初中英語專項(xiàng)練習(xí)語法專練之簡單句的句子成分及基本句型

1、語法專練之簡潔句的句子成分及基本句型英語句子與漢語句子一樣，都是由單詞根據(jù)肯定的規(guī)章所組成的； 不同的詞類在句中所起的作用是不同的；因此，只有搞清不同詞類在句中可充當(dāng)哪些成分，才能正確分析、懂得句的子含義，并能精確地 遣詞造句，逐步達(dá)到流利地說出地道；的英語組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分；它包括：主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、表語和賓語補(bǔ)足語等；1.主語：是句子要說明的人或事物，是句子的主體，一般由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式或動(dòng)名詞等充當(dāng)；如：the car is running fast.名詞 we are students.代詞one of my classmates is from sha

2、nghai.數(shù)詞 it's bad manners to spit in public.不定式 eating too much is bad for your health.動(dòng)名詞 【留意】如不定式短語作主語常用it 作形式主語，而把真正的主語不定式短語 放在句后；2.謂語：說明主語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，也是句子的主體部分，一般由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)；動(dòng)詞分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞；實(shí)義動(dòng)詞單獨(dú)作謂語， 連系動(dòng)詞與表語一起構(gòu)成謂語，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與省略to 的不定式構(gòu)成合成謂語， 助動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞原形共同構(gòu)成謂語部分； 如：he works in a factory.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 i felt cold.

3、 系動(dòng)詞表語 how can i get to the station？情態(tài)動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 do you speak english？ 助動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 they are working in a field.助動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 【留意】謂語與主語在人稱與數(shù)方面要相互照料；3.賓語：是及物動(dòng)詞所涉及的對象，一般由名詞、代詞、不定式及動(dòng)名詞等充當(dāng)；如：he is doing his homework.名詞 they did nothing this morning.代詞 she wants to go home.不定式 we enjoy playing football.動(dòng)名詞 【留意】有的動(dòng)詞可接雙賓

4、語， 間接賓語指人， 直接賓語指物；這類動(dòng)詞常見的有： give ，buy ，lend ， pass ， tell ， leave 等；如：he bought me a book.pass me the ball，will you ？ 間賓直賓 直接賓語一般放在間接賓語之后，但如把直接賓語放在前面， 就要在間接賓語前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~如to 或 for 等；如：han chen lent some money to li hai.直賓間賓 xiao liu bought a dictionary for tom.直賓間賓 有的動(dòng)詞常用不定式作賓語，而不能用動(dòng)名詞；這類動(dòng)詞有：want ，wish ，

5、 hope ，promise ，decide ，agree ， choose ，care 等；如：i hope to see you again.有的動(dòng)詞一般只用動(dòng)名詞作賓語， 而不用不定式；這類動(dòng)詞有：enjoy ，finish ， mind ，practise ，miss ， suggest ，keepon 等；如：do you mind my opening the window？有的動(dòng)詞后接不定式與動(dòng)名詞含義不同；aforget to do表示“未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 ”， forget doing表示“已完成的動(dòng)作”；如：don't forget to come here earlie

6、r tomorrow.仍沒來 i forgot returning the book to him.書已仍給他了 bstop to do 不定式為狀語 表示“停下原先的事，去做另一件事”，stop doing表示“停止做某事 ”；如：i stopped to talk with him.我停下來與他談話； the students stopped talking when the teacher came in.老師進(jìn)來時(shí)同學(xué)們停止談話；4.定語：用于修飾名詞或代詞，一般由形容詞、名詞、數(shù)詞、不定式等充當(dāng)；如： what a beautiful kite it is！形容詞 she is a

7、chemistry teacher.名詞there are two students in the classroom.數(shù)詞 we have something to do tomorrow.不定式 the man in blue is my brother.介詞短語 【留意】定語一般位于被修飾詞之前，但如修飾不定代詞或不定式等短語作定語，就放在后面；5.狀語：用于修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，一般由副詞、介詞短語、不定式短語或從句充當(dāng)； 單個(gè)副詞作狀語一般放在被修飾詞之前，短語或從句放在句首或句末；如：thank you very much.副詞i get up at five in the

8、 morning.介詞短語 he is studying hard so as to catch up with others.不定式短語 we were having breakfast when the telephone rang.從句【留意】 enough 作狀語只能放在被修飾詞之后；如：he is old enough to go to school.6.表語：用于說明主語的身份、 特點(diǎn)或感受， 一般由名詞、 數(shù)詞、形容詞、分詞等充當(dāng)；常用的連系動(dòng)詞有：be，look ，get，sound 聽起來，feel ，become ， smell ，turn ，taste 嘗起來 等；如：t

9、hey are workers.名詞 two and three is five.數(shù)詞the story is very interesting.形容詞 m y job 工作is teaching english.動(dòng)名詞 she is at home.介詞短語 i feel terrible. 形容詞 the dish tastes delicious.形容詞 7.賓語補(bǔ)足語：用于補(bǔ)充說明賓語的動(dòng)作，一般位于賓語之后，賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語；需接復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞有：tell ， let，help ，teach ， ask ，see ， have ，order ，make 等； “賓補(bǔ)”

10、一般由不定式短語、分詞、名詞、形容詞等充當(dāng)；如：we elected him monitor.名詞i found it difficult to learn english well.形容詞 the doctor told me to do more exercise.不定式短語 he is going to have his hair cut.過去分詞 they saw a bird flying in the sky.現(xiàn)在分詞 簡潔句的五種基本句型1. s+v此句型的特點(diǎn)是 : 謂語動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞 , 本身能表達(dá)完整的意思, 后面不需跟賓語 , 但有時(shí)可跟副詞、介詞短語等作狀語；如:he

11、 laughed.john has read widely.he lives in london.2. s+v+o 此句型的特點(diǎn)是 : 謂語動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞 , 不能表達(dá)完整的意思 , 必需跟有一個(gè)賓語；如 :our team beat all the others.3. s+v+p此句型的特點(diǎn)是 : 謂語動(dòng)詞是連系動(dòng)詞 , 不能表達(dá)完整的意思 , 必需加上一個(gè)說明主語特點(diǎn)、身份、狀態(tài)的表語；常見的系動(dòng)詞有 :be 是,become 成為,get變得,turn變得,grow變 得,look看起來 ,feel感到,smell聞起來 ,taste嘗起來,sound聽起來 ,seem 好像,keep保

12、持,stay保持 等；如 : the rose smells sweet.4. s+v+ino+do此句型的特點(diǎn)是 : 謂語動(dòng)詞跟有兩個(gè)賓語 , 這兩個(gè)賓語都是動(dòng)作的對象或承擔(dān)者, 其中指人的是間接賓語, 指物的是直接賓語；當(dāng)間接賓語放在直接賓語之后時(shí), 通常需要加介詞for或to ；可跟雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有:answer,bring,buy,find,get,give,lend,make,pass,pay,send,show,sing,take,teach,tell,write等；如 : mr. li told us an interesting story.would you please gi

13、ve this dictionary to li hua.5. s+v+o+oc此句型的特點(diǎn)是 : 謂語動(dòng)詞雖然跟有一個(gè)賓語, 但意思仍不完整 , 必需加上另外一個(gè)成分 賓語補(bǔ)足語 對賓語進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明；可以用作賓語補(bǔ)足語的有: 名詞、形容詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分 詞、介詞短語等；如 :we must keep our school clean.they made him their monitor.【注】 s=subject 主語; v=verb謂語動(dòng)詞 ; p=predicative表語; o=object賓語; ino=indirect object間接賓語 ;do=direct objec

14、t直接賓語 ; oc=object complement賓語補(bǔ)足語 簡潔句句子翻譯專練 ：1 beth 特別善于游泳；beth .2 這個(gè)箱子裝滿書；the box books. the box books/3 我媽媽由于我的錯(cuò)誤很憤怒；mymother because .4 這個(gè)小孩怕狗； .5 你能遞給我一些鹽嗎？could you me.6 我們?yōu)槟愕倪M(jìn)步而驕傲；we you for your great progress.7 這部電影讓我對科學(xué)發(fā)生了愛好；the movie science.8 他們都對對這個(gè)令人興奮的消息感到興奮；they the news.9 下次不要再上學(xué)遲到了；

15、 school again.10 我們應(yīng)當(dāng)對那些動(dòng)物友好些；we should the animals.11 你們認(rèn)為他聰慧嗎？do you think ,do you think .12 人們應(yīng)當(dāng)被阻擋砍伐太多的樹木；peopleshould too trees.13 bob 總是花許多時(shí)間玩電腦嬉戲嗎？ bobalwaysspend computer games.14 你需要有人幫你搬運(yùn)貨物嗎？do you need anyone the goods.15 昨天晚上，他媽媽直到十點(diǎn)才回到家；his mother home until 10 oclock last night.16 秋天的天

16、氣不冷也不熱；it s cold hot in autume.17 你最好脫掉你的外套；you had better .18 她不僅會(huì)說英語，仍會(huì)說漢語；shecan english, chinese.19 今日的報(bào)紙上有什么重要內(nèi)容嗎？is there in todays newspaper.20 這座山?jīng)]有你想象的那么危急；the mountain is than you think.21 這位外國伴侶來中國已經(jīng)半年了；theforeignfriendhas china a year.22 寂靜點(diǎn)，小孩在睡覺； , the baby .23 昨晚的雨好像下得很大；the rain seem

17、ed very last night .it seemed last night.24 miss yang教我英語；miss yang .25 多美麗的一塊手表??！what it is. the watch is.26 多好的天氣呀！what it is . what it is.27 我很興奮又在這兒見到你；im very you here .28 他們最終以唱英語歌終止了這個(gè)班會(huì)；theyan englishsong at the class meeting.29 不要擔(dān)憂我； . .30 kitty 以前學(xué)習(xí)不仔細(xì)，但她現(xiàn)在變得越來越仔細(xì)了；kittydidnt study , but

18、she becomes now.answers:1is,very,good,at.swimming;2is,full,of;is,filled,with;3is,very,angry,with,me,of,my ,mistakes;4 the child is afraid of dogs.5 pass,some,salt,to;6 are,proud,of;7make,me,interested,in;8are,all,excited,about,exciting;9dont,be,late,for;10be,friendly,to;11him,clever;he,is,clever;12b

19、e ,stopped,from,cutting,many;13does,too,much,time,playing;14to,help,you,tocarry;15didnt,return;16 neither,nor;17 take offyour coat;18 speak not only;but also; 19 anything, important;20less,dangerous;21been,in,for,half;22be,quiet,is,sleeping;23heavy;to,rain,very,heavily;24teaches,me,english;25a,nice,

20、watch; how,nice; 26 a,fine,day; fine,weather27 glad,to,see,again;28 ended,up,singing;29 dont, worry,about,me; dont,be,worred,about,me;30 use,to,carefully; more,and,more,careful;挑選填空1. my mother my sister watches tv plays these days.a. either, norb. both, andc. neither, ord. neither, nor2.-which woul

21、d you like, rice or noodles.- is ok. i'm hungry.a. eitherb. neitherc. bothd. all3. we found necessary to protect the environment.a. itb. thisc. thatd. what 4 .- may i use your pen. mine is broken.- of course, here are two and you can use of them.a. bothb. everyc. anyd. either5. this match made t

22、hem at last.a. friendlyb. happilyc. quicklyd. slowly6. no one except jack and tom the meeting.a. are lateb. were late forc. was late ford. is late 7.-how much this pair of trousers.- ten dollars enough.a. are, isb. is, arec. are, ared. is, is8. every table and every chair made of wood.a. isb. arec.

23、wered. be9. did it snow last night .a. heavyb. heavilyc quickd. fast 10. cold it is today！a. howb. how ac. whatd. what a 11you must keep your eyes .a. closedb. closec. be closedd. to closed 12.let's go out for a walk, .a. won't youb. don't wec. why notd. shall we13. will your sister be b

24、ack .in about two hours.a. howb. how oftenc. how longd. how soon 14.now you get , go out and try your luck.a. dressingb. dressedc. dressc. dresses15.-ihear that you're going back toaustralia. i hope you'llreturn one day.- . i hope to return when i'm older.a. i do sob. so ic. i so dod. so

25、 do i 16.the greens working in the garden now.a. amb. isc. ared. were 17.please show new picture book.a. he yourb. his youc. him yourd. him you 18. will you stay there.a. how longb. what timec. how oftend. when19. lin tao can't be at home. i saw him here a few minutes ago.a. playsb. to playc. pl

26、ayingd. played20. we'd better on the road. a car may hit us.a. not to playb. not playc. to not playd. don't play21. please don't forget to me, will you.a. to writeb. writingc. writed. writes 22.the soldier ran into the room the baby.a. savingb. to savec. savesd. saved23. look. lily with

27、her sister a kite on the playground.a. is flyingb.are flyingc.flyingd. fly24. everyone except tom and john there when the meeting began.a. isb. wasc. ared. were 25.there some milk and some bananas on the table.a. isb. arec. haved. has26.a number of sheep seen by us when we passed the field.a. isb. a

28、rec. wasd. were27. he has never visited the great hall of the people, .a. hasn't heb. has hec. doesd. doesn't he28. she thinks she can get there on time, she.a. canb. doesn'tc. can'td. does29. wonderful music it is. i like it very much.a. whatb. how ac. what ad. how30. picture books

29、in class, please.a. not readb. no readc. not readingd. don't readanswers:1-5.d a a d a6-10c d a b a11-15a d d b d 16 20c c a c b21-25a b a b a26-30d b c a d句型轉(zhuǎn)換常用句型轉(zhuǎn)換題1. everyday, yao mingreceives emails fromthousands ofbasketball fans.every day, yao ming thousands of basketball fans.2. they wil

30、l get to london in four days.they will london in four days.3. the runner couldnt catch up with the others in the race.the runner the others in the race.4. tom borrowed a picture book from the boy just now.the boy a picture book tom just now.5. you must clean your classroom every day.your classroom m

31、ust every day.6. he can finish the work easily. for him finish the work.7. how old are you. your .8. he hasnt been to france. she hasnt been to france, either. he she been to france.9. mrs smith is not only my teacher but also my good friend.mrs smith is my good friend my teacher.10. how clever the man is. clever man he is. 11.the snow was heavy last night.it last night.12. the foreigners have visited the great wall.the foreigners have the great wall.13. she spent 30 dollars on the english-chinese dictionary.the english-chinese dicti