詞短語作定語過去分詞短語作定語通常放在被修飾詞的后面通常放在被修飾詞的后面,稱為后置定語。稱為后置定語。 the girl named may a school built 14 years ago二、過去分詞作定語可與相對應(yīng)的定語從句相互轉(zhuǎn)換例：1、he found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from london.he found that it came from the river which/ that was polluted by the dirty

7、 water from london.2、we are studying in a school built 14 years ago.we are studying in a school which / that was built 14 years ago.三、過去分詞作定語表示的意義 及物動詞的過去分詞及物動詞的過去分詞a used stampa broken windowastonished peoplea closed door一枚用過的郵票一扇破碎的窗戶受驚嚇的人們一扇關(guān)上的門 不及物動詞的過去分詞fallen leavesthe risen sunthe advanced co

8、untriesa drunk man落葉落葉升起來的太陽升起來的太陽發(fā)達國家發(fā)達國家一個醉鬼一個醉鬼1、及物動詞的過去分詞作定語時一般兼有、及物動詞的過去分詞作定語時一般兼有被動和完成的意義。被動和完成的意義。2、不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語時、不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語時只有完只有完成意義。成意義。四、v- ing與v- ed作定語時的區(qū)別1）語態(tài)不同：）語態(tài)不同：v-ing表主動含義，表主動含義，v-ed表被動含義。表被動含義。an inspiring speech 鼓舞人心的演說鼓舞人心的演說the inspired audience 受鼓舞的聽眾受鼓舞的聽眾the falling lea

9、ves 落葉（正往下落的落葉（正往下落的)the fallen leaves落葉（已落到地面的落葉（已落到地面的)2）時間關(guān)系不同）時間關(guān)系不同: v-ing 表示動作正在進行表示動作正在進行, v-ed 表示動作已完成。表示動作已完成。3）及物動詞的過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式都可表示被）及物動詞的過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式都可表示被動動,但但-ed表示一個完成了的動作表示一個完成了的動作, 而而being done多表示一多表示一個正在進行的動作。個正在進行的動作。 the problem discussed yesterday has something to do with us. th

10、e problem being discussed now has something to do with us.動詞過去分詞作表語1、什么是表語？he became interested in two theories.but he became inspired when he thought aboutneither its cause nor its cure was understood. 2、過去分詞作表語，構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)與被、過去分詞作表語，構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)與被 動語態(tài)的區(qū)別：動語態(tài)的區(qū)別：(1)過去分詞作表語，構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)，被動意味很弱，主要強調(diào)主語所處的狀態(tài)。(2)被動語態(tài)

11、說明主語是動作的承受者，后常跟by短語，強調(diào)的是動作。例：the cup is broken.the cup was broken by tom.杯子碎了。(強調(diào)杯子目前的狀態(tài))杯子是tom打碎的。(強調(diào)打碎的動作)一部令人激動的電影一個感到激動的孩子一個令人失望的男孩一個感到失望的男孩一種失望的表情an exciting filman excited boya disappointing boya disappointed boya disappointed expressiontranslationhe is an interesting person.i am interested in

12、 the book.他是一個有趣的人。我對這本書感興趣。表示情感的動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作形容詞的用法和區(qū)別表示情感的動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞作形容詞，其主語通常為（ ），有時為（ ），常翻譯為：令人常翻譯為：令人 ；而這類動詞的過去分詞做形容詞，其主語一般為（ ），有時為（ ），而這種事物仍與人有關(guān)，常翻譯為：感到常翻譯為：感到。物人人物(1)from his _ look on his face, the price of meatmust have risen. a. disappointed b. disappointing(2) he hung up the phone with a _ s

13、mile on his face. a. satisfied b. satisfyingchoose the best answer.(3) judging from her _ face, she must be in trouble. a. puzzled b. puzzling(4) the _ parents are not _ with their _ son. a. disappointing b. disappointed c. satisfied d. satisfactoryaaabcapractice1、complete the following sentences wi

14、th the words given.(1)the boys were_ when they heard the _ news. (excite)(2)his _ look suggested that he knew nothing about it. (surprise)(3)our class went on an _trip last monday. (organize)(4)did you attend the meeting _ yesterday? (hold)(5)when he was seeing the _ film (bore), he was very _(disap

15、point).excitedexcitingsurprisedorganizedheldboringdisappointed2、根據(jù)中文完成下列句子。(1)他們對眼前悲慘的景象感到很害怕。 at the sad sight.(2)中國分秒必爭，以便趕上發(fā)達國家。 china has no time to lose to catch up with _in the world.(3)他們減少了用于實驗的動物數(shù)量。they reduced the number of animals_.(4)輸?shù)裟菆霰荣惡?，她看上去很失望?after she lost the game.(5)下調(diào)了的價格每一打?qū)?jié)省你一美元。 will save you one do