初中句子成分分析

1、句子成分分析組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。它包括：主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、表語和賓語補(bǔ)足語等。1. 主語：是句子要說明的人或事物，是句子的主體，一般位于句首，由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語等充當(dāng)。如：the car is running fast.(名詞)we are students.(代詞)one of my classmates is from shanghai.(數(shù)詞)it's bad manners to spit in public.(不定式)若不定式短語作主語常用it作形式主語，而把真正的主語(不定式短語)放在句后。2. 謂語：說明主語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，也是

2、句子的主體部分，一般由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)。動(dòng)詞分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞單獨(dú)作謂語，連系動(dòng)詞與表語一起構(gòu)成謂語，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與省略to的不定式構(gòu)成合成謂語，助動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞原形共同構(gòu)成謂語部分。如：he works in a factory.(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)i felt cold.(系動(dòng)詞+表語)how can i get to the station?(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)do you speak english?(助動(dòng)詞+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)they are working in a field.(助動(dòng)詞+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)【注意】謂語與主語在人稱與數(shù)方面要相互照應(yīng)。3.賓語：是及物動(dòng)詞所涉及的對象，一般

3、由名詞、代詞、不定式及動(dòng)名詞等充當(dāng)。如：he is doing his homework.(名詞)they did nothing this morning.(代詞)she wants to go home.(不定式)【注意】有的動(dòng)詞可接雙賓語，間接賓語指人，直接賓語指物。這類動(dòng)詞常見的有：give，buy，lend，pass， tell，leave等。如：he bought me a book.pass me the ball，will you?(間賓+直賓)直接賓語一般放在間接賓語之后，但若把直接賓語放在前面，則要在間接賓語前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~如to或 for等。如：han chen lent

4、some money to li hai.(直賓+間賓)xiao liu bought a dictionary for tom.(直賓+間賓)有的動(dòng)詞常用不定式作賓語，而不能用動(dòng)名詞。這類動(dòng)詞有：want，wish， hope，promise，decide，agree， choose，care等。如：i hope to see you again.有的動(dòng)詞一般只用動(dòng)名詞作賓語，而不用不定式。這類動(dòng)詞有：enjoy，finish，mind（介意）， practise，miss， suggest，keep(on)等。如：do you mind my opening the window?有的動(dòng)詞

5、后接不定式與動(dòng)名詞含義不同。forget to do表示“未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作”，forget doing表示“已完成的動(dòng)作”。如：don't forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(還沒來)i forgot returning the book to him.(書已還給他了)4.定語：用于修飾名詞或代詞，一般由形容詞、名詞、數(shù)詞、不定式等充當(dāng)。如：what a beautiful kite it is!(形容詞)she is a chemistry teacher.(名詞)there are two students in the classroom.(數(shù)

6、詞)we have something to do tomorrow.(不定式)the man in blue is my brother.(介詞短語)5.狀語：用于修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，一般由副詞、介詞短語、不定式短語或從句充當(dāng)。單個(gè)副詞作狀語一般放在被修飾詞之前，短語或從句放在句首或句末。如：thank you very much.(副詞)i get up at five in the morning.(介詞短語)he is studying hard so as to catch up with others.(不定式短語)we were having breakfast whe

7、n the telephone rang.(從句)【注意】enough作狀語只能放在被修飾詞之后。如：he is old enough to go to school.6.表語：用于說明主語的身份、特征或感受，一般由名詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、分詞等充當(dāng)。常用的連系動(dòng)詞有：be，look，get，sound(聽起來)，feel，become， smell，turn，taste(嘗起來)等。如：they are workers.(名詞)two and three is five.(數(shù)詞)the story is very interesting.(形容詞)she is at home.(介詞短語)i f

8、eel terrible.(形容詞)the dish tastes delicious.(形容詞)7.賓語補(bǔ)足語：用于補(bǔ)充說明賓語的動(dòng)作，一般位于賓語之后，賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。需接復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞有：tell，let，help，teach， ask，see，have，order，make等?！百e補(bǔ)”一般由不定式短語、分詞、名詞、形容詞等充當(dāng)。如：we elected him monitor.(名詞)i found it difficult to learn english well.(形容詞)the doctor told me to do more exercise.(不定式短語

9、)he is going to have his hair cut.(過去分詞)they saw a bird flying in the sky.(現(xiàn)在分詞)8同位語： 同位語是在名詞或代詞之后并列名詞或代詞對前者加以說明的成分，近乎于后置定語。如： we students should study hard. / (students是we的同位語，都是指同一批學(xué)生） we all are students. / (all是we的同位語，都指同樣的我們）9分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞作狀語時(shí)其邏輯主語與句子的主語一致! 否則應(yīng)有自己的邏輯主語，構(gòu)成分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。 例： studying hard, your score will go up. 簡單句的5種基本結(jié)構(gòu)通過一個(gè)愛情