初中英語(yǔ)的不定式和動(dòng)名詞

1、中學(xué)不定式和動(dòng)名詞一、 動(dòng)詞不定式：構(gòu)成：to + 動(dòng)詞原形1. 以下動(dòng)詞只能接不定式作：want想要 ,agree 同意 , choose 挑選 , decide 打算 ,expect 期望 ,hope 期望 ,earn 學(xué)會(huì) ,need 必要 ,offer供應(yīng) ,prefer 寧愿 ,+to dopromise 保證 , plan 方案refuse 拒絕 ,wish 期望 ,would like想要2. 以下動(dòng)詞只能接動(dòng)名詞（即動(dòng)詞+ing ） enjoy; mind; practice; finish； suggest ;deny;admit ; keep; spend;feel lik

2、e+ doing sth.enjoy doing sth.,喜愛(ài)做某事mind doing sth.介意做某事 , practice doing sth.練習(xí)做某事finish doing sth.做完某事 feel like doing sth.想要做某事keep doing sth. 堅(jiān)持做某事 have fun doing sth.縱情做某事suggest doing sth.建議做某事 deny doing sth.否認(rèn)做某事admit doing sth. 承認(rèn)做某事be/get used to doing sth. 習(xí)慣做某事 look forward to doing sth.

3、希望做某事spend in doing sth. 花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事 cant help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事be worth doing sth 值得做某事prefer doing sth. to doing sth與相比更喜愛(ài)做某事pay attention to doing sth.留意做某事3有些動(dòng)詞后面既可接不定式，也可接動(dòng)名詞，意思相同；如： begin/start to do sth.= begin/start doing sth開(kāi)頭做某事 , like/love to do sth= like / love doing

4、 sth.喜愛(ài)做某事 ; hate to do sth. =hate doing sth.憎恨做某事4. 有些動(dòng)詞后接不定式或名詞時(shí)，意思不同；如：1） remember doing sth. 記得作過(guò)某事（某事已做過(guò)）remember to so sth.記住去做某事（某事仍沒(méi)做） 2） forget doing sth.忘了作過(guò)某事（某事已做過(guò)）forget to do sth.忘了去做某事（某事仍沒(méi)做）3） try to do sth.=do one s best to do sth. 盡力去做某事try doing sth.嘗試做某事4） stop doing sth. 停止做某事（停

5、止正在做的事）stop to do sth.停下來(lái)做某事（停止的事去做另外的事） 5） go on doing sth.連續(xù)做某事（同一件事）go on to do sth. 接著去做某事（不同的事）5.以下動(dòng)詞跟動(dòng)詞不定式充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：vt.+sb. to do sth.vt.+ sb.+not to do sth.want/ask/ tell /order/ allow/ wish/beg/advise / call /invite +sb. to do sth. she told me to buy a ticket.她讓我去買張票my mother often tells menot

6、 to go out at night.6. help 后的不定式可帶to, 也可不帶tothe teachers helped the studentsto learn english well . 那些老師幫忙同學(xué)學(xué)好英語(yǔ)；he often helps his mother to tidy up the room.他常常幫忙他媽媽整理房間；17. 動(dòng)詞不定式省to 的情形一感 feel二聽(tīng)hear, listen to+sb. do sth.三使 have, let, make四看 see, watch, look at, notice常考短語(yǔ)： hear/see/ make / let

7、sb. do sth.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： sb. be heard/ seen/made/let to do sth.（變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)補(bǔ)回to ） i often see him help others.he is often seen to help other by me.二、動(dòng)詞不定式的句式：1.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)時(shí)，常用it 作形式主語(yǔ)，而將真正的主語(yǔ)放在句；it + is/was+adj.+for sb. + to do sth.to learn english well is useful. = it s useful to learn english well.學(xué)好英語(yǔ)是有用的；

8、to protect environment is important for us.= it s important for us to protect environment.對(duì)于我們來(lái)說(shuō)愛(ài)護(hù)環(huán)境是很重要的；2. it is / was + adj.kind / good/ nice/ clever + of sb. +to do sth.it s very kind of youto help me. =you are very kind to help me你幫忙我真是太好啦；it s very clever of you to do like that .=you are cleve

9、r to do like that 你那樣做真的太聰慧啦；這個(gè)句型的形容詞為表示人的品行，氣質(zhì)之類的詞；可以等于句型：sb. is / was + adj. +to do sth.3. it takes took , will take sb. some time to do something. 做某事花費(fèi)某人時(shí)間 4. 主語(yǔ) + find / think+ it + 形容詞+ for sb. + to doi find it easy to read english every day.我發(fā)覺(jué)每天讀英語(yǔ)和簡(jiǎn)單的；he felt it hard to sleep.他覺(jué)得很難入睡；i thin

10、k it very interestingto learn english.我認(rèn)為學(xué)英語(yǔ)很好玩；we found it impossibleto cross the river.我們發(fā)覺(jué)過(guò)河是不行能的；5.不定式作表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)的“職業(yè)、職責(zé)或性質(zhì)”等 her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作就是打掃大廳；my dream is to be a teacher. 我的理想是當(dāng)一名老師；6.不定式作狀語(yǔ)的用法he worked day and night to get the money. （表目的）他日夜工作來(lái)賺錢；he is too young to go to s

11、chool.（表結(jié)果）他太小以致不能上學(xué)；they were very sad to hear the news. （表緣由）聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息他們特別難過(guò)；the question is simple for himto answer.（表程度）這個(gè)問(wèn)題對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)太簡(jiǎn)單回答了；7. 動(dòng)詞不定式可以和疑問(wèn)詞who, what, which, when, how, wherewhy除外 等連用，構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)； can you tell me how to get to the post office.i didn t know what to do next.how to learn english

12、well is the question that we all want to ask. the question is when to get there.what to do與 how to do 的區(qū)分 :i don t know what to do next. 我不知道下一步該做什么；what to do 后沒(méi)有 sth.i don t know how to use this machine. 我不知道怎么樣使用這部機(jī)器（how to do +sth. ）2三、動(dòng)名詞（動(dòng)詞 +ing ）作用相當(dāng)于名詞； （可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)）1. reading is an art.讀

13、書是一種藝術(shù)； （作主語(yǔ)）2. your task is cleaning the windows.你的任務(wù)就是擦窗戶； （作表語(yǔ)）3. he likes swimming. （作賓語(yǔ)）a. washing machine 洗衣機(jī)， a reading room閱覽室（作定語(yǔ)）3非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（不定式和動(dòng)名詞）專練（）1. mother told her sonin the street.a. not playb. to not playc. doesnt playd. not to play 2. his wish wasa scientist.a. to becomesb. becomesc.

14、 becomed. to become 3. it s raining hard. you d better.a. go outb. not go outc. not to go outd. to not out 4. do you knowwashing machine.a. where to getb. to where to getc. where getd. to where get 5. the students dont knownext.a. how tob. what to doc. what dod. do what 6. would you mindme howenglis

15、h words.a. telling , to rememberb. telling, rememberc. tell, to rememberd. tell, remember 7. mr. brown asked us to stop, and we stoppedhim at once.a. talking, to listen tob. to talk, to listenc. talking, listeningd. talk, listen 8. -what are you going to be after you finish college.-i m going to be

16、a singer, but my parentsme to be a doctor.a. hopeb. wantc. maked. let 9.- i saw betty go to grandpa zhang s home just now.-yes , she is often seenthe old man with his housework.a. helpb. to helpc. helpsd. helped 10. -do you need to get there before ten.-no, i.a. don t have tob. don t needc. cantd. m

17、ustnt 12. after she finishedthe letter, she went to bed.a. to writeb. writingc. writtend. wrote 13. it was very late at night, he still went on.a. worksb. workedc. workingd. work 14.- have you finishthe book.-not yet. i ll tryit to you before friday.a. reading, returning,b. to read, to returnc. read

18、ing, to return,d. to read, returning 15. the old man is strong enough. he prefersto.a. walking, ridingb. walk, ridec. to walk, rided. walking, ride 16. i have quite a few people.a. take care ofb. to take care ofc. to take cared. take care 17. i usually forgetthe door, but i rememberedit when i left

19、yesterday.a.closing, closingb. to close, to closec. to close, closingd. closing, to close 18. i m madethirsty by the strange thing.a. feelb. feelingc. to feeld. felt4 20. i m sorryyour friend is ill.a. hearb. to hearc. listend. to listen 21. -will you please tell john to come to my office.-.a. yes,

20、i dob. i ll be gladc. thank youd. i ll be glad to 22. have you read the book. it s worth.a. readb. to readc. readingd. to reading 23. this box is too heavy for the child.a. to carry itb. to carryc. carryingd. carrying it 24. the young man is old enoughthe army.a. joinb. joiningc. to joind. joins 25.

21、 the flowers need.a. wateringb. to waterc. waterd. watered 27. -have you finished the work.-not yet, but no matter how hard it is, well keepuntil we make it.a. failedb. tryingc. triedd. falling 28. -do you want to eat something. -. thanks. i am feeling sick n. oi wdont feel like.a. yes, eating somet

22、hingb. no, to eat anythingc. yes, to eat anythingd. no, eating anything 29.- do you still rememberme sometime in shanghai.-yes, of course. two years ago.a. to seeb. seec. seeingd. saw 30. it took us a long timehawaii, but we thought the journey was enjoyable.a. to getb. gettingc. to reachd. reaching 31. i t s importantthe piano well.a. of him to playb. for him to playc. of him playingd. for him playing 32. good manners usually help people toeach other.a. get on well