高中英語必修四unit1 grammar-文檔資料

1、.1.2Subject-Verb Agreement 主謂一致是指句子的_與_在_和_上必須保持一致 主謂一致的三個(gè)原則主謂一致的三個(gè)原則: 1. 語法一致 2. 意義一致 3. 就近原則謂語動(dòng)詞謂語動(dòng)詞主語主語人稱人稱數(shù)數(shù).3The boy _ diving.The boys _ diving.isare語法一致語法一致主語為主語為單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，其時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞要謂語動(dòng)詞要與其相呼應(yīng)與其相呼應(yīng)。.41. and1. 兩個(gè)主語表達(dá)不同人、物、概念兩個(gè)主語表達(dá)不同人、物、概念e.g.Time and tide wait for no man. (歲月不饒人)The writer and

2、 the translator are delivering a speech tonight in our school.2. 兩個(gè)主語表達(dá)同一人、同一物、同一概念兩個(gè)主語表達(dá)同一人、同一物、同一概念e.g. The writer and translator is delivering a speech tonight in our school.One more fork and knife is on the table.（一副刀叉）War and peace is often peoples topic.（戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與和平）.51. and3. 并列名詞前有并列名詞前有noand (no)

3、; everyand (every); each and (each)修飾時(shí)，謂語一修飾時(shí)，謂語一般用單數(shù)般用單數(shù)e.g. Every man and (every) woman _ (have) the same rights.has.6語法一致語法一致 2 主語主語+with (together with/ along with), as well as, like, not, but, except, including, rather than, other than, besides, in addition to 結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語與前結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語與前面主語一致面主語一致e.g. I,

4、as well as they, _ (be) ready to help you.The students along with the teacher _ (be) required the meeting.Nobody but Jim and Tom _ (be) on the playground at that time.amarewas.7every one, everybody, everything, anyone, anybody, anything, no one, nobody, nothing, some one, somebody, something (none,n

5、either除外除外)等不定代詞及等不定代詞及each, the other作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)單數(shù)形式。如：形式。如：Nothing in the box is mine.Someone wants to see you.語法一致語法一致 3.8none 和和 neither 作主語時(shí)，謂語可用作主語時(shí)，謂語可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果修飾的是不可單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果修飾的是不可數(shù)名詞只用單數(shù)數(shù)名詞只用單數(shù)e.g. None of us is/ are perfect.(人無完人)None of the information has been received.語法

6、一致語法一致 3.9more than one; many a修飾名詞，復(fù)數(shù)修飾名詞，復(fù)數(shù)含義，但是謂語用單數(shù)含義，但是謂語用單數(shù)e.g. Many a student _ (be) in the classroom.More than one mother _ (receive) the flowers.is語法一致語法一致 4receives.10不定式（短語），動(dòng)名詞（短語），從不定式（短語），動(dòng)名詞（短語），從句作主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)句作主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù) e.g. To read English aloud every morning _ (do) you a lot of good.

7、Serving the people _ (be) my great happiness. When and where we will have a picnic _ _ (be not) decided yet.語法一致語法一致 5doesishas not been.11*當(dāng)當(dāng)what引導(dǎo)的句子做主語，若后面是引導(dǎo)的句子做主語，若后面是 “be +名詞名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，謂語隨名詞變化的結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，謂語隨名詞變化。e.g. What you need are these dictionaries.語法一致語法一致 5.12由由kind（form，type，sort，species，portion

8、，series）of 等修飾的主語，謂語由等修飾的主語，謂語由這些詞決定這些詞決定e.g. This kind of apples _ (sell) well.A series of plays _ (be) to be on show next week.語法一致語法一致 6sellsis.13a (large/ small/ vast)quantity of a (large/ small/ vast)quantity of 或Large quantities of 謂語由quantity的形式?jīng)Q定e.g. A large quantity of oil was put into the

9、soup.A large quantity of apples was in the basket.Large quantities of oil were put into the soup. Large quantities of apples were in the basket.語法一致語法一致 7.14trousers, pants(褲子褲子), shoes, glasses, gloves, stockings, scissors(剪刀剪刀)等詞作主等詞作主語時(shí)謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果名詞前有語時(shí)謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果名詞前有 a (the) pair of等量詞修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)等量詞

10、修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)e.g. My glasses are broken.The scissors are sharp.The pair of shoes under the bed is mine.語法一致語法一致 8.15謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于取決于主語所表達(dá)的概念主語所表達(dá)的概念，而不，而不取決于表面的語法標(biāo)志取決于表面的語法標(biāo)志意義一致意義一致.16集合名詞集合名詞(family,team group,crowd public,government,band, company.)若強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)若強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)若強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，謂語動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)若強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體

11、，謂語動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)e.g. The group is (be) made up of nine students.The group are (be ) dancing happily. 意義一致意義一致 1.17 單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞deer, sheep, fish, series系列系列, species物種物種, means手段手段, works工廠工廠, aircraft飛行器飛行器做主語做主語時(shí)，視時(shí)，視其表達(dá)的意義而判斷謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。其表達(dá)的意義而判斷謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。 e.g.A new means has been used .Many means have

12、not come into effect.意義一致意義一致 2.18physics, politics, mathematics等一些以等一些以“-ics”結(jié)尾的詞，指結(jié)尾的詞，指學(xué)科學(xué)科時(shí)屬單數(shù)，謂語時(shí)屬單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)單數(shù)。Physics is not difficult to learn.Mathematics is a subject studied in nearly every school. 注：若指注：若指某學(xué)科能力，成績，應(yīng)用等或非某學(xué)科能力，成績，應(yīng)用等或非學(xué)科含義學(xué)科含義時(shí)被看作復(fù)數(shù)，謂語常用時(shí)被看作復(fù)數(shù)，謂語常用復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)。 What are your poli

13、tics? 政治信仰/見解意義一致意義一致 3.19意義一致意義一致 4主語是疑問代詞主語是疑問代詞who, what, which,不定代詞不定代詞some, all, more, most, any, none等以及名詞等以及名詞half, part, the rest等既可表示復(fù)數(shù)意義又可等既可表示復(fù)數(shù)意義又可表示單數(shù)意義，其謂語視它們所代指的名詞表示單數(shù)意義，其謂語視它們所代指的名詞而定。而定。 Eg:Which is more valuable, health or wealth?Which are prettier, these or those?We had some paper

14、, and the rest was put back.20意義一致意義一致 4.21意義一致意義一致 5the number of（.的數(shù)量）的數(shù)量）, the variety of(種類種類)用單數(shù)謂語，用單數(shù)謂語， a number of（許多，大量）（許多，大量）, a variety of（各種各（各種各樣的樣的.)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語用復(fù)數(shù)謂語1. The number of traffic accidents _ (have) increased.2. A number of children _ (like) this song.3. There are a variety of toy

15、s on sale in that shop.4. The variety of goods on sale in that shop is surprising.haslike.22意義一致意義一致 6.23意義一致意義一致 6表示時(shí)間，金錢，距離，重量等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作表示時(shí)間，金錢，距離，重量等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，被主語時(shí)，被看作整體看作整體時(shí)謂語用時(shí)謂語用單數(shù)單數(shù)Sixty years is a long time.Ten dollars is enough for him.Three thousand miles is a long distance.Fifty kilograms is n

16、ot too long to be carried.*如如強(qiáng)調(diào)具體數(shù)目強(qiáng)調(diào)具體數(shù)目，則用，則用復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)。One hundred cents make a dollar.More than fifty years have passed since they got married.24The new is sure to replace the old. “the + 形容詞形容詞/分詞分詞” 表示一類人，謂語用表示一類人，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù), eg. the dead, the living, the rich, the poor, the disabled, the sick The sick

17、 have been cured and the lost have been found. 但如果指但如果指事物或抽象概念事物或抽象概念時(shí)時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)單數(shù).意義一致意義一致 7.25 Neither the students nor the teacher _ (know) what happened. There _ (be) an apple, two bananas, five oranges in the basket.就近原則就近原則指謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于離它指謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于離它最最近的詞語近的詞語，而無須考慮其他的詞，而無須考慮其他的詞knowsis.26就

18、近原則就近原則 1.27就近原則 2.281. You or he _ to blame. 你或他有一人要受責(zé)備。你或他有一人要受責(zé)備。2. _ you or he to blame? 受責(zé)備的是你還是他？受責(zé)備的是你還是他？ Ais，Is Bare，Are Cis，Are D are，Is答案：C，就近一致.29 We Chinese _ a hard-working people Ais Bare Cis being Dare being 此題應(yīng)選此題應(yīng)選 。主謂一致（即謂語與主語保。主謂一致（即謂語與主語保持一致），而不是表謂一致（即不是謂語持一致），而不是表謂一致（即不是謂語與表語一致

19、），本題意為：我們中國人是與表語一致），本題意為：我們中國人是一個(gè)勤勞的一個(gè)勤勞的民族民族。.30The teacher with two students _ at the meeting . (was / were)2. A woman with a baby in her arms _ waiting for the bus in the rain. Awas Bwere Chas Dhave3. E-mail, as well as the telephones, _ an important part in daily communication. A. is playing B.

20、have played C. are playing D. playwasAAExercise and Rules.31Exercise and Rules3. Reading English papers and magazines _helpful to our study of English. (is/ are)4. Whether he comes or not _ of no matter. (is /are)5. To say _ one thing; to do _another. (is/are)6. Listening, speaking, reading and writ

21、ing _four skills for English study. (is/are)7. Where to find the plant and what to do with it _still the problems to settle. . (is/are) isisisisareare.32Exercise and Rules8.Many a boy _ made such a funny experiment. A. have B. are C. has D. is 9.Every means _ been tried since then. A. has B. were C. was D. has been10.Each actor and (each) actress_ invited to our school. (is /are) 11.Every boy and (every) girl _ got a toy train. (has/have) 12.No teacher an