現(xiàn)在完成時講解ppt課件

1、1;.2;.現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時 現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語短暫性動詞與時間段的關(guān)系短暫性動詞與時間段的關(guān)系have been 與與have gone 比較比較與一般過去時的用法比較與一般過去時的用法比較3;. 現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成have (hashave (has）+ + 過去分詞過去分詞4;.present(now)futurepast 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時( present perfect tense)do my homework 5;.Mother: John, clean your t

2、eeth please.John: Mum, I them.6;.現(xiàn)在完成時的基本句型：現(xiàn)在完成時的基本句型：肯定式：肯定式：主語 + 助動詞have/has + 動詞的過去分詞. 疑問式：疑問式：助動詞Have/Has + 主語 + 動詞的過去分詞?否定式否定式: 主語 + 助動詞have/has + not + 動詞的過去分詞. 7;.例句：例句：6. Has he gone to the library ? 他是去了圖書館嗎？Yes ,he has. 是的，是去那里了。No, he hasnt. 不，他沒去那里。7. How long has Mrs Smith been in Beij

3、ing？Smith夫人來北京多長時間了？ 8;.現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法- Its so dark.- Its so dark.-Someone has turned off the light.-Someone has turned off the light.(有人剛把燈關(guān)了有人剛把燈關(guān)了,對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是:現(xiàn)在很黑現(xiàn)在很黑)- Are you free?-I have finished my homework. I am free-I have finished my homework. I am free( (我已我已經(jīng)經(jīng)完成了家庭作完成了家庭作業(yè)業(yè)

4、,對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是很有空對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是很有空)1. 1.表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。 9;.1. 1.表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。 2.2.表示過去已經(jīng)開始表示過去已經(jīng)開始, , 持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài), ,10;.現(xiàn)在完成時的運用現(xiàn)在完成時的運用(1):1在表示“用法1”時，現(xiàn)在完成時常和副詞already, yet, never, ever ,before ,just等連用。.11;.a）already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑問句時表示

5、強往往用于肯定句，用在疑問句時表示強 調(diào)或加強語氣；調(diào)或加強語氣；yet 用于否定句和疑問用于否定句和疑問句。句。He has already left here. 他已經(jīng)離開這里了。Has he already left here? 他（真的）已經(jīng)離開這里了嗎？（表示加強語氣）My teachers havent had breakfast yet. 我的老師們還沒有吃早飯。Have you written to your parents yet? 你已經(jīng)給你父母寫過信了嗎？12;.2. yet在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法 否定句否定句:句末句末 “還還(沒沒)”疑問句疑問句:

6、句末句末 “己經(jīng)己經(jīng)” Eg. I havent had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet?13;.b） never 是否定詞，表示是否定詞，表示“從來沒有從來沒有”，而，而ever 表示表示“曾經(jīng)曾經(jīng)”We have never been to the Great Wall. 我們從來沒有去過長城。Have you ever been to Canada? 你們曾經(jīng)去過加拿大嗎？ 14;.c） just表示表示“剛剛剛剛”（用于完成時態(tài)時，與（用于完成時態(tài)時，與already，never 等副詞的位置一樣，多用在等副詞的位置一樣，多用在助動詞

7、助動詞have/has和動詞過去分詞之間）和動詞過去分詞之間）He has just come back. 他剛剛回來。They have just finished the work. 他們剛剛完成那項工作。15;.3.3.表示人曾有過或到目前為止從未有過的經(jīng)歷表示人曾有過或到目前為止從未有過的經(jīng)歷. .I have ever been to the Summer Palace?I have ever been to the Summer Palace?(我曾去過頤和園我曾去過頤和園) I have never had a car.I have never had a car. (我從未有過

8、汽車。我從未有過汽車。)16;.現(xiàn)在完成時的現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語時間狀語常與常與already, already, never, never, ever, ever, just, just, yet, yet, before, before, up to now, up to now, so far, so far, for the last few weeksfor the last few weeks these days, these days, since since for a long timefor a long time 連用連用17;.I have learnt Englis

9、h for more than I have learnt English for more than ten years. ten years.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了我已經(jīng)學(xué)了10多年的英語。多年的英語。(從從10年前開始年前開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué))She has swum since half an hour ago.我已經(jīng)游泳了半個小時我已經(jīng)游泳了半個小時(半個小時前已經(jīng)開始游泳半個小時前已經(jīng)開始游泳,到現(xiàn)在還在游到現(xiàn)在還在游)現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法2.2.表示過去已經(jīng)開始表示過去已經(jīng)開始, , 持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài). .常與常與since

10、+ since + 過去的時間點，過去的時間點，for + for + 一段時一段時間，間，so far so far 等時間狀語連用。等時間狀語連用。18;.1.for +Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. Hes studied English for 3 years.一段時間一段時間19;.2. since +從句(一般過去時) 單詞 詞組 (表示過去某一時間的)時間點時間點Eg. I have been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 years ago. I have been here since

11、I graduated in 2000.20;.since: (自自以來以來)1)since+時間點時間點He has stayed here since 5 oclock.2)since+ 時間段時間段+ agoHe has stayed here since 5 hours ago.3)since+ 從句從句She has taught English since he came here. for: (長達）長達）for+ 時間段時間段He has kept the book for 2 weeks.since , for 的用法的用法: Take notes 21;. 注1): sin

12、ce 也可單獨使用, 表示“自那時起”; 另外since前也可加上ever,以加強語氣.Eg. I have been here (ever) since. I have been here (ever) since I graduated in 2000.22;.注2): 對for或since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語提問 必須用how long, 決不能用when.Eg. I have lived here for 10 years.How long have you lived here?She has stood here since 2 hour ago.How long has she sto

13、od here?23;.短暫性動詞與延續(xù)動詞間的轉(zhuǎn)換24;.leave-come/go (to) -arrive (at/in)- get (to)-reach-buy-borrow-finish-join-start/begin-die-close-open-return-marry-become- be away (from) be (in/at) be (in/at) be (in/at)be (in/at)havekeepbe overbe in/be a/anbe onbe deadbe closedbe openbe backbe married be25;.短暫性動詞與時間段的關(guān)

14、系短暫性動詞與時間段的關(guān)系 短暫性動詞在肯定句、疑問句中不能與時間段連用，這些動詞是：短暫性動詞在肯定句、疑問句中不能與時間段連用，這些動詞是：等。等。為了表述這種意思為了表述這種意思, ,我們常用相應(yīng)的我們常用相應(yīng)的來代替短暫性動詞。來代替短暫性動詞。26;. become be, begin have , become be, begin have , borrow keep, buy have, borrow keep, buy have, come (go, arrive, get) be here/there/in come (go, arrive, get) be here/the

15、re/in， die be dead, finish be over, die be dead, finish be over, join be in join be in （be a member of be a member of ） leave be away ( from), leave be away ( from), 27;. 但在否定句中，短暫性動詞可以與時間段連用。但在否定句中，短暫性動詞可以與時間段連用。如：如：I havenI havent bought the bike for a year. t bought the bike for a year. 我買這輛自行車還不

16、到一年。我買這輛自行車還不到一年。She hasnShe hasnt come here for an hour. t come here for an hour. 她來這兒還沒有一個小時。她來這兒還沒有一個小時。28;. 翻翻 譯譯 練練 習(xí)：習(xí)： 1. 1.我買了這塊手表五年了。我買了這塊手表五年了。 2. 2.這位老人已經(jīng)死了十年了。這位老人已經(jīng)死了十年了。 I have bought this watch for five years.I have bought this watch for five years. I have had this watch I have had th

17、is watch forfor five years/ five years/sincesince 5 years 5 years ago.ago. The old man has died for ten years.The old man has died for ten years. The old man has been dead for ten The old man has been dead for ten years/since 10 years/since 10 years ago.years ago.WW29;. 3. 3.他已經(jīng)回來三天了。他已經(jīng)回來三天了。 4. 4.

18、自從六點鐘他就來這兒了。自從六點鐘他就來這兒了。 5. 5.我離開家鄉(xiāng)已十年了。我離開家鄉(xiāng)已十年了。 He has come back for 3 days.He has come back for 3 days. He has been back He has been back forfor 3 days/ 3 days/sincesince 3 3 days days agoago. . He has come here since 6 oclock.He has come here since 6 oclock. He has been here since 6 oclock.He h

19、as been here since 6 oclock. I have left hometown for 10 years.I have left hometown for 10 years. I have been away from hometown for 10 I have been away from hometown for 10 years. years.WWW30;.have been 與have gone 的用法比較 have been to 意思是意思是“到過，去過到過，去過”，表示曾經(jīng)到過某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。，表示曾經(jīng)到過某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。have gone

20、to 意思是意思是“去了去了”，表示已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已，表示已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了。在那兒了。have been in 意思是意思是“呆在某處一段時間了呆在某處一段時間了”31;. Has she ever been to Nanjing?Has she ever been to Nanjing?她曾去過南京嗎？她曾去過南京嗎？ You have never been there, have you?You have never been there, have you?你以前從未去過那兒，是嗎？你以前從未去過那兒，是嗎？ I have been t

21、o Guiling ,I went there I have been to Guiling ,I went there last year. last year.我去過桂林，我去年去的。我去過桂林，我去年去的。 She has gone to Nanjing.She has gone to Nanjing. 她已經(jīng)去南京了。她已經(jīng)去南京了。32;. 與一般過去時的用法比較一一. .現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時都是說過去的事情，現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時都是說過去的事情，; ;而一般過去時，則只講述發(fā)生在過去的動作和事情與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系。而一般過去時，則只講述發(fā)生在過去的動作和事情與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系。 33;

22、.四四)It is +一段時間一段時間 +since+句子句子(一般過去時一般過去時) =一段時間一段時間+has passed +since + 句子句子(一般過去時一般過去時) Eg. It is five years since I joined the army.=Five years has passed since I joined the army.34;.eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已經(jīng)買了一本英漢字典。他已經(jīng)買了一本英漢字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary.

23、 他曾買過一本英漢字典。他曾買過一本英漢字典。第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時時態(tài)，想表達意為：第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時時態(tài)，想表達意為：“He bought an English-Chinese He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has itdictionary. And he still has it” “過去他買了一本英漢字典，現(xiàn)在他還有這本過去他買了一本英漢字典，現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典字典” 。第二句用過去時只敘述過去他買過一本英漢字典這一事實，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本第二句用過去時只敘述過去他買過一本英漢字典這一事實，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本

24、字典并未強字典并未強 調(diào)說明。調(diào)說明。35;.二當(dāng)有一個表示過去某一特定時間的狀語時，不用現(xiàn)在完成時，而用一般過去時二當(dāng)有一個表示過去某一特定時間的狀語時，不用現(xiàn)在完成時，而用一般過去時: : eg: I saw the film on television yesterday . 但但since(since(自自以來以來)+)+某一過去時間或敘述過去事情的從句總是與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。某一過去時間或敘述過去事情的從句總是與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。eg： They have known each other since 1950 . Since he was a child ,he has lived i

25、n England.36;.三常與一般過去時連用的典型的三常與一般過去時連用的典型的 表示過去時間的狀語表示過去時間的狀語: :yesterday(yesterday(昨天昨天), the day before yesterday(), the day before yesterday(前天前天), ),just now(just now(剛才剛才) )， 時間時間+ ago, + ago, last +last +時間時間 等等; ; eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago. We finished our task last week .37;.38;

26、.動動 詞詞 填填 空：空： 1._ you _(clean) the room?1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that Yes, we _(do) that alreadyalready. . When _ you _(do) it? When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it We _(do) it an hour agoan hour ago. .2._ he _(see) this film 2._ he _(see) this film yetyet? Yes.? Yes. When _ he _(see) i

27、t? When _ he _(see) it? He _ it He _ it last weeklast week. . 3. How many times _you_(be) there? 3. How many times _you_(be) there? HaveHavecleanedcleanedhave donehave donediddiddododiddidHasHasseenseendiddidseeseesawsawhavehavebeenbeen39;.4. I _ (read) the novel twice. It4. I _ (read) the novel twi

28、ce. Its interesting.s interesting.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasn5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes.t she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air. She _(go) there by air.6. So far, many countries _(develop) 6. So far, many countries _(develop) their software program

29、s. their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking 7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last yearlast year. .8.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking 8.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking since last yearsince last year. .have readhave readhas gonehas gonediddidgogowentwenthave developedhave developedgavegavehas givenhas give

30、n40;.選用選用 for for和和 since since填空填空: :1.We haven1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.t seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr G

31、reen has worked here _ he came to China.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.6. It6. Its five years _ we met last time.s five years _ we met last time.forforsincesinceforforsincesinceforforsi

32、ncesince41;.用用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空填空Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop.Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop._ you ever _ to kunming ? Never._ you ever _ to kunming ? Never.W

33、here _ you _ these days?Where _ you _ these days?Has Jim arrived yet?Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _ here for several days. Yes, he _ here for several days.Where is Peter? I dont know where he _.Where is Peter? I dont know where he _.Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is lo

34、oking for you. is looking for you.have been inhas gone tohave beenHave beenhas been has gonehave been42;.改改 錯錯1. How long have you begun to study English?2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks.3. The river has become very dirty since last August.4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guang

35、zhou on business.5. He has gone out for two years.studiedkeptbeengonebeen43;.The house is dirty. We _it for weeks. A didnt clean B hadnt cleaned C dont clean D havent cleaned2. -_the sports meeting might be put off. -Yes, it all depends on the weather. A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told3. - Im sorry to keep you waiting. -Oh, not at all. I _here only a few minutes. A have been B had been C was D will be 4. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had met B have met C met D meet 5. -Will you go to Beijing for vacation ?-I _ to go