畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)外文參考資料及譯文-現(xiàn)澆鋼筋混凝土箱梁的質(zhì)量控制

1、.畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)（論 文）外 文 參 考 資 料 及 譯 文譯文題目： 現(xiàn)澆鋼筋混凝土箱梁的質(zhì)量控制 學(xué)生姓名： 賈一凡 學(xué)號(hào)： 0706110339 專(zhuān)業(yè)： 土 木 工 程 所在學(xué)院： 建 筑 工 程 學(xué) 院 指導(dǎo)教師： 杜楊 職稱(chēng) ： 講師 2011年 2 月 21 日Reinforced Concrete Quality Control Box 1, stent design and layout1.1 Ground handlin 30m width of the box within the soft bottom of all the excavation sites, the u

2、se of stone content of 60% or more of the sand and gravel (on rocks) replacement, cleaning up the hillside section of the hard rock surface, and set the cross slope, slope control in 3% range, to facilitate and remove rainwater.If the longitudinal slope is too large, way to set the stage for easy pa

3、d support pedestal formation. Upper reaches of the drainage ditch near the sidewalk excavation, lowering the water level elevation, in order to prevent rainwater and other water flows into the stent area, causing stent sink.1.2 bracket arrangement1.2.1 Scaffold Specifications Frame by frame button s

4、teel bowl, pole mainly 3.0m, 2.4m, 1.8m3 species, a long pole then staggered arrangement, plunger length 1.5m, 1.2m, 0.9m, bar with 0.9m, 0.6mtwo components, top and bottom with adjustable prop support care.1.2.2 support arrangement Box under the pole vertical distance 0.6m, horizontal distance 0.9m

5、, horizontal and vertical bar step 0.6m, and set the scissors truss reinforcement. Stent Xiadian 15 × 15cm sleepers, pole adjustable pedestal support base located in the sleeper, the pole on the set adjusted backwater, backwater above the laying of 15 × 15cm square wooden horizontal, verti

6、cal laying of 10 × 10cm square of wood. Stand for the shape of Bowl bracket, first determine the initial installation, the installation location, and according to the starting height of the ground level to determine pole placement Sleepers, the use of adjustable elevation of the leveling will b

7、e the end of care, to avoid local grievances led to uneven vacant or under Poleuneven, the installation can be installed to take the first measurement of the ground segment elevation, according to the measured data to calculate the pole bottom level, first with the adjustable bottom bracket standard

8、 will be four corner pole hang after installation of high-profile flat other end of care, aftervertical mounting rails.Notes 1.2.3 stand arrangement (1) When the pole is greater than 60cm height difference between the base, then the pole can be used to adjust the wrong section. (2) take a long pole

9、in the joints should be staggered, the first layer of 2.4m and 3.0m with long pole in the pole staggered arrangement, and both up the pole with 3.0m, 1.5m and 0.9 to the top and thenm length of the mandrel two leveling. (3) the degree of vertical pole should be strictly controlled: 15m shelf press t

10、he following 1 / 200 control, and the full height of the vertical deviation should be less than 10cm. (4) scaffolding assembled to 3 to 5 storeys, the horizontal bar with a theodolite check the verticality of the degree and the pole.In case of no load pole-by-check for loose or empty floating base,

11、and to tighten the adjustable seat and promptly adjust the pad Sheet implemented. (5) braced grid should adapt with the size of the shelf.Diagonal brace for the pull bar, layout direction can be arbitrary.Under normal circumstances bracing should be connected to the node with the scaffolding, but al

12、so the wrong section layout. (6) diagonal brace layout density, when the scaffold height of less than 20m, in order to frame the whole area of 1 / 2 to 1 / 4, diagonal brace must be symmetrically arranged, and should be evenly distributed.Diagonal brace for strengthening the overall scaffold stiffne

13、ss and load capacity in it should not be arbitrarily removed.1.3 support After laying support, the need for pre-press, to test the strength and foundation support and stability, to eliminate the plastic deformation of the entire frame, eliminating the foundation of the settlement, the elastic deform

14、ation measured stent. Pre-press materials woven bags of sand or water tanks, pre-stent pressure, pre-press load for the beam weight of 120%. Stent assembly according to the design when the vertical and horizontal distance from the pole arrangement, the top bracket by backwater leveling, the laying o

15、fhorizontal and vertical square wooden board, installing water tanks, or bags of sand used cranes dipping pre-stent pressure. In the center of each segment, lateral left and right side cloth 3 points for observation in the pre-pressure die before the end of the elevation of observations 1, in the pr

16、ocess of preloading every 2h observation 1, observation date to the settlement and stability,unloading after the pre-load pressure on the Elevation of the end of observation 1, observation from the above data to calculate the elastic deformation and foundation support the sink. Preloading accurate m

17、easurement of the process can be measured under the load support beam section will have a value of elastic deformation and ground subsidence, this elastic deformation, ground subsidence and construction of control because of other factors need to put forwardcamber settings overlay, calculated constr

18、uction camber should be used, according to the calculated camber adjustment Elevation of the bottom.Also note the outside of the stent at 2m temporary protective facilities to prevent water and rain water into the stent area, causing stent sink.Preloading completed, remove the tank or adjust the pol

19、e height of sand bags.1.4 Construction of pre-camber In determining the camber should consider the following factors: the box itself and after unloading planes live load vertical deflection produced by half; stent in the elastic compression loads; bracket under load of non-elastic deformation, the b

20、racket baseloads of non-elastic subsidence; temperature changes caused by the deflection; caused by the concrete creep and creep deflection. According to the deflection and deformation of the stent camber calculated from the sum, as the highest camber, set in the mid-point of the beam span.Other poi

21、nts of camber to the midpoint of the highest value to both ends of the beam elastic deformation of the Ministry for the stent, according to the distribution of quadratic parabola.Calculated from the box under the bottom elevation of the box after preloading to re-adjust the Elevation of the bottom.

22、2, template fabrication and installation2.1 templates to create and install (1) the end of the template used chunk of plywood, shop at the top of longitudinal frame of wood, the wood and plywood with a nail fixed, transfer mode, complete the unloading mode with adjustable backwater. (2) outside the

23、template within 5cm Heavy plate after polishing paste = 12mm 15mm bamboo, vertical spacing of 90cm set square wooden support rib, lateral distance of 50cm set channel support ribs.Stand outside the direct distribution of the beam mode, when assembled within the outer after the template on the pull w

24、ith the screw on the pull-18. (3) The combination of steel used within the model, the local size change using wooden mold, the template is mainly used for pulling the fastening screw, and connected with the scaffold.Roof used in the steel box girder formwork support, direct support in the bottom bra

25、cket. (4) Plug the template due to perforation of reinforced and prestressed in the template using plywood digging holes, dug by cutting section size, perforation of reinforced and prestressed pipe must be precisely positioning the cutting.2.2 Template Installation Notes (1) Production of a template

26、 before the first familiar with the parts drawing and template processing maps, engineering structure or component to verify the detail size, complex structure should be like by zooming in order to proper preparation, processing and map production of the approved template, inspected and acceptedbefo

27、re use. (2) template to seal the joints, where the gap, the use of 107 plastic plug close to plasma leakage. (3) the arrangement of the bolt hole should be vertical and horizontal symmetry, a certain degree of regularity and decoration in good condition. (4) connecting seam tape adhesive template, t

28、emplates, bent pitched complete acceptance of the invitation after the Commissioner of the next process. 3, steel processing and installation First test of reinforcing bars, meet the requirements for steel processing, welding the reinforced using double-sided welding, welding length of not less than

29、 5d, smaller internal forces at the joint set, and staggered layout, welding joint area of not more than 50%.Based on the design drawings, will be reinforced in the next cutting plant material transported to the scene after the banding. Roof, floor, there are a large number of embedded web bellows,

30、in order not to damage the bellows, welded bellows embedded all before, try not to weld pipe after installation, when the general location of steel bars and corrugated pipe into conflict whenMobile reinforcing bars, the appropriate and accurate positioning steel mesh installed to ensure accurate loc

31、ation of pipelines. Steel banding ago by surveyors retest the template location and elevation plane, which includes elevation calculated by the deflection of the hanger of the camber set, correct the rear of the steel banding. To enable accurate data protection layer, protective layer pads are not c

32、rushed, by setting plastic box pad pad construction. 4, bellows processing installation Position as shown in the drawings according to design layout bellows, and with the positioning ribs fixed, placed after the pipe must be smooth, non-chine. Length of all pipe joints 5d prevail, the use of corruga

33、ted pipe larger size socket to tighten the symmetry, and good joints wrapped with adhesive tape to prevent concrete slurry mixed with fine, when the pipeline location and conflict with non-prestressed reinforcement to takepipeline-based principles, the appropriate location of the mobile reinforcemen

34、t to ensure that the correct pipe. Bellows the end of the embedded anchor plate should be perpendicular to the channel center line, and does not produce displacement during the concrete pouring.Bellows is installed, it will cover its end to prevent water or other debris to enter. Construction worker

35、s, mechanics, pipe vibrator can not crash. Before pouring concrete pipe carefully examined whether there are major holes in the pipe inspection, the joint is connected firmly, sealing, pipeline location is biased, strict check is correct, the method used air compressor ventilation pipe debris remova

36、l to ensure the smooth pipe. 5, Tongjiao Notes and health Used concrete pump concrete pumping, pouring time, first floor, after the web, and then the roof, symmetrical structure for each T, hierarchical placement, each 30cm, pouring from the front to the back end, the initial setting of the first la

37、yer of concretesub-layer before the completion of concrete placement, to ensure that no cold joints between layers, concrete vibrator vibrator in strict accordance with the role of scope, to prevent leakage pound, pound, and due to excessive vibration, when the prestressed pipe-intensive, gap hours,

38、 with a smalldiameter of 30 types of plug-in vibrators, vibrator in the steel must not drag on the flat, non-collision prestressed, template, reinforced; concrete vibrator for the first time after wiping flat surface, concrete roof should be a second hand side,the second hand side should be conducte

39、d before the initial setting of concrete, causing surface water to prevent the early dry, concrete pouring has been completed, covering wet sacks or straw bags for conservation. 6, tension and duct grouting6.1 La (1) Preparation of box pouring a sufficient quantity of test block with the conditions

40、of health.Prestressing health conditions must be in the same strength of test block after 100% of design strength. (2) has a qualified team of prestressing operations to tension, tension before the tension response and the hydraulic jack used in precision control of the check table, calibration, and

41、 stretching equipment to uniform numbers.Sampling done on the strand and anchorage test. (3) before the clear face tension, pressure plates and steel beams twisted around the mortar, sampling tests according to relevant regulatory requirements on behalf of the actual channel friction parameters.Anch

42、or fixture installation and check for compliance. (4) of the construction personnel are familiar with the technical training and equipment, operator certificates.Prestressing stress and tension by measuring elongation dual control method operation. (5) procedures for the prestressing: Install anchor

43、s and tensioning jack initial stress to initial control measure 15% con initial tensile elongation value to 100% con (holding charge 2min) content test and record the elongation value compared with the measured value is calculated Tensile elongation return oil from the anchor, jack Check out slide w

44、ire.The average tensile force calculation formula: Pp = P 1-e-(u + kx) / (kx + u)Theoretical value of elongation formula: L = Pp × L / (Ag × Eg) Tension during the measurement of each value by the person responsible, serious record, a reasonable calculation of the actual elongation value,

45、the actual elongation value addition to measure, it should be coupled with the projected value when the initial stress:L0 = 0.15kL / (Ag × Eg) Accurate calculation of each of the theoretical value of elongation of steel beams, carefully measure the actual elongation value of each beam.Prestress

46、ing stress and strain used double control, tension control that is standard under the premise of the stress, the actual elongation of steel beams were checked.Elongation values measured when the initial stress and the projected value and the theoretical value of elongation of the relative error of n

47、o more than ± 6%, if more than ± 6% to stop the tension, analyze the causes and take timely measures.6.2 Duct Grouting (1) grouting sequence.In principle, from one end to the other end of the grouting, when the pipeline when more than 35m, set the links in the pipeline, from one end to the

48、 three links grouting a slurry, and then from the links to the other end of the grouting, grouting in cycles. (2) Preparation before grouting.Air compressor blowing water pipelines; check the grouting materials used are complete enough; inspection equipment, tools are installed for good performance;

49、 check stand is solid, the effectiveness of safety facilities. (3) Grouting.Label according to the design requirements of laboratory prepared slurry, water slurry should adopt the ordinary portland cement, water-cement ratio of 0.4 to 0.45 between the control, consistency control of slurry between t

50、he 14s 18s.Grouting cement slurry mixing machine in the bucket for mixing the mortar, add water to the mixing machine first, and then into the cement, after mixing then add the full expansion agent, expansive agent dosage control in strict accordance with the ratio test,the total amount of cement ge

51、nerally do not exceed 0.01%. slurry ratio of 24h control the bleeding rate within 3%, less than 10% expansion rate control. Good mixing into the slurry from the mixing machine piston injection pump, the grouting from the box into one end, until the overflow from the vent hole until the consistency o

52、f a uniform slurry, grouting pipe valve closed until the slurry solidification,grouting pressure shall be controlled at 0.5MPa 0.7MPa. slurry from the mixing to the duration of pressure into the pore to control at 30min 45min range. Test in the whole grouting process must stand beside the record, an

53、d not less than 5 specimens from each working group classes 7.07 × 7.07 × 7.07cm slurry specimen, standard curing for 28 days to check the quality of its compressive strength as a slurryassessment basis.6.3 Anchor Anchor ring by cutting wheel machine outside the extra strand, and continue

54、to sprinkle water to prevent heat transfer.Capping and cover casting concrete beams with the label, use is strictly prohibited in the casting process vibrated vibrated rods, tamping artificial smooth.Sprinkler after the final setting time of concrete curing, curing time of not less than 7 days.現(xiàn)澆鋼筋混

55、凝土箱梁的質(zhì)量控制1、支架設(shè)計(jì)及布設(shè)1.1地基處理將箱梁下方30m寬度范圍內(nèi)松軟地段全部挖除，采用含石量在60%以上的砂礫石（開(kāi)山石）換填，山坡地段清理出堅(jiān)硬的巖面，并設(shè)置橫坡，坡度控制在3%范圍內(nèi)，便于及時(shí)排除雨水。如縱向坡度過(guò)大，采取設(shè)置臺(tái)階方式，便于底托支墊平整。上游靠近便道開(kāi)挖水溝排水，降低水位標(biāo)高，以防止雨水和其他水流入支架區(qū)，引起支架下沉。1.2支架布置1.2.1支架材料規(guī)格支架采用碗扣式鋼管架，立桿主要采用3.0m、2.4m、1.8m3種，立桿接長(zhǎng)錯(cuò)開(kāi)布置，頂桿長(zhǎng)度為1.5m、1.2m、0.9m，橫桿采用0.9m、0.6m兩種組成，頂?shù)淄胁捎每烧{(diào)托撐。1.2.2支架布置箱梁下立桿

56、縱距0.6m，橫距0.9m，橫向及縱向橫桿步距0.6m，并設(shè)置剪刀斜撐加固。支架下墊15×15cm枕木，立桿底設(shè)可調(diào)底托支于枕木上，立桿上設(shè)可調(diào)頂托，頂托上方鋪設(shè)15×15cm橫向方木，縱向鋪設(shè)10×10cm方木。碗扣支架為定型支架，安裝時(shí)先確定起始安裝位置，并根據(jù)地面標(biāo)高確定立桿起始高度安放枕木，利用可調(diào)底托將標(biāo)高調(diào)平，避免局部不平導(dǎo)致立桿不平懸空或受力不均，安裝可采取先測(cè)量所安裝節(jié)段地面標(biāo)高，根據(jù)所測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算出立桿底面標(biāo)高，先用可調(diào)底托將4個(gè)角標(biāo)立桿高調(diào)平后掛線安裝其他底托，后安裝立桿。1.2.3支架布設(shè)注意事項(xiàng) （1）當(dāng)立桿基底間的高差大于60cm時(shí)，則可用

57、立桿錯(cuò)節(jié)來(lái)調(diào)整。 （2）立桿的接長(zhǎng)縫應(yīng)錯(cuò)開(kāi)，即第一層立桿應(yīng)用長(zhǎng)2.4m和3.0m的立桿錯(cuò)開(kāi)布置，往上則均采用3.0m的立桿，至頂層再用1.5m和0.9m兩種長(zhǎng)度的頂桿找平。 （3）立桿的垂直度應(yīng)嚴(yán)格加以控制：15m以下架子按1/200控制，且全高的垂直偏差應(yīng)不大于10cm。 （4）腳手架拼裝到35層高時(shí)，用經(jīng)緯儀檢查橫桿的水平度和立桿的垂直度。在無(wú)荷載情況下逐個(gè)檢查立桿底座有無(wú)松動(dòng)或空浮情況，并及時(shí)旋緊可調(diào)座和薄鋼板調(diào)整墊實(shí)。 （5）斜撐的網(wǎng)格應(yīng)與架子的尺寸相適應(yīng)。斜撐桿為拉壓桿，布置方向可任意。一般情況下斜撐應(yīng)盡量與腳手架的節(jié)點(diǎn)相連，但亦可以錯(cuò)節(jié)布置。 （6）斜撐桿的布置密度，當(dāng)腳手架高度低于20m時(shí)，為整架面積的1/21/4，斜撐桿必須對(duì)稱(chēng)布置，且應(yīng)分布均勻。斜撐桿對(duì)于加強(qiáng)腳手架的整體剛度和承載能力的關(guān)系很大，不應(yīng)隨意拆除。1.3支架預(yù)壓支架鋪設(shè)完畢后，需進(jìn)行預(yù)壓，以檢驗(yàn)支架及地基的強(qiáng)度及穩(wěn)定性，消除整個(gè)支架的塑性變形，消除地基的沉降變形，測(cè)量出支架的彈性變形。預(yù)壓材料用編織袋裝砂或水箱對(duì)支架進(jìn)行預(yù)壓