初中階段不定式總結(jié)及習題及答案

1、學習必備歡迎下載unit 1-3 語法 -不定式to do1不定式的基本形式與結(jié)構(gòu)動詞不定式指通常由to 加上動詞原形如 to write所構(gòu)成的一種動詞形式，但在有些情形下 to 可以省略；全部的主動詞，不論是及物動詞仍是不及物動詞， 都有不定式形式；沒有不定式形式；動詞不定式在語法功能上可作主語、賓語、表語、定語和狀語；2不定式的用法1不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語1. te get contact with his family in taiwan made him extremely happy since they separated more than 40 years ago2. to fin

2、ish that task in such a short time is really a challenge在上述情形下，假如不定式較長，顯得頭重腳輕，就可由代詞讓作形式主語形式主語 it 不行由 that 或 this 等其他代詞代替 ，而將不定式放到后面；如：1.it made him extremely happy to get contact with his family in taiwan since they separated more than 40 years ago2.john admitted that it is always difficult for him

3、to be on time不定式結(jié)構(gòu)所表示的動作是誰做的，即不定式的規(guī)律主語，通?？梢酝ㄟ^for sb.to do sth. 結(jié)構(gòu)表達：如： 1.it is quite important for us to read good books during a general review2. it is not difficult fot those talented students to pass the exam.在某些形容詞 如 careless， clever，considerate， foolish ， good， impolite ， kind， naughty，nice，sil

4、ly ，stupid 等作表語時，不定式后可以加of 來引導出其規(guī)律主 語：1.it is very kind of you to tell me the truth 2.it is stupid of him to do such a silly thing2不定式作賓語不定式作賓語有兩種：一種是及物動詞后直接跟帶to 的不定式，另一種是 “及物動詞 +疑問詞 +帶 to 的不定式；及物動詞 +帶 to 的不定式結(jié)構(gòu) :只能跟動詞不定式的動詞， 常見的有 : afford， agree，aim， appear，ask， believe， care，claim，decide demand， d

5、esire， determine， expect， fail ， happen， hesitate， hope， intend， learn， long， manage， offer ， pretend， promise， prepare， refuse， seek， swear， undertake，want， wish 等 ；1.he managed to solve the complicated problem. 2.the stranger offered to show me the way.3.mr. smith undertook to build a new plant in

6、 south africa.動詞+疑問代 副詞+不定式：這類動詞常見的有 advise， decide， find out， forget， inquire， know， learn， see， regard 中學英語語法總結(jié)， remember， teach， tell ， understand， wonder 等；常見的疑問代 副詞有: what， when， where， which， how， whether 等；1. he does not know when to start.2. you can decide whether to continue or to stop.3.i

7、will show you how to deal with it.學習必備歡迎下載有時，不定式可由 it 代替，而把不定式放到后面去；這可以用這一結(jié)構(gòu)表達：動詞如 find ， think， consider， feel 等+it+形容詞 +不定式；1. she considers it necessary to make friends with him.2. we find it difficult to finish all the homework before 9 o clock.3不定式做表語一種情形為主語是不定式表示條件 ；表語是不定式 表示結(jié)果 ： 1.to see is t

8、o believe.2.to work means to earn a living另一種情形為主語是以aim，duty，hope， idea，job， plan，problem， purpose，thing，wish 等名詞為中心的短語，或以what 引導的名詞性從句，不定式表語對主語起補充說明作用： ；例如：1. his aim is to study abroad in the near future2. the most important thing is to negotiate with them about the price 3.what i want to say is t

9、o forget all the unhappy experience4不定式作定語不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作名詞詞組修飾語主要有三種類型：第一種，被修飾的名詞詞組是不定式的規(guī)律賓語；例如：1. there was really nothing to fear2. he gave me an interesting book to read假如不定式是不及物動詞，后面就得加相應的介詞；例如：1.mary needs a friend to play with 2.that girl has nothing to worry about 3.they have a strict teacher to list

10、en to4.although the film had been on for ten minutes， i still was not able to find a chair to sit on其次種，被修飾的名詞詞組是不定式的規(guī)律主語；例如：1.have you got a key to unlock the door. 2.the action to be taken is correct3.there is nothing to be gained by pretending第三種， 被修飾的名詞詞組是不定式的同位結(jié)構(gòu)； 這類名詞通常是表示妄想、 努力、傾向、目的、愿望、is 算、

11、才能、意向等意義的名詞： ability ， attempt， effort ， impulse， inclination ，wish 等；例如：1.her daughter will make an even bigger effort to please her2.i have no wishto quarrel withyou3.neither of them had any inclination to do business with mary.5不定式作狀語不定式結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語通常都能轉(zhuǎn)換為限制性狀語從句；例如作緣由狀語：1. they are quite surprised t

12、o see the great changes taking place in the area2. they are quite surprised because they see the great changes taking place in the area 3.he was lucky to arrive before dark4.he was lucky because he arrived before dark作目的狀語：1. she raised her voice to be heared better2. she raised her voice so that sh

13、e could heard better學習必備歡迎下載3. we went via heidelberg to miss the traffic jam4. we went via heidelberg so that we could miss the traffic jam作結(jié)果狀語 ：1.the french football team played so successfully as to defeat the brazilians 2.the french football team played so successfully that they even defeated t

14、he brazilians3. he got to the station only to be told the train had gone4. he got to the station and was told that the train had gone不帶 to 的不定式的使用動詞不定式通常帶to，但在有些搭配中不帶to，在另一些搭配中可帶to 可不帶to；歸納起來，以下情形下使用不帶to 不定式：1 在 can could， /may might，will would，shallshould，must， need，dare等情態(tài)動詞之后，動詞不定式不帶to；2在表示感覺意義的動

15、詞， 如 see中學英語語法總結(jié)， feel，watch，notice，smell， hear，observe等后，或是表示 “致使”意義的動詞，如 have，let，make 等后，動詞不定式不帶 to；例如：1.i often heard him say that he would study hard2.i must have him see his own mistakes但是，當這類結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換為被動語態(tài)時，后面的不帶to 不定式一般轉(zhuǎn)換為帶to 不定式；例如：1. he was often heard to say that he would study hard2. after he

16、 had finished speaking， he was made to answer innumerable questions 3在動詞 help 之后可用不帶 to 的不定式，也可用帶to 的不定式；例如： 1.help the old lady to carry the heavy box.4) 在 had better，would rather，may might as well，rather than，can not but 等搭配之后中學英語語法總結(jié)，動詞不定式也不帶to；例如：1.unless you feel to ill to go out， i would rathe

17、r not stay at home tonight 2.she could not but criticize his foolish behaviour.5) 在 make do，make believe，let drop，1et fall ，1et fly，let slip ，let drive，let gooff ，hear say， hear tell，leave go of 等固定搭配中，用不帶to 的動詞不定式；例如：1. they let go of the rope他們松開了繩子；2. john let fly a torrent of abuse at me約翰朝我痛罵了一

18、頓； 3.i've heard tell of him我聽說過他；4.some of the faculty were let go for lack of the students員工被解雇了；由于生源不足，一些教職6在介詞 but 中學英語語法總結(jié)中學英語語法總結(jié)，except 之后，假如其前有動詞 do 的某種形式，其后不定式一般不帶to，反之就必需帶 to，表示“不得不，只能”；例如：1. he will do anything except work on the farm2. there was nothing left for the enemy to do but su

19、rrender3. the spy was both hungry and cold； there was nothing left for him but to give in4.i had no choice but to wait till it stopped raining學習必備歡迎下載下面一些短語是固定搭配，不帶to：can not help but，can not choose bu，tbut；例如：i can not but admire his courage.假如上述句中有do，to 省略：can not but，do nothing but，have nothing t

20、o doi did nothing but watch tv last night 假如是下面一個固定搭配，就帶to：i have no choice but to give up my idea. 7緊跟在 why 或 why not 之后的動詞不定式總是不帶to；但是，緊跟在 who，what，which， whether 等連接詞后的不定式帶to；例如： why stand up if you can sit down.why not ask your teacher when you don't understand the meaning. you needn't d

21、ecide yet whether to study arts or science 4不定式的否定形式否定形式是在不定式的標志to 前加 not；例如：1.i decided not to ask him again2. please remember not to leave the lights on when you are out動詞不定式練習一. 依據(jù)上句意思完成下句，使兩句意思相近或相同，每空一詞；1. he was so angry that he couldn t say anything. he was too angry anything.2. i don t know

22、when we will have the meeting.i don t knowwhen the meeting.3. he said he would write a letter.he said he would have a letter .4. that you read english in the morning is very important.it is very important you english in the morning.5. he was so strong that he could lift the stone. （石頭） he was strong

23、 the stone.6. his father went to beijing for his holiday.his father went to beijing his holiday.7. they got up early so that they could get there in time.they got up early there in time.8. his brother decided that he would buy the book. his brother decided the book.9. he hopes that he can visit the

24、great wall. he hopes the great wall.10.i saw him go into the room.he was seen into the room.11. we made him work five hours a day.he was made five hours a day.12. do you want to say anything for yourself.do you have anything for yourself.學習必備歡迎下載13. we don t know what we shall do next. we don t know

25、 what next.14.i m very sorry on hearing the bad news. i m very sorry thedbnaews.15.he stopped and had a look at me.he stopped a look at me.16.i helped him with his english.i helped him english.17. my father promised（許諾） that he would buy me a bike.my father promised me a bike.18. the box is so heavy

26、 that i can t carry it. the box is too heavy me .19. “ lie down.” the boy said to his dog.the boy ordered his dog down.20. “ don t make any noisshee, said”to me.she told me any noise.二. 單項：1. this company was the first portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world.a. producingb. to

27、 producec. having producedd. produced2. the purpose of new technology is to make life easier, it more difficult. a .not makingb. not makec .not to maked. nor to make3. helen had to shout above the sound of the music . a .making herself hearb. to make herself hearc. making herself heardd .to make her

28、self heard4. i don t know whether you happen ,but i am going to study in the u.s.a this september.a .to be heard.b. to be bearingc .to heard .to have heard5. the news reporters hurried to the airport, only the film stars had left. a .to tellb .to be toldc .tellingd .told6. you were silly not your ca

29、r.a. to lockb. to have lockedc. lockingd. having locked7. the teacher asked us so much noise.a .don t make b. not makec. not makingd .not to make8. an army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered clear warnings before firing any shots.a .to issueb. being issuedc. to have issuedd. t

30、o be issued9. i d rather have a room of my own, howevsemr someone else.all it is, than a room witha. to shareb. to have sharedc. shared. sharing10. the bankisreportedinthelocal newspaperinbroad daylight yesterday.a. robbedb. to have been robbedc. being robbedd. having been robbed學習必備歡迎下載11. a number

31、 of paintings in the castle are believed in a fire.a. being destroyedb. having been destroyedc. to be destroyedd. to have been destroyed12. the meeting next week is sure to be a great success.a. to take placeb. to be taken placec. to have taken placed. being taken place13. as a result of my laziness

32、, i failed my work in time.a. and finishedb. to finishc. and finishingd. to finished14. i am sorry written you a letter at the time.a. to have notb. tonot havec. notto haved. not having15. will you lend him a magazine .a. to be readb. for readingc. to readd. he read16. he could do nothing but for th

33、e bus .a. wait, to comeb. wait; comec. waiting; comingd. waited; came 17 .it is a problem that doesn't need right now.a. to solveb. solvingc. being solvedd. to be solving18. there s a manthaet reception desk who seems very angry and i think he means trouble.a. makingb. to makec. to have maded. h

34、aving made19. i remember him the bike needed .a. hearing, saying, to repairb. to hear, say,to repairc. hearing, say, repairingd. to hear, saying, to be repaired20. - you should have thanked her before you left.- i meant , but when i was leaving i couldn t find her anywhere.a. to dob. toc. doingd. do

35、ing so21. robert is said to abroad, but i don t know what country he studied in.a. to have studiedb. to studyb. to be studyingd. to have beenstudying22. i m gong to xi an next week. have you anything rteonytso.ur paa. to takeb. to be takenc. to be bought tod. to buy23. when are they in their plan.a.

36、 handb. handedc. to handd. give24. in such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they .a. have survivedb. are to survivec. would survivedd. will survive25. when we hurried to the station, there happened no bus at that time.a. to haveb. to bec. havingd. being26. i lost my way in complet

37、e darkness and, matters worse, it began to rain.a. madeb. having madec. makingd. to make27. at time does the salesgirl get up late in the morning, though she is always too busy a good rest.學習必備歡迎下載a. no, to takeb. no, takingc. any, to taked. one, taking28. -are you a student.-no, but i used .a. to b

38、eb. to wasc. to dod. to be a29. i stopped to listen, and my son seemed himself in the living room.a. to enjoy,to shutb. to be enjoying, shuttingc. to be enjoying, shutd. to have enjoyed, having shut30. with a lot of difficult problems , the newly-elected president is having a hard time.a. settledb.

39、settlingc. to settled. being settled31. we re leaving at six o clock, and hope most of the journey by lunch time.a. to dob. to have donec. to maked. to have made32. the study of the wild world may help to make the world easier .a. understoodb. to be understoodc. to understandd. understand33. who wil

40、l you get the project for us.a. designb. to designc. designedd. designing34. it is said in australia there is more land than the government know .a. it what to do withb. what to do it withc. what to do with itd. to do what with it35. we are not allowed outdoors with some other children.a. playingb.

41、to be playingc. to playd. be playing36. allen had to call a taxi because the box was to carry all the way home.a. much too heavyb. toomuch heavyc. heavy toomuchd. too heavy much37. she feels so strongly that each of us should have a role in making the earth a better place to live in.a. to have playe

42、db. to play38. wheni handed thereporttoc. to be playedjohn, hesaid thatd. to be playinggeorge was theperson .a. to sendb. for sending itc. to send it tod. for sending it to39. do let your mother know all the truth, she appears everything.a. to tellb. to be toldc. to be tellingd. to have been told40.

43、 there are five pairs , but i m at a loss which to buy.a. to be chosenb. to choose fromc. to choosed. for choosing41. the problem is difficult for us .a. so; work outb. very too; to be worked outc. rather too, to work outd. quite too, to work it out42. -where should i my application.-the personnel o

44、ffice is the place .a. send; to send itb. send for; to send it toc. send for; for sending itd. send; to send it to43. i ve worked with children before, so i know w_h_a_t in my new job.a. expectedb. to expectc. expectsd. to be expecting學習必備歡迎下載44. i feel it is your husband who for the spoiled child.a

45、. is to blameb. is going to blamec. is to be blamedd. should blame45. can you imagine the questions i had our teacher.a. askedb. to askc. askingd. ask46. who did you the wall yesterday.a. have paintedb. have paintc. have to paintd. have painting47. -what s the matter with joh.n-he didn t pass the te

46、st but he still .a. hopes sob. hopes toc. hope itd. hope that48. much attention should be paid people s living conditions.a. in improvingb. to improvec. improvingd. to improving49. that evening was due to his ill health.a. he failed to comeb. that he failed to comingc. his failure to comed. his fail

47、ure in coming50. i would love to the party last night but i had to work extra hours to finish a report.a. to gob. to have gonec. goingd. having gone51. my family considers a computer, which is considered a great help in our work and study.a. to buy; to beb. buying; beingc. to buy; beingd. buying; to

48、 be52. with the plane in ten minutes, all the passengerson board wereasked to turn off their mobile phones.a. taken offb. taking offc. to take offd. would take off53. thank you for all the trouble youn v_e ta_k_eme.a. to helpb. with to helpc. in helpingd. of helping54. he is believed the college exa

49、m, for he is now studying very hard now.a. to passb. to have passedc. passd. that he can pass 55.- will you have anybody the flowers.- yes, i ll have the flowers .a. plant, plantedb. to plant, plantedc. plant; to be plantedd. to plant , plant56. they are looking forward with hope from you soon.a. to

50、 hearingb. of hearingc. hearingd. to hear57. busy translating a book, he couldn t help the article.a. writeb. writingc. wroted. written58. zhou lan doesn t have to be made . she always seturydiheasrvd.a. learnb. to learnc. learningd. learned59. this cake, you ll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar, and 175 g f

51、lour.a. having made,b, makec. to maked. making60. i feel it an honour to speak here.a. to be askedb. to askc. having askedd. asked61. he asked me here earlier.a. comeb. to comec. comingd. came學習必備歡迎下載62. please tell him on the wall.a. don t drawb. to not drawc. not to drawd. not draw63. he wanted a

52、cup of tea.a. to haveb. havingc. haved. had64. i d like a word with you.a. hadb. havingc. to haved. have65. i came here my uncle.a. sawb. to seec. seeingd. to be seen66. the man refused （拒絕） back his words.a. to takeb. takingc. tookd. takes67. i can let you one ticket.a. to haveb. havec. havingd. ha

53、d68. we often heard him in his room.a. to singb. singsc. sangd. sing69. he was made day and night.a. workb. workingc. to workd. worked70. he stopped a look, but saw nothing.a. havingb. to havec. haved. had71. my father was too angry a word.a. to sayb. not to sayc. to sayingd. didn t say72. my brother was old enough to school.a. wentb. goesc. goingd. to go73. it is time him supper.a. of, to haveb. for, to havec. of, havingd. for, to has74. it s very kind you me.a. of, to helpb. for, to helpc. of, helpd. of, helping75. it s important our classroom clean every day.a. k