形容詞和副詞

1、形容詞和副詞 一、形容詞及其用法形容詞修飾名詞，說明事物或人的性質(zhì)或特征。通常，可將形容詞分成性質(zhì)形容詞和敘述形容詞兩類，其位置不一定都放在名詞前面。1）直接說明事物的性質(zhì)或特征的形容詞是性質(zhì)形容詞，它有級(jí)的變化，可以用程度副詞修飾，在句中可作定語、表語和補(bǔ)語。例如：hot。2）敘述形容詞只能作表語，所以又稱為表語形容詞。這類形容詞沒有級(jí)的變化，也不可用程度副詞修飾。大多數(shù)以a開頭的形容詞都屬于這一類。例如：afraid 害怕的。（錯(cuò)）He is an ill man. （對(duì)）The man is ill.（錯(cuò)）She is an afraid girl.（對(duì)）The girl is afra

2、id.這類詞還有：well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。3）形容詞作定語修飾名詞時(shí)，要放在名詞的前邊。但是如果形容詞修飾以-thing為字尾的詞語時(shí)，要放在這些詞之后。例如：something nice. 4）以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞 a）大部分形容詞詞尾加-ly可構(gòu)成副詞。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍為形容詞。改錯(cuò)： （錯(cuò)）She sang lovely.（對(duì)）Her singing was lovely.（錯(cuò)）He

3、 spoke to me very friendly.（對(duì)）He spoke to me in a very friendly way.b）有些以-ly結(jié)尾的詞既為形容詞，也為副詞，如daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early等。例如： The Times is a weekly paper. 時(shí)代周刊為周刊。The Times is published weekly. 時(shí)代周刊每周發(fā)行一期。 5) 用形容詞表示類別和整體 a）某些形容詞加上定冠詞可以泛指一類人，與謂語動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)連接，如the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the

4、blind，the hungry等。例如：The poor are losing hope. 窮人行將失去希望。b）有關(guān)國家和民族的形容詞加上定冠詞指這個(gè)民族的整體，與動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)連用，如the British，the English，the French，the Chinese等。例如：The English have wonderful sense of humor. 英國人頗有幽默感。6) 多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞的順序 多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)，其順序?yàn)椋合薅ㄔ~-數(shù)詞-描繪詞-（大小，長短，形狀，新舊，顏色）-出處-材料性質(zhì)-類別-名詞。例如：a small round table/ a tall

5、 gray building/ a dirty old brown shirt/ a famous German medical school/ an expensive Japanese sports car 典型例題1）Tony is going camping with _ boys. A. little two otherB. two little otherC. two other littleD. little other two答案：C。由“限定詞-數(shù)詞-描繪詞-（大小，長短，形狀，新舊，顏色）-性質(zhì)-名詞”的順序可知數(shù)詞，描繪詞，性質(zhì)依次順序，只有C符合答案。2）One day

6、 they crossed the _bridge behind the palace.A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone C. old stone ChineseD. Chinese stone old答案A. 幾個(gè)形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞，它們的排列順序是：年齡，形狀，大小+顏色+來源+質(zhì)地+用途+國家+名詞。3）- How was your recent visit to Qingdao?- It was great. We visited some friends，and spent the _days at the seaside.A. fe

7、w last sunnyB. last few sunnyC. last sunny fewD. few sunny last答案：B。本題考查多個(gè)形容詞的排序問題。一般與被修飾形容詞關(guān)系密切的形容詞靠近名詞；如果幾個(gè)形容詞的重要性差不多，音節(jié)少的形容詞放在前，音節(jié)多的放在后，在不能確定時(shí)，可參照：限定詞+數(shù)量詞（序數(shù)詞在前，基數(shù)詞在后）+性狀形容詞+大小、長短、高低等形體+新舊+顏色+國籍+材料+名詞，如those + three + beautiful + large + square +old + brown + wood + table。 二、副詞及其基本用法副詞主要用來修飾動(dòng)詞，形容

8、詞，副詞或其他結(jié)構(gòu)。(一)、副詞的位置1）在動(dòng)詞之前。2）在be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞之后。 3）有多個(gè)助動(dòng)詞時(shí)，副詞一般放在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞后。注意：a. 大多數(shù)方式副詞位于句尾，但賓語過長，副詞可以提前，以使句子平衡。例如： We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.我們清楚地看到前面有奇怪的光。b. 方式副詞well，badly，hard等只放在句尾。例如：He speaks English well. 他英語說得好。(二) 、副詞的排列順序：1）時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)副詞，小單位的在前，大單位的在后。2）方式副詞，短的在前，長的在后，并用and或

9、but等連詞連接。例如：Please write slowly and carefully. 請(qǐng)寫得慢一些，仔細(xì)一些。3）多個(gè)不同副詞排列：程度+地點(diǎn)+方式+時(shí)間副詞。注意：副詞very 可以修飾形容詞，但不能修飾動(dòng)詞。改錯(cuò)：（錯(cuò)）I very like English.（對(duì)）I like English very much.注意：副詞enough要放在形容詞的后面，形容詞enough放在名詞前后都可。例如：I dont know him well enough. 我對(duì)他不熟悉。There is enough food for everyone to eat.有足夠的食物供每個(gè)人吃。There

10、 is food enough for everyone to eat.(三)、兼有兩種形式的副詞 1）close與closelyclose意思是“近”；closely 意思是“仔細(xì)地”。例如：He is sitting close to me. 他就坐在我邊上。Watch him closely. 盯著他。2）late 與latelylate意思是“晚”；lately 意思是“最近”。例如：You have come too late. 你來得太晚了。What have you been doing lately? 近來好嗎？3）deep與deeplydeep意思是“深”，表示空間深度；de

11、eply時(shí)常表示感情上的深度，“深深地”。例如：He pushed the stick deep into the mud.他把棍子深深插進(jìn)泥里。Even father was deeply moved by the film.老爸也被電影深深打動(dòng)了。4）high與highlyhigh表示空間高度；highly表示程度，相當(dāng)于much。例如：The plane was flying high. 這架飛機(jī)飛得很高。I think highly of your opinion. 你的看法很有道理。5）wide與widelywide表示空間寬度；widely意思是“廣泛地”，“在許多地方”。例如：H

12、e opened the door wide. 他把門開得大大的。English is widely used in the world.英語在世界范圍內(nèi)廣泛使用。6）free與freelyfree的意思是"免費(fèi)"；freely 的意思是"無限制地"。例如：You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.無論什么時(shí)候，我這飯鋪免費(fèi)對(duì)你開放。You may speak freely; say what you like.你可以暢所欲言，想說什么就說什么。三、形容詞與副詞的比較級(jí)大多數(shù)形容詞（性質(zhì)形容詞

13、）和副詞有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化，即原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)，用來表示事物的等級(jí)差別。原級(jí)即形容詞的原形，比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。1）規(guī)則變化單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞，加詞尾-er，-est來構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。構(gòu)成法原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)一般單音節(jié)詞末尾加-er,-esttalltallertallest以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)以- le結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞只加-r,-stnicenicernicest以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞，雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音字母，再加-er,-estbigbiggerbiggest“以輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，改y為i，再加-er，-est busybu

14、sierbusiest少數(shù)以-er,-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞末尾加-er,-estclever/narrowcleverer/ narrowercleverest/ narrowest其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，在前面加more，most來構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)important/ easilymore important/ more easilymost important/ most easily2）不規(guī)則變化原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)goodbetterbestwell（健康的）worseworstBadill（有病的）Oldolder/elderoldest/eldestmuch/manymoremostL

15、ittlelessleastfar farther/furtherfarthest/furthest（一）、as + 形容詞或副詞原級(jí) + as 1）在否定句或疑問句中可用so as。例如：He cannot run so/as fast as you. 他沒你跑得快。2）當(dāng)as as 中間有名詞時(shí)采用以下格式：as +形容詞+ a +單數(shù)名詞/ as + many/much +名詞。例如：This is as good an example as the other is. 這個(gè)例子和另外一個(gè)一樣好。I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少紙，我

16、也能。3）用表示倍數(shù)的詞或其他程度副詞做修飾語時(shí)，放在as的前面。例如：This room is twice as big as that one. 這房間的面積是那間的兩倍。Your room is the same size as mine. 你的房間和我的一樣大。4）倍數(shù)+ as + adj. + as <=> 倍數(shù)+ the + of。例如：This bridge is three times as long as that one. 這座橋的長度是那座的三倍。=This bridge is three times the length of that one.Your r

17、oom is twice as large as mine. 你的房間是我的兩倍大。= Your room is twice the size of mine.（二）、比較級(jí)形容詞或副詞 + than例如：You are taller than I. 你比我高。The lights in your room are brighter than those in mine.你房間的燈比我房間里的那些亮。注意：1）要避免重復(fù)使用比較級(jí)。（錯(cuò)）He is more cleverer than his brother.（對(duì)）He is more clever than his brother.（對(duì)）H

18、e is cleverer than his brother.2）要避免將主語含在比較對(duì)象中。（錯(cuò)）China is larger than any country in Asia.（對(duì)）China is larger than any other countries in Asia.3）要注意對(duì)應(yīng)句型，遵循前后一致的原則。The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.4）要注意定冠詞在比較級(jí)中的使用。比較：Which is l

19、arger, Canada or Australia?Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?She is taller than her two sisters.She is the taller of the two sisters.可修飾比較級(jí)的詞 1）a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等。2）還可以用表示倍數(shù)的詞或度量名詞作修飾語。3）以上詞（除by far外），必須置于比較級(jí)形

20、容詞或副詞的前面。典型例題1） Are you feeling _? Yes，Im fine now.A. any wellB. any betterC. quite goodD. quite better 答案：B. any 可修飾比較級(jí)，quite修飾原級(jí)，well的比較級(jí)為better. 2）The experiment was_ easier than we had expected. A. moreB. much moreC. much D. more much答案：C. much可修飾比較級(jí)，因此B，C都說得通，但easier本身已是比較級(jí)，不需more，因此C為正確答案。many

21、, old 和 far 1）如果后接名詞時(shí)，much more +不可數(shù)名詞，many more +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。 2）old 有兩種比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式: older/oldest 和elder/eldest。elder，eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的長幼關(guān)系。例如：My elder brother is an engineer. 我哥哥是個(gè)工程師。Mary is the eldest of the three sisters. 瑪麗是三姐妹中最大的。3）far 有兩種比較級(jí)，farther，further。一般father 表示距離，further表示進(jìn)一步。例如：I have nothin

22、g further to say. 我沒什么要說了。（三）、the + 最高級(jí) + 比較范圍 1）形容詞最高級(jí)前通常必須用定冠詞 the，副詞最高級(jí)前可不用。例如：The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. 撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。形容詞most前面沒有the，不表示最高級(jí)的含義，只表示“非常”。例如：It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 這是個(gè)很重要的問題。注意：使用最高級(jí)要注意將主語包括在比較范圍內(nèi)。（錯(cuò)）Tom is the tallest

23、of his three brothers.（對(duì)）Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.2）下列詞可修飾最高級(jí)，by far, far, much, mostly, almost。例如：This hat is nearly / almost the biggest. 這帽子差不多是最大的了。注意：a. very可修飾最高級(jí)，但位置與much不同。This is the very best.This is much the best.b. 序數(shù)詞通常只修飾最高級(jí)。例如：Africa is the second largest continent.非洲是

24、第二大洲。3）最高級(jí)的意義有時(shí)可以用比較級(jí)表示出來。例如：Mike is the most intelligent in his class. 麥克是班上最聰明的。Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.4）“否定詞語+比較級(jí)”，“否定詞語+ so as”結(jié)構(gòu)也可以表示最高級(jí)含義。例如：Nothing is so easy as this. 沒比這更簡單的了。=Nothing is easier than this.=This is the easiest thing.和more有關(guān)的詞組1）the moret

25、he more 越就越。例如：The harder you work，the greater progress youll make. 越努力，進(jìn)步越大。2）more B than A=less A than B 與其說A不如說B。例如：He is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is less slow than lazy at his work. 他工作時(shí)，與其說是反應(yīng)慢不如說是懶。3）no more than 與一樣，不比多。例如：The officials could see no more than the Emperor. 官員們看到的和

26、皇帝一樣多。no less than 與一樣。例如：He is no less diligent than you. 他和你一樣勤勉。4）more than 不只是，非常。例如：She is more than kind to us all. 她對(duì)我們非常熱心。典型例題1）The weather in China is different from_.A. in AmericaB. one in AmericaC. America D. that in America 答案：D. 本題意為“中國的天氣與美國不一樣。”比較的是天氣而不是國家，C不能選。A沒有名詞，后句成分不全，排除。B和D中，B

27、中的one常用來代替可數(shù)名詞，而that可以代替不可數(shù)或抽象名詞，所以選D。2）After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced _ tractors in 1988 as the year before. A. as twice manyB. as many twiceC. twice as manyD. twice many as 答案C. 此句意為“這個(gè)廠1988年生產(chǎn)的拖拉機(jī)是往年的兩倍”。表示倍數(shù)用“倍數(shù)+ as + 形容詞原形+ as +比較對(duì)象”的句型。所以此句答案為C?！灸M試題】（答題時(shí)間：60分鐘）1.

28、The modern machine proved _ in heart surgery.A. high valuableB. highly valuable C. valuable high D. valuable highly2. Mr. Johnson and his _ daughter do not always understand each other.A. olderB. the oldestC. eldest D. the eldest3. They _ thought that the truth would be finally discovered.A. little

29、B. not C. small D. bit4. They hardly believe that the apartment which costs them $ 4,000 is _.A. so small B. such little C. so little D. such small5. If a claim is kept _, it is more likely to be recognized.A. liveB. lived C. alive D. living6. On his way to school he met _, so he sent him to hospita

30、l.A. very ill man B. much sick man C. serious ill man D. very sick man7. She was operated a month ago but now she was _.A. very goodB. very wellC. healthy D. good conditioned8. What I would do is to go _.A. really quietly somewhere B. somewhere quietly reallyC. really quiet somewhere D. somewhere re

31、ally quiet9. The chairman asked _ to write their questions on a piece of paper and send them to the front.A. the present members B. the members presently C. the members present D. the presently members10. The price was very reasonable; I would gladly have paid _ he asked.A. three times much asB. thr

32、ee times as many as C. as three times much as D. three times as much as11. The trousers are _, but Tom does not care a bit.A. too a little smallB. a little too smallC. a too little smallD. a small too little12. She wore a dress to the party that was far more attractive than _.A. other girlsB. that o

33、f other girlsC. the other girlsD. those of other girls13. he can play tennis better than _ in the class.A. any boysB. any other boyC. any boyD. any other14. Kasia is taking her _ tour of the shops in search of bargains.A. daily B. day C. day time D. night15. _ the child expresses his interest in an

34、activity, the stronger it will become.A. The more frequentB. The frequenterC. The more frequentlyD. The frequentlier16. Wed better wait _ , Peter and Tom will come very soon.A. a little longer B. more longer C. long D. as longer17. Although the medicine tastes _, it seems to help my condition.A. bad

35、 B. badlyC. too much bad D. too badly18. When she got her first month salary, Diana bought herself _ dress.A. a cotton , blue expensiveB. an expensive blue, cottonC. a blue, expensive cotton D. a cotton, expensive blue19. The doctors have tried _ to save the life of the wounded soldier.A. everything

36、 possible humanlyB. humanly everything possible C. everything humanly possible D. humanly possible everything20. I was worried very much because Ill miss my flight if the bus arrives _. A. lately B. late C. latter D. more later21. The noise outside was _ his speech was hardly audible.A. too irritati

37、ng thatB. so irritating so C. so irritating that D. so irritating enough that22. The harder the shrub is to grow, _.A. the more higher price it B. the higher price it isC. the higher the price isD. the higher is the price23. The photographs of Mars taken by satellite are _ taken from the earth.A. cl

38、earest than those B. clearer than that C. much clear than those D. much clearer than those24. _ anywhere in the United States costs less than a dollar when you dial it yourself.A. Three-minute call B. A three-minutes callC. A three-minute call D. A three-minutes-call25. We arrived _ Professor Baker

39、had already called the roll.A. so lately that B. as late that C. so later that D. so late that26. It is _ that I would like to go to the beach.A. so nice weather B. such nice weatherC. so nice a weatherD. such a nice weather27. Her little car isnt _ to seat more than two people comfortably.A. big en

40、oughB. enough big C. so big enough D. big as enough28. His score on the exam was _ to qualify him for a graduate program.A. too good B. well enough C. as high as D. good enough29. The plane is scheduled to arrive _ because of bad weather.A. latelyB. late C. laterD. latest30. There are _ that I cant

41、finish them.A. so long assignmentsB. such long assignmentsC. long assignments D. so very long assignments31. Bats find their way by squeaking _ and guiding themselves by echoes.A. very fast B. very fastly D. much faster D. most fastly32. Your application will be considered _ your file is completed.A

42、. as quickly asB. as soon as C. as fast as D. as early as33. This dress is prettier, but it costs _ that one.A. twice more than B. twice as much asC. as much twice asD. twice so much as34. A new shopping center on the north side will have _.A. five hundred more than shopsB. as more than five hundred

43、 shopsC. five hundred shops more than D. more than five hundred shops35. The more you study during the semester, _ you have to study the week before exams.A. the lessB. the lesser C. less D. the little36. To answer accurately is more important than _. A. a quick finish B. to finish quicklyC. finishi

44、ng quickly D. you finish quickly37. When a body enters the earths atmosphere, it travels _.A. in a rapid manner B. fastly C. with great speed D. very rapidly38. The salary of a taxi driver is much higher _.A. in comparison with the salary of a teacherB. than a teacherC. than that of a teacher D. to

45、compare as a teacher39. Frost occurs in valleys and on low grounds _ on adjacent hills.A. more frequently as B. as frequently than C. more frequently than D. frequently than40. She can speak _ in front of Mack, but she cant eat _ in his restaurant.A. free, free B. free, freely C. freely, freeD. free

46、ly, freely41. You will have to practice _ times before you can do it. A. may more B. more several C. more often D. more many42. I have been going to Shanghai _ than I used to.A. lesser B. less C. fewer D. less often43. Tuition at American university runs _ one thousand dollars a semester.A. so high

47、as B. as high toC. as high asD. as higher than44. I enjoy the concert last night; they played _ beautiful music.A. such B. such a C. so D. so a45. Several day _, I saw the man again on the street.A. late B. laterC. latter D. last46. When electricity was first invented, people refused to believe such

48、 a thing _.A. impossible B. possibly C. possible D. impossibly47. The reason why so many people sit before the television tonight is that there will be a _ show.A. living B. live C. alive D. lived48. When the three boys met one another, they found they looked very much _. Then they knew they were tr

49、iplet.A. like B. alike C. likely D. liked49. The doctor assured the patient that there was _ with her, but she could not help worrying.A. seriously wrong nothing B. nothing serious wrong C. nothing seriously wrong D. serious nothing wrong 50. If you live in Wuhan one day and in Shenyang the next, yo

50、u _ the change in temperature.A. are certainly to feelB. certainly feel C. are to feel certainly D. are certain to feel51. As a safety precaution, all drivers carry only enough money to make change for _.A. a bill of ten-dollar B. a ten-dollars bill C. a ten-dollar bill D. a tens-dollar bill52. When

51、 I spent holidays Europe, I bought _ vases.A. two lovely big old German B. two lovely old big German C. two German big old lovely D. lovely big two old German53. Everyone will agree that food in the south is as good as _ in the country.A. other region B. any other regionC. that of any region D. that

52、 of any other region54. Stars are so far away that they are _ spots of light when seen from the earth.A. nothing more as B. anything more than C. more than D. nothing more than55. What deeply impressed his was that magnificent _.A. eight-century-old B. eight-centuriesC. old-eight-centuries D. eight-

53、centurys-old 56. _ focus on cultural differences between Chinese and Western societies.A. The below text and dialogues B. Below the text and dialoguesC. The text and dialogues below D. Text and dialogues the below57. People will be able to fly from one planet to another in _. A. little nasty arrow-s

54、haped tubes B. nasty little arrow-shaped tubesC. arrow-shaped little nasty tubes D. arrow-shaped little nasty tube58. Beginning in the late 19th century, the _ rise in the productivity of England was just _ less than Germany and the U.S. A. yearslightly B. yearlyslight C. yearlyslightly D. yearsligh