初中英語(yǔ)形容詞和副詞講義

1、講義3 ：形容詞一、形容詞的定義：表示人或事物的屬性,特征或狀態(tài)的詞叫形容詞(adjective).形容詞修飾名詞,它的基本用法就是為名詞提供更多的信息,它分為性質(zhì)形容詞和敘述形容詞兩類(lèi).二、形容詞的位置1、單個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí),一般要放在名詞的前面，做定語(yǔ)。它們的前面常常帶有冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞、指示代詞、數(shù)詞等。例如:a red flower一朵紅花 this interesting story這個(gè)有趣的故事six blind men 六個(gè)盲人 my own house我自己的房子形容詞修飾something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代詞時(shí),形容

2、詞放在名詞后面。 例如：i have something important to tell you. is there anything interesting in the film. 三、形容詞和副詞的等級(jí)變化大多數(shù)形容詞和副詞有三個(gè)級(jí)：原級(jí)（即原形）、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。1 一般在詞末尾加er變比較級(jí)，加est變最高級(jí)。 strong stronger -strongest small-smaller-smallest hardharder hardest fastfaster fastest2 如果以e結(jié)尾，只加r 或st。nice-nicer-nicest fine-finer-fin

3、est 3 以重讀閉音節(jié)，末尾只有 一個(gè)輔音字母，須先雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母，再加er或est。 sad-sadder- saddest big-bigger-biggest hot-hotter -hottest 4 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞，把y變成i，再加er或est。 angry-angrier-angriest earlyearlier earliest hungry-hungrier-hungriest5、 但是，開(kāi)放類(lèi)副詞即形容詞加ly結(jié)尾變成的副詞加more或most.如quickly more quickly most quickly quietly more quietly mos

4、t quietlyslowlymore slowlymost slowly注：early中的ly不是后綴，故把y變i再加er和est6、大部分雙音節(jié)和所有多音節(jié)詞都在其前面加more變比較級(jí)，加most變最高級(jí) different -more different -most different beautiful-more beautiful-the most beautifulexpensive-more expensive-the most expensive但是，以形容前綴un結(jié)尾的三音節(jié)形容詞不適合上述情況，如unhappy,untidy，我們可以說(shuō)：unhappierunhappie

5、st, 形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的不規(guī)則變化原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good / wellbetterbestbad / illworseworstmany / muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldolder（新舊或年齡）/elder（兄弟姐妹的長(zhǎng)幼關(guān)系）oldest/ eldestfarfarther（表示距離，譯為“更遠(yuǎn)”）/ further（表示程度，譯為“進(jìn)一步的”）farthest/ furthest四形容詞副詞的用法1."the+形容詞",表示一類(lèi)人或事物,相當(dāng)于名詞,用作主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)the old often think of old things.

6、 2 "the+形容詞比較級(jí)., the+形容詞比較級(jí)."表示 " 越. 就越."。 the more you study, the more you know. 3、 " 形容詞比較級(jí) + and + 形容詞比較級(jí) ", 表示 " 越來(lái)越. "。 it's getting hotter and hotter. 4 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(系動(dòng)詞)+as+形容詞原形+as+從句。表示兩者對(duì)比相同。 this box is as big as mine. science is as important as chines

7、e. 科學(xué)和語(yǔ)文一樣重要。其否定式，句型為“.not so(as) 形容詞或副詞的原形as.” 應(yīng)譯為“前者不如后者”eg.this classroom is not as/so big as that one.這間教室沒(méi)有那間教室大。5、比較級(jí)：兩個(gè)或兩部分人或事物進(jìn)行比較用比較級(jí)。 比較級(jí)由“a.形容詞(副詞)的比較級(jí)than b”構(gòu)成, 表示“a比b更加”。 eg: he is more athletic than his twin brother.他比他的雙胞胎弟弟更愛(ài)運(yùn)動(dòng)。 that must be a lot more fun than taking a bus.那一定比坐公汽有趣

8、的多。 mary sings better than her sister.瑪莉比她妹妹唱得好些。重點(diǎn)：a little, a bit, a lot, much，even,far等詞后的形容詞或副詞用比較級(jí)。too,so, quite,how后只能用原形。6、 形容詞和副詞最高級(jí)用于三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人和物進(jìn)行比較。 shanghai is one of the biggest cities in china.五、課堂練習(xí)一. 單項(xiàng)填空1- its so cold today. - yes, its        than i

9、t was yesterday. a. more cold        b. more colder        c. much colder      d. cold2little tom has        friends, so he often plays alone.a. more     

10、   b. a little             c. many             d. few3she isnt so        at maths as you are. a. well         b. go

11、od             c. better               d. best4peter writes        of the three. a. better      b. best   

12、0;             c. good             d. well5he is        enough to carry the heavy box. a. stronger         b. much stronger&#

13、160;  c. stron   d. the strongest6the box is        heavy for the girl        carry. a. too; to          b. to; too          c. so; tha

14、t            d. no; to7the ice in the lake is about one meter       . its strong enough to skate on. a. long         b. high            

15、; c. thick            d. wide8wu lin ran        faster than the other boys in the sports meeting. a. so               b. much    &

16、#160;        c. very             d. too9、 -which is _, the sun, the moon or the earth? -of course the moon is. a. small b. smaller c. smallest d. the smallest二. 選擇填空。1. the new library has _ (many, more) books thant

17、he old one.2. sally is _ (tall, taller) than her cousin.3. our school is much _ (large, larger) thanyours.4. look, janet is jumping _ (high, higher) thanmike.5mr hare runs much _ (fast, faster) thanmr turtle. mr hare neednt run_ (fast, faster) now.6. in the gym, tommy is playing table tennis _(well, better) than jimmy.7. this book is very _ (interesting, moreinteresting) , but that one is_ (interesting, more interest