初中英語非謂語動詞

1、非謂語動詞非謂語動詞什么是非謂語動詞什么是非謂語動詞特殊動詞的搭配特殊動詞的搭配動詞不定式與介詞動詞不定式與介詞to詞組總結(jié)詞組總結(jié)現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞 非謂語動詞非謂語動詞: :在句中不單獨作謂語的動詞叫非在句中不單獨作謂語的動詞叫非謂語動詞謂語動詞。例例: he likes to read the novel.: he likes to read the novel.例：例：he enjoyed traveling around world.he enjoyed traveling around world.例：例：john made tom go with him.joh

2、n made tom go with him.解析：解析： 英語的單句中，可能有兩個動詞，動詞英語的單句中，可能有兩個動詞，動詞2 2根據(jù)根據(jù)動詞動詞1 1的而變化。而我們看到的動詞的而變化。而我們看到的動詞2 2，及，及(to (to do, doing, donedo, doing, done等形式，就是非謂語動詞）等形式，就是非謂語動詞） 單句中的動詞1與動詞2， 動詞1是謂語，有各種時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣的變化 動詞2根據(jù)動詞1而變化 例: he wanted to do that i am enjoying seeing the film let us go!非謂語動詞的種類非謂語動詞的種

3、類1.不定式 to do 有還沒有做的含義.2.動名詞doing 表示抽象的名詞意義3.現(xiàn)在分詞doing 表示主動或進(jìn)行的意義.4.過去分詞done 表示被動或完成的意義.v.to dov ving只加不帶toto do, doing意思相同意思相同絕大部分動詞是此形式詳見第9篇let/make sb dobegin/start/like to do, doing意思不同意思不同do或doing詳見10-17篇see, watch, observe, notice等等詳見18篇只加ving的詞 avoid避免; consider考慮; delay拖延; deny否認(rèn); dislike不喜歡;

4、 enjoy欣賞; excuse原諒; fancy幻想; forgive原諒; finish完成; imagine設(shè)想; keep保持; mind介意; pardon原諒; prevent阻止; practise練習(xí); resist堅持; risk冒險; suggest建議; understand理解- 動名詞與不定式語義不同動名詞與不定式語義不同 stop to do forget to do remember to do regret to do cease to do try to do go on to do be afraid to do mean to do stop doing

5、forget doing remember doing regret doing cease doing try doing go on doing be afraid doing mean doing 1) stop doing/to do stop to do停止，中斷做某事后去做另一件事。停止，中斷做某事后去做另一件事。 stop doing停止做某事。停止做某事。 they stop to smoke a cigarette. 他們停下來，他們停下來，抽了根煙。抽了根煙。 i must stop smoking. 我必須戒煙了。我必須戒煙了。 典型例題典型例題 she reached

6、the top of the hill and stopped _on a big rock by the side of the path. a. to have restedb. resting c. to restd. rest 答案：答案：c。由題意可知，她到了山頂，停下來在一個路邊。由題意可知，她到了山頂，停下來在一個路邊的大石頭上休息。因此，應(yīng)選擇的大石頭上休息。因此，應(yīng)選擇stop to do sth. 停下來停下來去做另一件事去做另一件事。而不僅僅是爬山動作的終止，所以。而不僅僅是爬山動作的終止，所以stop doing sth.不正確。不正確。 2) forget doing

7、/to do forget to do忘記要去做某事忘記要去做某事。(未做未做) forget doing忘記做過某事。忘記做過某事。(已做已做) the light in the office is stil on. he forgot to turn it off. 辦公室的燈還在亮著，它忘記關(guān)了。辦公室的燈還在亮著，它忘記關(guān)了。(沒有做關(guān)燈的動沒有做關(guān)燈的動作作) he forgot turning the light off. 他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。 ( 已做過關(guān)燈的動作已做過關(guān)燈的動作) 典型例題典型例題 - the light in the office is

8、 still on. - oh，i forgot_. a. turning it off b. turn it off c. to turn it off d. having turned it off 答案：答案：c。由。由the light is still on 可知燈亮著，即關(guān)燈的可知燈亮著，即關(guān)燈的動作沒有發(fā)生，因此用動作沒有發(fā)生，因此用forget to do sth. 而而forget doing sth表示燈已經(jīng)關(guān)上了，而自己忘記了這一事實。此處不表示燈已經(jīng)關(guān)上了，而自己忘記了這一事實。此處不符合題意。符合題意。 3) remember doing/to do remember

9、 to do 記得去做某事記得去做某事 (未做未做) remember doing記得做過某事記得做過某事 (已做已做) remember to go to the post office after school. 記著放學(xué)后去趟郵局。記著放學(xué)后去趟郵局。 dont you remember seeing the man before? 你不記得以前見過那個人嗎你不記得以前見過那個人嗎? 4)regret doing/to do regret to do 對要做的事遺憾。對要做的事遺憾。(未做未做) regret doing 對做過的事遺憾、后悔。對做過的事遺憾、后悔。(已做已做) i re

10、gret to have to do this, but i have no choice. 我很遺憾必須這樣去做，我實在沒有辦法。我很遺憾必須這樣去做，我實在沒有辦法。 i dont regret telling her what i thought. 我不為告訴她我的想法而后悔。我不為告訴她我的想法而后悔。典型例題典型例題-you were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. -well, now i regret _ that.to do b. to be doing c.to have done d.having done答

11、案：答案：d。regret having done sth. 對已發(fā)生的事感到對已發(fā)生的事感到遺憾。遺憾。regret to do sth. 對將要做的事感到遺憾。本題對將要做的事感到遺憾。本題為對已說的話感到后悔，因此選為對已說的話感到后悔，因此選d。 5) cease doing/to do cease to do 長時間，甚至永遠(yuǎn)停做某事。長時間，甚至永遠(yuǎn)停做某事。 cease doing 短時短時停止做某事，以后還會接著做。停止做某事，以后還會接著做。 that department has ceased to exist forever. 那個部門已不復(fù)存在。那個部門已不復(fù)存在。 t

12、he girls ceased chatting for a moment when their teacher passed by. 姑娘們在老師走過時，停了會聊天。姑娘們在老師走過時，停了會聊天。 6) try doing/to do try to do努力，企圖做某事努力，企圖做某事。 try doing 試驗，試著做某事。試驗，試著做某事。 you must try to be more careful.你可要多加小心。你可要多加小心。 i tried gardening but didnt succeed. 我試著種果木我試著種果木花卉，但未成功?；ɑ埽闯晒?。 7) go on

13、doing/to do go on to do做了一件事后，接著做另一件事。做了一件事后，接著做另一件事。 go on doing 繼續(xù)做原來做的事。繼續(xù)做原來做的事。 after he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics. 做完數(shù)學(xué)后，他接著去做物理。做完數(shù)學(xué)后，他接著去做物理。 8) be afraid doing/to do be afraid to do不敢，膽怯去做某事，是主觀上的原因不去做，不敢，膽怯去做某事，是主觀上的原因不去做，意為意為怕怕； be afraid of doing擔(dān)心出現(xiàn)擔(dān)心出現(xiàn)doing的狀況

14、、結(jié)果。的狀況、結(jié)果。 doing 是是客觀上造成的，意為客觀上造成的，意為“生怕，恐怕生怕，恐怕”。 she was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake. 她生怕被蛇咬著，而不敢在她生怕被蛇咬著，而不敢在草叢中再走一步。草叢中再走一步。 she was afraid to wake her husband. 她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。 she was afraid of waking her husband. 她生怕吵醒她丈夫。她生怕吵醒她丈夫。 9)

15、 mean to doing/to do mean to do 打算、想打算、想 mean doing意味著意味著 i mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. 我想去，但是我父親不肯讓我去。我想去，但是我父親不肯讓我去。 to raise wage means increasing purchasing power. 贈加工資意味著增加購買力。贈加工資意味著增加購買力。 感官動詞感官動詞 + doing/to do 感官動詞感官動詞 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen t

16、o, smell, taste, feel + do 表示動作的完整性，真實性；表示動作的完整性，真實性；+doing 表示表示動作的連續(xù)性，進(jìn)行性動作的連續(xù)性，進(jìn)行性i saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看見他在花園里干活了。昨天我看見他在花園里干活了。(強調(diào)強調(diào)我看見了我看見了這個事實這個事實)i saw him working in the garden yesterday. 昨天我見他正在花園里干活。昨天我見他正在花園里干活。 （強調(diào)（強調(diào)我見他正干活我見他正干活這個動作）這個動作）典型例題典型例題1）they knew her very

17、well. they had seen her _ up from childhood. a. grow b. grew c. was growing d. to grow 答案：答案：a。因題意為，他們看著她長大，因此強調(diào)的是成長的過。因題意為，他們看著她長大，因此強調(diào)的是成長的過程，而非正程，而非正 在長的動作，因此用在長的動作，因此用see sb do sth 的句型。的句型。2）the missing boy was last seen _ near the river. a. playing b. to be playingc. playd. to play答案答案a. 本題強調(diào)其動

18、作，正在河邊玩，應(yīng)此用本題強調(diào)其動作，正在河邊玩，應(yīng)此用see sb. doing sth句型。句型。動詞動詞 + to do動詞動詞+疑問詞疑問詞 + to do 動詞動詞 + it(形式賓語）形式賓語）+賓補賓補 +to do常見動詞有常見動詞有 agree,decide ,fail, hope, wish , want, plan，learn, would like, cant wait(迫迫不及待不及待) cant afford（負(fù)擔(dān)不起）（負(fù)擔(dān)不起） 等等i dont know what to do .can you tell me how to get there ?i cant

19、decide which to choose.i find it important to learn english.i think it necessary to drink the water. 用法用法 ：作賓語作賓語 一些省略一些省略to的句型的句型（1）why not +動詞原形動詞原形（2）why dont you+動詞原形動詞原形（3）youd better +動詞原形動詞原形（4）youd better not +動詞原形動詞原形（5 ) will you please +動詞原形動詞原形（6）will you please not +動詞原形動詞原形（7）sb do not

20、hing but（只是，只不過）（只是，只不過）例例: they didn nothing but complain 常見固定搭配常見固定搭配1.too to dothe desk is too heavy to carry .2.be + adj + enough to dothe room is big enough for 10 people to live in .3.its time to do sth 或its time for sb to do sth . its time to have a rest.4.it takes sb some time to do sth . it

21、 takes me three days to finish the job .5.be + adj （glad . sorry .sure . happy . afraid等表情感的形容詞后）+ to do sth .(1) im sorry to trouble you . 介詞介詞+doing look forward to doing sth. （盼望）（盼望） pay attention to doing sth. （注意）（注意） be used to doing sth. （習(xí)慣于）（習(xí)慣于） prefer doing sth to doing sth.（更喜歡）（更喜歡） de

22、vote to doing sth （致力于）（致力于） make a contribution to doing （做貢獻(xiàn)）（做貢獻(xiàn)）分詞分為分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞和和過去分詞過去分詞。 分分 詞詞4區(qū)別：區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動，過去分詞表示被動?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示主動，過去分詞表示被動。如：如：the man standing by the windows is our teacher.站在門邊的人是我們的老師。站在門邊的人是我們的老師。the house built last year has become our lab.去年建的房子已成了我們的實驗室。去年建的房子已成了我們的實驗室。1現(xiàn)

23、在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動作，過去分詞表示完成現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動作，過去分詞表示完成的動作。的動作。如：如：falling leaves 正在飄落的樹葉正在飄落的樹葉fallen leaves 落葉（已落下）落葉（已落下）developing country 發(fā)展中國家發(fā)展中國家developed country 發(fā)達(dá)國家發(fā)達(dá)國家 .用括號中動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空用括號中動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 _(fish)is my favourite sport.i often _(fish) for hours without _(catch) anything. but this doesnt worry

24、me.some of the fishermen_ (be) unlucky.instead of _(catch)fish,they catch old shoes.i am even less lucky.i never catch anything not even old shoes .after_ (spend)whole mornings on the river,i always go home with an empty bag,“you must give up_(fish)!”my friends say.“its a waste of time.”but they don

25、t know one important thing.im not really interested in _(fish).im only interested in _(sit)in a boat and_(do) nothing at all. 課時訓(xùn)練課時訓(xùn)練 fishing fish catching are catching spending fishing fishing sitting doing 育英視頻學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng): 主語：常置于句末，而用主語：常置于句末，而用itit代替其做形式主語。代替其做形式主語。例：例：to go in for sportsto go in for sp

26、orts helps you stay fit. helps you stay fit. it helps you stay fit it helps you stay fit to go in for sports.to go in for sports. it is dangerous it is dangerous to swim in the deep sea to swim in the deep sea on your own. on your own.注：此句式中不定式邏輯上的主語可由注：此句式中不定式邏輯上的主語可由forfor或或ofof引出，引出， 邏輯主語由邏輯主語由of

27、of引出時，表語的形容詞為引出時，表語的形容詞為kindkind，nicenice， good good，politepolite，cleverclever，foolishfoolish，rightright，wrongwrong等等 表示性格品質(zhì)評價的形容詞。表示性格品質(zhì)評價的形容詞。 例：例：its right of him its right of him to refuse the invitationto refuse the invitation. . (him (him為邏輯主語為邏輯主語) ) 點擊規(guī)律：動詞不定式在句中作主語時，除了點擊規(guī)律：動詞不定式在句中作主語時，除了直接

28、作主語直接作主語外，外， 常放在：常放在： it is it is adjadj（形容詞）（形容詞）to do sthto do sth或或 it is it is n n（名詞）（名詞）to do sthto do sth句型中，句型中， it it僅作形式主語。僅作形式主語。 返回返回育英視頻學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng): 動動 詞詞 賓賓 語語 此種情況可按固定搭配或句式去記。此種情況可按固定搭配或句式去記。例：例：would you like to see my photos?would you like to see my photos? kevin planned to visit his uncle

29、kevin planned to visit his uncle類似用法的詞還有：類似用法的詞還有： startstart，wantwant，agreeagree，hopehope，beginbegin，decidedecide agree agree，lovelove，like like ，hate hate ，preferprefer等。等。i found it very difficult to get a job.(iti found it very difficult to get a job.(it為形式賓語為形式賓語) )點擊規(guī)律：點擊規(guī)律： 這些動詞后面除接不定式外，還可以接動

30、名詞，意思這些動詞后面除接不定式外，還可以接動名詞，意思 區(qū)別不大區(qū)別不大提示板：提示板：like doinglike doing指經(jīng)常性動作，而指經(jīng)常性動作，而like to dolike to do指一次性的動作。指一次性的動作。 i like swimming i like swimming，but i dont like to swim nowbut i dont like to swim now 我喜歡游泳，但我現(xiàn)在不想游。我喜歡游泳，但我現(xiàn)在不想游。 育英視頻學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng):stopstop，forgetforget，rememberremember，go on go on ，trytry

31、等詞或短語后面可以等詞或短語后面可以接不定式。接不定式。 點擊規(guī)律：上述動詞后面接不定式和接動名詞意思大不相同。點擊規(guī)律：上述動詞后面接不定式和接動名詞意思大不相同。 提示板：提示板： 1 1）stop to do sthstop to do sth：停止一件事，去做另一件事。：停止一件事，去做另一件事。 stop doing sthstop doing sth：停止正在做的事。：停止正在做的事。 例句：例句： when the teacher came in when the teacher came in，the students stopped the students stopped

32、talking talking；當(dāng)老師走進(jìn)來時，學(xué)生們停止說話；當(dāng)老師走進(jìn)來時，學(xué)生們停止說話； when he came out when he came out，the students stopped to talkthe students stopped to talk 當(dāng)老師走出去時，學(xué)生們又開始說話。當(dāng)老師走出去時，學(xué)生們又開始說話。 育英視頻學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng): 2 2）思考：）思考：forgetforget，rememberremember，go ongo on，trytry等詞或短語后面接等詞或短語后面接不定式和動名詞用法有何區(qū)別？不定式和動名詞用法有何區(qū)別？ 點擊規(guī)律：在點擊規(guī)律：在f

33、indfindfeelfeelit itadjadjto do sthto do sth句型中，句型中，it it是是形式賓語，真正的賓語是后面的動詞不定式。如：形式賓語，真正的賓語是后面的動詞不定式。如： the man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep the man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep i feel it easy to recite the text i feel it easy to recite the text 點擊規(guī)律：某些動詞或短語后面既可以接動詞

34、不定式作賓語，點擊規(guī)律：某些動詞或短語后面既可以接動詞不定式作賓語， 又可接動名詞作賓語，二者用法上的區(qū)別可以通過造又可接動名詞作賓語，二者用法上的區(qū)別可以通過造 句子加以區(qū)分，如上頁的句子加以區(qū)分，如上頁的stopstop例句。例句。 返回返回育英視頻學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng):表表 語語放在連系動詞放在連系動詞bebe后面后面 例句：例句：his wish is to become a scientisthis wish is to become a scientist our duty is to protect the enviroment. our duty is to protect the envi

35、roment. the first important thing is to save thethe first important thing is to save the soldierslives soldierslives 當(dāng)務(wù)之急是搶救戰(zhàn)士們的生命。當(dāng)務(wù)之急是搶救戰(zhàn)士們的生命。 點擊規(guī)律：動詞不定式在句中作表語時，通常對連系點擊規(guī)律：動詞不定式在句中作表語時，通常對連系動詞前面的名詞進(jìn)行詮釋說明。動詞前面的名詞進(jìn)行詮釋說明。 返回返回育英視頻學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng): 定定 語語 動詞不定式做定語放在所修飾的名詞動詞不定式做定語放在所修飾的名詞 、代詞的后面。、代詞的后面。例：例： he is th

36、e first person to sail around the world. he is the first person to sail around the world. i have a lot of work to do i have a lot of work to do the doctor said he could do nothing to help the boythe doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy 點擊規(guī)律：動詞不定式若在句中作定語，常放在被修飾的名詞、點擊規(guī)律：動詞不定式若在句中作定語，常放在被修飾的

37、名詞、 代詞之后。代詞之后。 提示板：如果動詞不定式和前面所修飾的詞構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，提示板：如果動詞不定式和前面所修飾的詞構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系， 且動詞是不及物動詞，切記不要忘掉后面的介詞。如：且動詞是不及物動詞，切記不要忘掉后面的介詞。如： i have a small bedroom to live i have a small bedroom to live inin have you got some pens to write have you got some pens to write withwith？ 返回返回育英視頻學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng): 作作 狀狀 語語 a a目的狀語：放在目的狀語：放在gog

38、o，comecome，useuse，livelive，in orderin order等詞后面等詞后面. .如：如： i come to see you i come to see you he runs fast in order to get there in time he runs fast in order to get there in time they brought in photos of their families for me to they brought in photos of their families for me to look at look at b

39、 b原因狀語：放在原因狀語：放在sorrysorry，gladglad，surprisedsurprised， disappointeddisappointed， excited excited等詞后面。（等詞后面。（有些資料上把這類稱為不定式在有些資料上把這類稱為不定式在表示心理、情感、評價等的形容詞后，對其進(jìn)行補充說明，表示心理、情感、評價等的形容詞后，對其進(jìn)行補充說明， 作形容詞補足語作形容詞補足語）如：）如： i am glad to see you here i am glad to see you here i am sorry to trouble you i am sorry

40、to trouble you c c作結(jié)果狀語。如：作結(jié)果狀語。如： some of the apples are hard to reach some of the apples are hard to reach the room is large enough to hold 1000 people the room is large enough to hold 1000 people 返回返回育英視頻學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng):賓語補足語賓語補足語(1)(1)在多數(shù)復(fù)合賓語及物動詞后要帶在多數(shù)復(fù)合賓語及物動詞后要帶toto： telltell，askask，wantwant，orderorder，tea

41、chteach，inviteinvite，warnwarn，wishwish，helphelp，getget，wishwish，等詞后面常接不定式作賓補。，等詞后面常接不定式作賓補。例：例： i iaskedaskeda afriendfriendtotoreadreaditittotomeme i tell him not to go there by bus i tell him not to go there by bus edisons mother taught him to read and writeedisons mother taught him to read and wr

42、ite (2)(2)在表示感覺、致使等意義的動詞在表示感覺、致使等意義的動詞(see(see，watchwatch，hearhear，feelfeel，makemake，letlet，havehave， observeobserve， noticenotice， helphelp等等) )后后不帶不帶toto 的不定式作賓補。如：的不定式作賓補。如： the boss makes them work 16 hours a daythe boss makes them work 16 hours a day i heard her sing in the next roomi heard her

43、 sing in the next room 提示板：若變成提示板：若變成被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)，在上述結(jié)構(gòu)中，在上述結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式符號不定式符號toto要加上要加上。如：如： they are made they are made toto work 16 hours a day by the bosswork 16 hours a day by the boss she was heard she was heard toto sing in the next roomsing in the next room 返回返回育英視頻學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng): “疑問詞不定式疑問詞不定式”用法用法 不定式前可帶不定式前可帶whatwhat，whowho，whichwhich，wherewhere，whenwhen，how, how, whosewhose