2010年口譯筆譯考試高級(jí)筆譯模擬試卷（2）（上）

1、.2010年口譯筆譯考試高級(jí)筆譯模擬試卷(2)SECTION 2: READING TESTDirections: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of wha

2、t is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1-5When Harvey Ball took a black felt-tip pen to a piece of yellow paper in 1963, he never could have realized that he was drafting the face that woul

3、d launch 50 million buttons and an eventual war over copyright. Mr. Ball, a commercial artist, was simply filling a request from Joy Young of the Worcester Mutual Insurance Company to create an image for their "smile campaign" to coach employees to be more congenial in their customer relat

4、ions. It seems there was a hunger for a bright grinthe original order of 100 smiley-face buttons were snatched up and an order for 10,000 more was placed at once.The Worcester Historical Museum takes this founding moment seriously. "Just as you'd want to know the biography of General Washin

5、gton, we realized we didn't know the comprehensive history of the Smiley Face," says Bill Wallace, the executive director of the historical museum where the exhibit "SmileyAn American Icon" opens to the public Oct. 6 in Worcester, Mass.Worcester, often referred to by neighboring B

6、ostonians as "that manufacturing town off Route 90," lays claim to several other famous commercial firsts, the monkey wrench and shredded wheat among them. Smiley Face is a particularly warm spot in the city's history. Through a careful historical analysis, Mr. Wallace says that while

7、the Smiley Face birthplace is undisputed, it took several phases of distribution before the distinctive rounded-tipped smile with one eye slightly larger than the other proliferated in the mainstream.As the original buttons spread like drifting pollen with no copyright attached, a bank in Seattle ne

8、xt realized its commercial potential. Under the guidance of advertising executive David Stern, the University Federal Savings & Loan launched a very public marketing campaign in 1967 centered on the Smiley Face. It eventually distributed 150,000 buttons along with piggy banks and coin purses. Ol

9、d photos of the bank show giant Smiley Face wallpaper.By 1970, Murray and Bernard Spain, brothers who owned a card shop in Philadelphia, were affixing the yellow grin to everything from key chains to cookie jars along with "Have a happy day." "In the 1970s, there was a trend toward ha

10、ppiness," says Wallace. "We had assassinated a president, we were in a war with Vietnam, and people were looking for tokens of happiness. The Spain brothers ran with it."The Smiley Face resurged in the 1990s. This time it was fanned by a legal dispute between Wal-Mart, who uses it to

11、promote its low prices, and Franklin Loufrani, a Frenchman who owns a company called SmileyWorld. Mr. Loufrani says he created the Smiley Face and has trademarked it around the world. He has been distributing its image in 80 countries since 1971.Loufrani's actions irked Ball, who felt that such

12、a universal symbol should remain in the public domain in perpetuity. So in a pleasant proactive move, Ball declared in 1999 that the first Friday in October would be "World Smile Day" to promote general kindness and charity toward children in need. Ball died in 2001.The Worcester exhibit o

13、pens on "World Smile Day", Oct. 6. It features a plethora of Smiley Face merchandisefrom the original Ball buttons to plastic purses and a toilet seatand contemporary interpretations by local artists. The exhibit is scheduled to run through Feb. 11.1. According to the passage, the Worceste

14、r Historical Museum _.(A) concentrates on the collection of the most famous commercial firsts the city has invented(B) has composed a comprehensive history of the Smiley Face through the exhibition(C) treats Smiley Face as the other famous commercial firsts the city has produced(D) has organized the

15、 exhibit to arouse the Americans' patriotism2. When the author used the expression "spread like drifting pollen "(para.4) to describe the gradual distribution of Smiley Face, he implies that _.(A) Harvey Ball did not claim the copyright of the yellow grin button(B) the Smiley Face was

16、immediately accepted by the public(C) the button was not sold as an ordinary commercial product(D) Harvey Ball had the intention to abandon the copyright of Smiley Face3. Why did Bill Wallace mention the assassination of the then American president and the Vietnam War in the 1970s?(A) To have a revi

17、ew of the contemporary American history.(B) To remind people that we should never forget the past.(C) To explain why Americans liked the Smiley Face during that period.(D) To show how the Spain brothers made a fortune through selling the yellow grin.4. In the expression "Loufrani's actions

18、irked Ball" (para.7), the word "irked" can best be replaced by _.(A) perplexed(B) provoked(C) irritated(D) challenged5. Which of the following is NOT true about the "World Smile Day"?(A) It was established to commemorate the founder Harvey Ball.(B) It was to promote general

19、kindness and charity toward children in need.(C) It was declared by Harvey Ball in 1999.(D) It was decided to be held on the first Friday in October each year.Questions 6-10Good teachers matter. This may seem obvious to anyone who has a child in school or, for that matter, to anyone who has been a c

20、hild in school. For a long time, though, researchers couldn't actually prove that teaching talent was important. But new research finally shows that teacher quality is a close cousin to student achievement: A great teacher can cram one-and-a-half grades' worth of learning into a single year,

21、 while laggards are lucky to accomplish half that much. Parents and kids, it seems, have been right all along to care whether they were assigned to Mrs. Smith or Mr. Brown.Yet, while we know now that better teachers are critical, flaws in the way that administrators select and retain them mean that

22、schools don't always hire the best.Many ingredients for good teaching are difficult to ascertain in advancecharisma and diligence come to mindbut research shows a teacher's own ability on standardized tests reliably predicts good performance in the classroom. You would think, then, that top-

23、scoring teachers would be swimming in job offers, right? Not so, says Vanderbilt University professor Dale Ballou. High-scoring teaching applicants "do not fare better than others in the job market," he writes. "Indeed, remarkably they do somewhat worse."Even more surprising, giv

24、en the national shortage of highly skilled math and science teachers, school administrators are more keen to hire education majors than applicants who have math or science degrees. No one knows for sure why those who hire teachers routinely overlook top talent. Perhaps they wrongly think that the qu

25、alifications they shun make little difference for students. Also, administrators are probably naturally drawn to teachers who remind them of themselves.But failing to recognize the qualities that make teachers truly effective (and to construct incentives to attract and retain more of these top perfo

26、rmers) has serious consequences. For example, because schools don't always hire the best applicants, across-the-board salary increases cannot improve teacher quality much, and may even worsen it. That's because higher salaries draw more weak as well as strong applicants into teachingapplican

27、ts the current hiring system can't adequately screen. Unless administrators have incentives to hire the best teachers available, it's pointless to give them a larger group to choose from.If public school hiring processes are bad, their compensation policies are worse. Most districts pay sole

28、ly based on years of experience and the presence of a master's degree, a formula that makes the Federal General Schedulewhich governs pay for U.S. bureaucratslook flexible. Study after study has shown that teachers with master's degrees are no better than those without. Job experience does m

29、atter, but only for the first few years, according to research by Hoover Institution's Eric A. Hanushek. A teacher with 15 years of experience is no more effective, on average, than a teacher with five years of experience, but which one do you think is paid more?This toxic combination of rigid p

30、ay and steep rewards for seniority causes average quality to decline rather than increase as teacher groups get older. Top performers often leave the field early for industries that reward their excellence. Mediocre teachers, on the other hand, are soon overcompensated by seniority pay. And because

31、they are paid more than their skills command elsewhere, these less-capable pedagogues settle in to provide many years of ineffectual instruction.So how can we separate the wheat from the chaff in the teaching profession? To make American schools competitive, we must rethink seniority pay, the value

32、of master's degrees, and the notion that a teacher can teach everything equally wellespecially math and sciencewithout appropriate preparation in the subject.Our current education system is unlikely to accomplish this dramatic rethinking. Imagine, for a moment, that American cars had been free i

33、n recent decades, while Toyotas and Hondas sold at full price. We'd probably be driving Falcons and Corvairs today. Free public education suffers from a lack of competition in just this way. So while industries from aerospace to drugs have transformed themselves in order to compete, public schoo

34、ling has stagnated.School choice could spark the kind of reformation this industry needs by motivating administrators to hire the best and adopt new strategies to keep top teachers in the classroom. The lesson that good teachers matter should be taught, not as a theory, but as a practice.6. The begi

35、nning sentence "Good teachers matter." can mainly be explained as which of the following?(A) Good teachers help students establish confidence.(B) Good teachers determine the personality of students.(C) Good teachers promote student achievement.(D) Good teachers treat students as their own

36、children.7. According to the author, seniority pay favors _.(A) good teachers' with master's degrees(B) young and effective teachers(C) experienced and effective teachers(D) mediocre teachers of average quality8. The expression "separate the wheat from the chaff in the teaching professi

37、on" is closest in meaning to _.(A) distinguish better teachers from less capable ones(B) differentiate young teachers from old ones(C) tell the essential qualities of good teaching(D) reevaluate the role of senior teachers9. When the author uses the automobile industry as an example, she argues

38、 that _.(A) Japan's auto industry is exceeding America's auto industry(B) the public schooling has stagnated because of competition(C) the current American education system is better than the Japanese one(D) competition must be introduced into the public education system10. Which of the foll

39、owing CANNOT be concluded from the passage?(A) Most average teachers want to leave school because of high pressure.(B) Excellent teachers often leave schools for better jobs.(C) The average quality of the teachers in America is declining.(D) Teachers' quality is closely related to a number of fa

40、ctors.Questions 11-15The British author Salman Rushdie is selling his personal archive to a wealthy American university. The archive, which includes personal diaries written during the decade that he spent living in hiding from Islamic extremists, is being bought by the Emory University in Atlanta f

41、or an undisclosed sum. The move has sparked concern that Britain's literary heritage is being lost to foreign buyers. The archive also includes two unpublished novels.Rushdie, 59, said last week that his priority had been to "find a good home" for his papers, but admitted that money ha

42、d also been a factor. "I don't see why I should give them away," he said. "It seemed to me quite reasonable that one should be paid." The sum involved is likely to match or exceed similar deals. In 2003 Emory bought the archive of Ted Hughes, the late poet laureate, for a rep

43、orted $600,000. Julian Barnes, the author of Flaubert's Parrot, is said to have sold his papers to the University of Texas at Austin for $200,000.Rushdie was born in Bombay (Mumbai) but educated in Britain. His book Midnight's Children was voted the best Booker prize winner in 25 years and h

44、e is regarded as a leading British literary novelist. The sale of his papers will annoy the British Library, which is about to hold a conference to discuss how to stop famous writers' archives being sold abroad.Yesterday Clive Field, the director .of scholarship and collections at the library, s

45、aid: "I am pleased that Rushdie's papers will be preserved in a publicly accessible institution, but disappointed that we didn't have an opportunity to discuss the acquisition of the archive with him." Rushdie' said the British Library "never asked me about the archive&quo

46、t;.Emory University enjoys a large endowment thanks to a student who became a senior executive at Coca-Cola, and already holds the archives of the poets W B Yeats and Seamus Heaney, as well as Hughes. "Emory seems to be very serious about building a collection of contemporary literature,"

47、said Rushdie. "Not only do they have the papers of Hughes and Heaney, but also Paul Muldoon and other writers. I got the sense that they want to collect contemporary novelists as well and it just felt very good to be part of that."Rushdie, who now lives in New York, has accepted a position

48、 as a visiting fellow and will spend a month on the campus in Decatur, a leafy suburb of Atlanta, every year until 2012. "They asked if I'd ever thought about putting my archive anywhere and, to tell you the truth, until that moment I really hadn't," Rushdie said."My archive i

49、s so voluminous that I don't have room in my house for it and it's in an outside storage facility. I was worried about that and wanted to feel it was in a safe place." The papers will be open for scholars to study with one key exception: the "fatwa" diaries that Rushdie wrote

50、under threat of death from Islamic extremists for writing The Satanic Verses. He spent a decade in hiding under the protection of Scotland Yard after Ayatollah Khomeini, then leader of Iran, called the book "blasphemous against Islam" in 1989.The author may use the diaries as the basis for

51、 a book: "I wouldn't want them out in the open, 1 want to be the first person to have a go at the material, whether as a serious autobiography or as a memoir." He was ambivalent about the idea of scholars studying his papers. "The whole thing is very bizarre, you know, it's li

52、ke imagining someone going through your underwear."The two unpublished novelsThe Antagonist, influenced by Thomas Pynchon, the American writer, and The Book of Peerwere written by Rushdie in the 1970s: "The Antagonist was a contemporary London novel, set around Ladbroke Grove where I was l

53、iving at the time. I think it was embarrassingly Pynchonesque."Chris Smith, the former culture minister who chairs the UK Literary Heritage Working Group, said: "It is a very sad day for British literature and scholarship. Our literary heritage is arguably our greatest contribution to cult

54、ure and we should be taking special care to protect that." Andrew Motion, the poet laureate, last week called for the government to remove Vat from unbound papers, which increases the cost of purchases in this country. Stephen Enniss, of Emory University, said: "There is worldwide interest

55、 in Rushdie. We are catering for the long-term care of the archive and will welcome scholars from all over the world."11. It can be learned from the passage that the British author Salman Rushdie _.(A) lived in hiding under the protection of Scotland Yard for a decade(B) had spent the decade li

56、ving in Scotland Yard until 1998(C) lived in hiding in New York for one decade(D) had moved from place to place since the publication of The Satanic Verses12. According to the passage, the British Library _.(A) is going to buy back Rushdie's personal archive from Amory University(B) opposes the

57、American universities' acquisition of archives from British literary people(C) has discussed with Salman Rushdie about the acquisition of his personal archive(D) has expressed much concern over foreign buyers' acquisition of Britain's literary heritage13. It can be concluded from the pas

58、sage that the Emory University has collected the archives of all the following British poets EXCEPT _.(A) Ted Hughes(B) Andrew Motion(C) W B Yeats(D) Seamus Heaney14. According to the passage, the "fatwa" diaries (para.7) _.(A) were not included in the archive sold to the Emory University(

59、B) will not be open to the public in the near future(C) were all about the writing of The Satanic Verses(D) will soon be published to expose the persecution of Islamic extremists15. Why was Salman Rushdie ambivalent about the idea of scholars studying his papers?(A) He was afraid that he would be pu

60、rsued by Islamic extremists again.(B) The scholars might use the papers to write a biography about him.(C) He felt that his privacy might be easily exposed to the public.(D) He could not imagine what kind of consequences would be following.Questions 16-20At the tail end of the 19th century, Friedrich Nietzsche suggest