【教案】過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞

1、 過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞用法比較 英語中的分詞分兩種：現(xiàn)在分詞（the present participle）和過去分詞（the past participle）。雖然它們在句子中都可作名詞修飾語、接系動詞補足語、賓語補足語等，但是它們形式不同，而且語義也有差別。 現(xiàn)在從四方面舉例說明。 現(xiàn)在分詞表示動作是主動的和正在進行的（例-）；過去分詞的動作是被動的和完成的（例-）： The boiling water is hot. A sleeping baby is good to look at. She has a smiling face. You can use the boiled wate

2、r to make tea. Where is my lost key? A broken mirror cannot be repaired. 有時，由于兩個動詞“異詞同義”，其分詞也跟著不同 ，如： a. Have you seen the man wearing a T-shirt? b. Who is the man dressed in a blue shirt? a. His new book consisting of useful data has been well received. b. Do you like the book made up of untrue sto

3、ries? 在語義上，現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞反映的心理狀態(tài)不同。前者有 “令人”的含義（見例）；過去分詞則有“感到”的意思（見例）： The soccer match last night was thrilling.（令人緊張） The soccer fans were delighted.（感到高興） 其他例子有： amazing: amazed; annoying: annoyed; boring: bored; confusing: confused; surprising: surprised; terrifying: terrified 試比較11a和b以及12a和b: 11a. Th

4、is is the most confusing system I have ever seen. 11b. The children will get confused if asked to learn too much at a time. 12a. David came with some surprising news. 12b. All were surprised at Sam's sudden resignation. 在作賓語補足語時，如果賓語是有關(guān)分詞邏輯上的主語，就用現(xiàn)在分詞，如： 13. The teacher found a student dozing of

5、f. 14. Don't keep the visitor waiting. 如果賓語和有關(guān)分詞有“動詞+賓語”關(guān)系，那么這個分詞就要是過去分詞了，如： 15. Where did you get your book printed? 16. You should have your office whitewashed. 在13里，正在打瞌睡的是賓語“a student”; 在14里，賓語是 “the visitor”。15里，“printed”的賓語是“books”; 16里， “whitewashed”的賓語是“his office”。 4.分詞短語相當(dāng)于副詞從句，但現(xiàn)在式表示的是主動的行動，如例17，過去式表示被動的行動，如18 17 Entering the room, s