高中英語閱讀理解解題技巧講解(配有例題)

1、-作者xxxx-日期xxxx高中英語閱讀理解解題技巧講解(配有例題)【精品文檔】高中英語閱讀理解解題策略與技巧高考要求1. 理解文章主旨和要義；2. 理解文中具體信息；3. 根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞詞義；4. 作出簡單的推斷和判斷；5. 理解文章篇章結(jié)構(gòu)；6. 理解作者寫作意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。高考題型和解題技巧通過詳細(xì)分析歷年高考英語試卷，我們可將閱讀理解歸納為以下幾種題型：主旨大意題，細(xì)節(jié)理解題，推理判斷題（含寫作意圖、目的等），詞義猜測題。英語閱讀理解題的技巧與策略是學(xué)生提高閱讀理解多需要具備的。一、 主旨大意題（幾乎每年高考都有，13題）這類題在設(shè)題時(shí)常會用到title, subject, ma

2、in idea, topic, theme等詞。1. 歸納標(biāo)題題特點(diǎn)：短小精悍，一般多為一個短語；涵蓋性強(qiáng)，一般能覆蓋全文意思；精確性強(qiáng)，表達(dá)范圍要恰當(dāng)，不能隨意改變語意程度或色彩。常見命題形式有：Whats the best title for the text? The best title for this passage is _. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? 真題范例（2012安徽卷）Why is pink or purple a

3、 color for girls and blue or brown for boys?        The answer depends largely on cultural values as well as personal experiences. To the Egyptians, green was a color that represented the hope and joy of spring, while for Muslims, it means heaven. Red is a symbol o

4、f good luck in many cultures. In China, children are given money in a red envelope to bring good fortune in the New Year. For many nations, blue is a symbol of protection and religious beliefs. Greek people often wear a blue necklace hoping to protect themselves against evils (災(zāi)禍).  &

5、#160;     People's choice of colors is also influenced by their bodies' reactions (反應(yīng)) toward them. Green is said to be the most restful color. It has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally and physically. People who work in green environment have been

6、found to have fewer stomach aches.        Red can cause a person's blood pressure to rise and increase people's appetites (食欲). Many decorators will include different shades of red in the restaurant. Similarly, many commercial websites will have a red "

7、;Buy Now" button because red is a color that easily catches a person's eye.        Blue is another calming color. Unlike red, blue can cause people to lose appetite. So if you want to eat less, some suggest that eating from blue plates can help.  

8、;    The next time you are deciding on what to wear or what color to decorate your room, think about the color carefully. 63. Which of the following would be the most proper title for the text? A. Colors and Human Beings B. The Cultural Meaning of Color C. Colors and Personal Experien

9、ces D. The Meaning and Function of Color2. 概括大意題包括尋找段落大意（topic）和文章中心思想（main idea），常見命題形式有： What is the general/main idea of the passage？Which of the following expresses the main idea？What is the subject discussed in the text?The writer of the story wants to tell us that_. The passage/ text is mainly

10、 about_. Whats the article mainly about ？范例 Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an

11、 excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.Q: What is the main idea of the passage?A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer.B. Bingham is a diligent student.C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education.D. A good lawyer needs good education.【解題思路】  此文沒有

12、主題句。全篇共四句，只陳述了四個細(xì)節(jié)(detail)性的事實(shí)。因此就答案本身看，個個都對。讀者只能將所有的details綜合起來，進(jìn)行邏輯推理，才能構(gòu)成一個沒有言明的主題思想。由于文中主要涉及了Joshua Bingham接受教育的情況，即作者想告訴我們的是：Joshua Bingham接受過良好的教育，所以答案是 。范例 In the 1930s, a lot of people in the USA were out of work. Among these people was a man named Alfred Butts. He always had an interest in

13、word games and to fill his time he planned a game which he called “Lexico”. However, he was not completely satisfied with the game, so he made a number of changes to it and changed its name from “ Lexico” to “Alph” and then to “Criss Cross”. He wanted to make some money from his new game but he didn

14、t have any real commercial(商業(yè)性的)success.Q: The text is mainly about_.A. Lexico    B. Three men   C . A word game      D. Alfred Butts.解題技巧：閱讀理解文章多是議論文和說明文，這兩種文體的結(jié)構(gòu)可歸納為：提出問題論述問題得出結(jié)論或者闡明觀點(diǎn)。對于這類文章，抓主題句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。 主題句一般出現(xiàn)在文章的開頭或結(jié)尾。主題句具有簡潔性、概括性的特點(diǎn)。主題句

15、在文章中的位置主要有以下幾種情況：位于段首：一般而言，以演繹法撰寫的文章，主題句往往在文章的開頭，即先點(diǎn)出主題，然后圍繞這一主題作具體的陳述。判斷第一句是否為主題句，可具體分析段落的首句與第二，三句的關(guān)系；如果從第二句就開始對第一句進(jìn)行說明，論述或描述，那第一句就是主題句。有些段落，在主題句后面有明顯引出細(xì)節(jié)的信號詞，如for example, an example of; first, second, next, last, finally; to begin with, also, besides; one, the other; some, others等。在閱讀中應(yīng)盡量利用上述信號詞來

16、確定主題句的位置。范例 People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven't eaten a meal un1ess they have had steak or other red meatSome prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant a

17、nd fresh fruit0thers could live on what were called fastfoods：a hamburger or hot dog。French fries and a soft drink位于段尾：有些文章會在開頭列舉事實(shí), 然后通過論證闡述作者的核心論點(diǎn)。因此，如果第一句話不是概括性的或綜合性的話，最好快速讀一讀段落的最后一個句子，看看它是否具備主題句的特征。如果它具備主題句的特征，段落的主題思想就很容易確定了。一般說來，當(dāng)一種觀點(diǎn)不易向人解釋清楚或不易被人接受時(shí)，主題句便會到段落的末尾才出現(xiàn)。學(xué)生可以充分利用引出結(jié)論的信號詞。如so，therefor

18、e，thus，consequently；in conclusion，in short；in a word, to sum up等來確定主題句的位置在段尾。當(dāng)無明顯的此類信號時(shí)，學(xué)生可在段落的最后一句話前面添加一個引出結(jié)論的信號詞，以確定其是否是主題句。范例 Americans  might  be  embarrassed because their Japanese friends are so formal with themJapanese might feel insulted because American acquaintances greet th

19、em casuallyStill, the forms of greeting in both countries only show respect for othersIt just happens that Americans and Japanese have a different way of looking at human relationships and thus have a different way of showing respect位于段中：有時(shí)段落是先介紹背景和細(xì)節(jié)，接著用一句綜合或概括性的話概括前面所說的內(nèi)容或事例，然后再圍繞主題展開對有關(guān)問題的深入討論。這種

20、文章的主題句往往會在段落中間出現(xiàn)。歸納起來主要有兩種情況：先提出問題，然后給予回答(主題句)，最后給予解釋；或者，先提出問題，然后點(diǎn)出主題思想(主題句)，最后給予解釋。范例 In spite of the fact that cars from Germany and Japan are flooding the American marketFord, General Motors, and Chrysler are employing more workers than ever beforeThe flood of cheaper foreign cars has not cost Am

21、erican autoworkers their job as some experts expectedFord operates as far as Asia , and General Motors is considered Australia's biggest employerYet General Motors has its huge American work force and employs hundreds of people every day to meet the needs of an insatiable society。首尾呼應(yīng)：主題句在段落的開頭和

22、結(jié)尾兩個位置上先后出現(xiàn)，形成前呼后應(yīng)的格局。這兩個主題句敘說的是同一個內(nèi)容，但用詞不盡相同，這樣不但強(qiáng)調(diào)了主題思想，而且顯得靈活多變。這兩個句子并非簡單重復(fù)，后一個主題句或?qū)υ撝黝}作最后的評述，或?qū)σc(diǎn)作一概括，或使之引申留給讀者去思考。無明確主題句：找關(guān)鍵詞（出現(xiàn)頻率較高）, 歸納總結(jié)。范例 Bats are the only animals that truly flyThese animals use their leathery wings differently from birds. Birds flap their wings up and down, while bats us

23、e both their wings and legs, which makes them seem as if they are swimming through the airEven though bats take much longer，stronger strokes than birds, they still can beat their wings as often as twenty times per second! 此段落的主題詞是：bats, birds, different, fly歸納出段落的中心思想是：Bats are different from birds

24、in flying注意: 新題型中有一個選項(xiàng)是干擾項(xiàng)，解答此類題時(shí)同學(xué)易犯以下三種錯誤：（1）表述過于片面，只涵蓋該段個別細(xì)節(jié)；（2）表述過于籠統(tǒng)，超出該段的內(nèi)容；（3）表述與段落內(nèi)容無關(guān)，在段落中找不到相關(guān)依據(jù)二、細(xì)節(jié)理解題（高考比例較大）考查內(nèi)容主要涉及時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件、原因、結(jié)果、數(shù)字等；議論文中例證細(xì)節(jié)；定義類細(xì)節(jié)。這類題目的共同特點(diǎn)是：答案一般都能在文章中找到。當(dāng)然，答案并不一定是文章中的原句，考生需要根據(jù)文章提供的信息自己組織語句回答問題。1. 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題尋讀法（先讀題，帶著題干信息快速瀏覽全文） 分為直接理解題和間接理解題，前者常用who, what, which, whe

25、n, where, why和how提問，或判斷正誤；后者需與原文信息轉(zhuǎn)換，表達(dá)上與原文有差異。常見命題形式有： What can we learn from the passage? All the following are mentioned except .Which of the following is mentioned (not mentioned)? Which of the following statements is true/right/false/wrong about?真題范例 (2012江西卷)Mark had been scolded before for to

26、uching his fathers equipment. But his curiosity was difficult to control and this new computer really puzzled him.56Why did Mark touch the computer against his fathers warning?         AHe wanted to take a voyage.        

27、;            BHe wanted to practice his skill         CHe was so much attracted by it.                DHe was eager

28、 to do an experiment.2. 排列順序題首尾定位法（找出第一個事件和最后一個事件，用排除法縮小范圍） 常出現(xiàn)在記敘文和說明文中，一般按事件發(fā)生的順序。常見命題形式有： Which of the following is the correct order of? Which of the following shows the path of signals described in Paragraph?真題范例（2011山東卷）Since the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain

29、 with computers. Brain-computer interface(BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines. The researchers designed a special cap for the user. This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp(頭皮) and sends them to a computer. The computer interprets the signals and

30、commands the motorized wheelchair. The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path. They help the computer react to commands from the brain.   .73. Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5?A. scalpcomputercapwheelchairB. compu

31、tercapscalpwheelchairC. scalpcapcomputerwheelchairD. capcomputerscalpwheelchair3. 圖文匹配題按圖索驥理清線索設(shè)題形式：給出圖表，根據(jù)圖表提問問題。(略)4. 數(shù)字計(jì)算題（方法：審題帶著問題找細(xì)節(jié)對比、分析、計(jì)算）可直接找到相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)，但需經(jīng)過計(jì)算方可找到答案。真題范例 （2012福建卷） Affordable plans that I can understand-and no contract to sign (簽訂)!  Unlike other cell phones，Jitterbug

32、has plans that make sense. Why should I pay for minutes I'm never going to use? And if I do talk more than I plan, I won't find myself with no minutes like my friend who has a prepaid phone. Best of all, there is no contract to signso I'm not locked in for years at a time. The US-based c

33、ustomer service is second to none. And the phone gets service anywhere in the country.Monthly Minutes50100Monthly Rate911 AccessFREEFREELong Distance CallsNo additional chargeNo additional chargeFriendly Return Policy30 days30 days64.   On the monthly basis of 100 minutes, the Jitterbug we

34、ekly rate is about _.       A. $3.75               三、推理判斷題（失分較多、難度最大的題型）主要考查學(xué)生對文章中隱含或深層的含意的理解能力。它要求考生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容做出合乎邏輯的推斷，包括考生對作者觀點(diǎn)的理解，態(tài)度的判斷，對修辭、語氣、隱含意思等的理解。題干關(guān)鍵詞：infer(推斷), indicate(象征，暗示), imply/suggest(

35、暗示), conclude(作出結(jié)論), assume(假定，設(shè)想).1. 細(xì)節(jié)推理判斷題一般可根據(jù)短文提供的信息或借助生活常識進(jìn)行推理判斷，常見命題形式有：It can be inferred/ concluded from the text that _. The author implies/ suggests that_.We may infer that _.Which of the following statements is implied but NOT stated?真題范例（2012天津卷）.Some eyes rolled and there were a few lo

36、w groans(嘟囔聲)when Ms.Yates was about to speak. Many started looking at their watches and coming up with excuses to be anywhere instead of preparing to listen to a lecture from and old woman who had few kind words for her students and made them work harder than all the other teachers combined.42. Wha

37、t can be inferred from Paragraph 2? A. Some graduates were too busy to listen to Ms. Yates speech. B. Many graduates disliked Ms. Yates ways of teaching. C. Some people got tired from the reunion activities. D. Most people had little interest in the reunion.2. 預(yù)測推理判斷題根據(jù)語篇對文章接下來的內(nèi)容或可能的結(jié)局進(jìn)行猜測，常見命題形式有：

38、What do you think will happen if/when?At the end of this passage, the writer might continue to write .3. 推測文章來源或讀者對象常見命題形式有：The passage is probably take out of .The passage would most likely be found in .Where does this text probably come from?真題范例（2012北京卷）The Basics of MathMade ClearBasic Math intr

39、oduces students to the basic concepts of mathematics, as well as the fundamentals of more tricky areas. These 30 fantastic lectures are designed to provide students with an understanding of arithmetic and to prepare them for Algebra(代數(shù)) and beyond.If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction

40、 to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. Or you can get your money back.59. Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from?A. A news report. B. A book reviewC. A lesson plan. D. An advertisement4. 寫作意圖、目的、態(tài)度推斷題作者的語氣態(tài)度往往不會直接寫在文章里，只能通過細(xì)讀文章，從作者的選詞及其修飾手段中體會出來。詢問寫

41、作目的的題，選項(xiàng)里常出現(xiàn)的詞是：explain(解釋), prove (證明), persuade(勸說), advise(勸告), comment(評論), praise(贊揚(yáng)), criticize(批評), entertain(娛樂), demonstrate(舉例說明), argue(辯論), tell(講述), analyze(分析)等。詢問語氣態(tài)度的題，選項(xiàng)里常出現(xiàn)的詞是：neutral(中立的), sympathetic(同情的), satisfied(滿意的), friendly(友好的), enthusiastic(熱情的), subjective(主觀的), objecti

42、ve(客觀的), matter-of-fact(實(shí)事求是的), pessimistic(悲觀的), optimistic(樂觀的), critical(批評的), doubtful(懷疑的), hostile(敵對的), indifferent(冷淡的), disappointed(失望的)。常見命題形式有：The purpose of the text is .What is the main purpose of the author writing the text?By mentioning, the author aims to show that .What is the auth

43、ors attitude towards?What is the authors opinion on? The authors tone in this passage is _.真題范例(2012陜西卷)Spring is coming, and it is time for those about to graduate to look for jobs. Competition is tough, 

44、so job seekers must carefully consider their personal choices. Whatever we are wearing，our family and friends may accept us, but the workplace may not.  .As a hiring 

45、;manager I am paid to choose the people who would make the best impression on our customers. There are plenty of well-qualified candidates, so it is not wrong t

46、o reject someone who might disappoint my customers. Even though I am open-minded, I cant expect all our customers are. 60. The authors attitude towards strange dress 

47、;styles in the workplace may best be described as        A. enthusiastic      B. negative          C positive   

48、60;      D. sympathetic 解答技巧: 推斷題是考查學(xué)生透過文章表面的文字信息進(jìn)行分析、綜合、歸納等邏輯推理的能力。推理和判斷必須以事實(shí)為依據(jù)，切莫主觀臆斷。那些文章中直接陳述的內(nèi)容不能選，要選擇根據(jù)文章推理出來的選項(xiàng)。推理不是憑空猜測，而是立足已知推斷未知；作出正確答案時(shí)一定要在文中找到依據(jù)或理由。要忠實(shí)于原文，以文章提供的事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)。不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的想法；不要脫離原文主觀臆斷。四、詞義猜測題考點(diǎn)：猜測某個詞、詞組、句子的意義；對文中的多義詞或詞組進(jìn)行定義；判斷某個代詞的指代的

49、對象。常見命題形式有：The underlined word/phrase in the second paragraph means _. The word “it/they” in the last sentence refers to_.The word “”（Line 6. para.2）probably means _.The word “”（Line 6. para.2）could best be replaced by which of the following?Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “” ?解題技巧: ，首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，然后才能猜詞