中國(guó)保險(xiǎn)公司賬戶(英漢互譯)

1、中國(guó)保險(xiǎn)公司帳戶目前，我國(guó)保險(xiǎn)公司為客戶提供的服務(wù)賬戶主要有人壽保險(xiǎn)、財(cái)產(chǎn)保險(xiǎn)、養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)、資產(chǎn)管理、海外保險(xiǎn)、另類投資及科研教育這幾個(gè)方面。我國(guó)開辦的保險(xiǎn)險(xiǎn)種有300多種，本文主要從保險(xiǎn)劃分的角度來介紹一下保險(xiǎn)行業(yè)的主要產(chǎn)品。保險(xiǎn)從大的方面來說分為社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)和商業(yè)保險(xiǎn)。對(duì)于社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)又包括了養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)、醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)、失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)、工傷保險(xiǎn)和生育保險(xiǎn)。而對(duì)于商業(yè)保險(xiǎn)，我國(guó)的分類方法是分成財(cái)產(chǎn)保險(xiǎn)和人身保險(xiǎn)（而在國(guó)外又一般分成壽險(xiǎn)和非壽險(xiǎn)）；財(cái)產(chǎn)保險(xiǎn)又分為財(cái)產(chǎn)損失險(xiǎn)、責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)、信用保證保險(xiǎn)三大類。（一)非人身保險(xiǎn) 1.財(cái)產(chǎn)險(xiǎn) 指保險(xiǎn)人承保因火災(zāi)和其他自然災(zāi)害及意外事故引起的直接經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。險(xiǎn)種

2、主要有企業(yè)財(cái)產(chǎn)保險(xiǎn)、家庭財(cái)產(chǎn)保險(xiǎn)、家庭財(cái)產(chǎn)兩全保險(xiǎn)（指只以所交費(fèi)用的利息作保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)，保險(xiǎn)期滿退還全部本金的險(xiǎn)種）、涉外財(cái)產(chǎn)保險(xiǎn)、其他保險(xiǎn)公司認(rèn)為適合開設(shè)的財(cái)產(chǎn)險(xiǎn)種。    2.貨物運(yùn)輸保險(xiǎn) 指保險(xiǎn)人承保貨物運(yùn)輸過程中自然災(zāi)害和意外事故引起的財(cái)產(chǎn)損失。險(xiǎn)種主要有國(guó)內(nèi)貨物運(yùn)輸保險(xiǎn)、國(guó)內(nèi)航空運(yùn)輸保險(xiǎn)、涉外（海、陸、空）貨物運(yùn)輸保險(xiǎn)、郵包保險(xiǎn)、各種附加險(xiǎn)和特約保險(xiǎn)。3.運(yùn)輸工具保險(xiǎn) 指保險(xiǎn)人承保運(yùn)輸工具因遭受自然災(zāi)害和意外事故造成運(yùn)輸工具本身的損失和第三者責(zé)任。險(xiǎn)種主要有汽車、機(jī)動(dòng)車輛保險(xiǎn)、船舶保險(xiǎn)、飛機(jī)保險(xiǎn)、其他運(yùn)輸工具保險(xiǎn)。4.農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)&#

3、160;指保險(xiǎn)人承保種植業(yè)、養(yǎng)殖業(yè)、飼養(yǎng)業(yè)、捕撈業(yè)在生產(chǎn)過程中因自然災(zāi)害或意外事故而造成的損失。     5.工程保險(xiǎn)指保險(xiǎn)人承保中外合資企業(yè)、引進(jìn)技術(shù)項(xiàng)目及與外貿(mào)有關(guān)的各專業(yè)工程的綜合性危險(xiǎn)所致?lián)p失，以及國(guó)內(nèi)建筑和安裝工程項(xiàng)目，險(xiǎn)種主要有建筑工程一切險(xiǎn)、安裝工程一切險(xiǎn)、機(jī)器損害保險(xiǎn)、國(guó)內(nèi)建筑、安裝工程保險(xiǎn)、船舶建造險(xiǎn)、以及保險(xiǎn)公司承保的其他工業(yè)險(xiǎn)。6.責(zé)任保險(xiǎn) 指保險(xiǎn)人承保被保險(xiǎn)人的民事?lián)p害賠償責(zé)任的險(xiǎn)種，主要有公眾責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)、第三者責(zé)任險(xiǎn)、產(chǎn)品責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)、雇主責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)、職業(yè)責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)等險(xiǎn)種。 7.保證保險(xiǎn) 指保險(xiǎn)人承

4、保的信用保險(xiǎn)，被保證人根據(jù)權(quán)利人的要求投保自己信用的保險(xiǎn)是保證保險(xiǎn)；權(quán)利人要求被保證人信用的保險(xiǎn)是信用保險(xiǎn)。包括合同保證保險(xiǎn)、忠實(shí)保證保險(xiǎn)、產(chǎn)品保證保險(xiǎn)、商業(yè)信用保證保險(xiǎn)、出口信用保險(xiǎn)、投資（政治風(fēng)險(xiǎn)）保險(xiǎn)。     （二）人身保險(xiǎn)      1.按保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任分類      按照保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任的不同，人身保險(xiǎn)可以分為人壽保險(xiǎn)、人身意外傷害保險(xiǎn)和健康保險(xiǎn)。A.人壽保險(xiǎn) 人壽即人的壽命，人壽保險(xiǎn)是以被保險(xiǎn)人的生命為保險(xiǎn)際的，以被保險(xiǎn)人生存或死亡為保

5、險(xiǎn)事故的人身保險(xiǎn)。在實(shí)務(wù)中，人們習(xí)慣把人壽保險(xiǎn)分為定期壽險(xiǎn)、終身壽險(xiǎn)、兩全保險(xiǎn)和年金保險(xiǎn)。人壽保險(xiǎn)是人身保險(xiǎn)中最重要的部分。B.人身意外傷害保險(xiǎn) 人身意外傷害保險(xiǎn)簡(jiǎn)稱意外傷害保險(xiǎn)。意外傷害是指在人們沒有預(yù)見到或違背被保險(xiǎn)人意愿的情況下，突然發(fā)生的外來致害物對(duì)被保險(xiǎn)人身體明顯、劇烈地侵害的客觀事實(shí)。意外傷害保險(xiǎn)是以被保險(xiǎn)人因遭受意外傷害事故造成的死亡或傷殘為保險(xiǎn)事故的人身保險(xiǎn)。在全部人身保險(xiǎn)業(yè)務(wù)中，意外傷害保險(xiǎn)所占比重不大，但由于保費(fèi)相對(duì)低廉，只需支付少量保費(fèi)就可獲得高保障，投保簡(jiǎn)便，無需體檢，所以承保人次較多，如旅行意外傷害保險(xiǎn)、航空意外傷害保險(xiǎn)等。C.健康保險(xiǎn) 健康保險(xiǎn)是

6、以被保險(xiǎn)人的身體為保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的，保證被保險(xiǎn)人在疾病或意外事故所致傷害時(shí)的費(fèi)用或損失獲得補(bǔ)償?shù)囊环N人身保險(xiǎn)，包括重大疾病保險(xiǎn)、住院醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)、手術(shù)保險(xiǎn)、意外傷害醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)、收入損失保險(xiǎn)等。2.按保險(xiǎn)期間分類 按照保險(xiǎn)期間分類，人身保險(xiǎn)可分為保險(xiǎn)期間1年以上的長(zhǎng)期業(yè)務(wù)和保險(xiǎn)期間1年以下（含1年）的短期業(yè)務(wù)。其中，人壽保險(xiǎn)中大多數(shù)業(yè)務(wù)為長(zhǎng)期業(yè)務(wù)，如終身保險(xiǎn)、兩全保險(xiǎn)、年金保險(xiǎn)等，其保險(xiǎn)期間長(zhǎng)達(dá)十幾年、幾十年，甚至終身，同時(shí)，這類保險(xiǎn)儲(chǔ)蓄性也較強(qiáng)；而人身保險(xiǎn)中的意外傷害保險(xiǎn)和健康保險(xiǎn)及人壽保險(xiǎn)中的定期保險(xiǎn)大多為短期業(yè)務(wù)，其保險(xiǎn)期間為1年或幾個(gè)月，同時(shí)，這類業(yè)務(wù)儲(chǔ)蓄性較低，保單的現(xiàn)金價(jià)值較小。3.按承

7、保方式分類 按照承保方式分類，人身保險(xiǎn)可分為團(tuán)體保險(xiǎn)和個(gè)人保險(xiǎn)。團(tuán)體保險(xiǎn)是指一張保單為某一單位的所有員工或其中的大多數(shù)員工（中國(guó)保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)督管理委員會(huì)規(guī)定至少75%以上的員工，且絕對(duì)人數(shù)不少于8人）提供保險(xiǎn)保障的保險(xiǎn)。團(tuán)體保險(xiǎn)又可分為團(tuán)體人壽保險(xiǎn)、團(tuán)體年金保險(xiǎn)、團(tuán)體健康保險(xiǎn)等。個(gè)人保險(xiǎn)是指一張保險(xiǎn)單中只為一個(gè)人或一個(gè)家庭提供保障的保險(xiǎn)。 4.按是否分紅分類 按是否分紅分類，人壽保險(xiǎn)可以分為分紅保險(xiǎn)和不分紅保險(xiǎn)。分紅保險(xiǎn)是指保險(xiǎn)公司將其實(shí)際經(jīng)營(yíng)成果優(yōu)于保守定價(jià)假設(shè)的盈余，按一定比例向保單持有人分配的人壽保險(xiǎn)。這種保單最初設(shè)計(jì)僅限于相互保險(xiǎn)公司簽發(fā)，但現(xiàn)在股份制保險(xiǎn)公司也

8、可采用。一般來說，在分紅保險(xiǎn)保費(fèi)計(jì)算中，預(yù)定利率、預(yù)定死亡率及預(yù)定費(fèi)用率的假設(shè)較為保守，均附加了較大的安全系數(shù)，因而保費(fèi)相對(duì)較高，公司理應(yīng)將其實(shí)際經(jīng)濟(jì)成果優(yōu)于保守假設(shè)的盈余以紅利的方式返還一部分給保單持有人。而在不分紅保單中，所附安全系數(shù)較小，因?yàn)檫@種保單的成本結(jié)余不能事后退還保單持有人；同時(shí)為業(yè)務(wù)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的需要，保險(xiǎn)的計(jì)算必須反映提供保險(xiǎn)的實(shí)際成本。因此，不分紅保險(xiǎn)的正常利潤(rùn)，僅以紅利分配給股東或提存準(zhǔn)備金。 Chinese insurance companies accountsChina's insurance companies to provide customers

9、with service account principal life insurance, property insurance, endowment insurance, asset management, insurance, alternative investments and overseas scientific research and education in these areas. My insurance is offered by the more than 300 kinds of paper from the Insurance Division to intro

10、duce the insurance industry in terms of the main product. Insurance from a bigger perspective into social security and commercial insurance. For social insurance includes old-age insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance, industrial injury insurance and maternity insurance. As for commerc

11、ial insurance, our classifications are divided between property insurance and life insurance (and abroad are generally classified into life and non-life insurance); property is made up of property insurance, liability insurance, credit insurance for three broad categories. (A) non-life insurance 1.

12、property insurance underwriting refers to the insurer because of fires and other natural disasters and accidents caused direct economic losses.Main business property insurance, household insurance and property insurance, endowment insurance of family property (refers only to the cost of interest on

13、the premium refund the full principal amount of the insurance the insurance expires), foreign property and casualty insurance, other insurance company sees fit to offer property insurance. 2. cargo insurance refers to the insurer to cover the goods during transportation of property damage caused by

14、natural disasters and accidents. Coverage mainly in domestic cargo transportation insurance, domestic air transport insurance, foreign (air, sea and land) cargo transportation insurance, parcel insurance, additional insurance and contractual insurance. 3. means of transport insurance means the insur

15、er underwriting tools carriage due to natural disasters and accidents resulting in loss of transport itself and third party liability. Insurance are mainly cars, motor vehicle insurance, marine insurance, aircraft insurance, by other means of transport insurance. 4. agricultural insurance refers to

16、the insurer for crop cultivation, aquiculture, husbandry and fishing industry during the process of production losses caused by natural disasters or accidents. 5. Engineering insurance underwriting refers to the insurer related to foreign trade and Sino-foreign joint ventures, technology projects an

17、d loss of professional engineering of integrated risk and domestic construction and installation projects, main contractors all risks insurance, erection all risks insurance, domestic construction, machine damage, install engineering insurance, marine insurance, as well as other industrial risks ins

18、urance. 6. liability insurance underwriting refers to the insurer to the insured's civil liability insurance, including public liability insurance, third party liability insurance, product liability insurance, employers liability insurance, professional liability insurance coverage. 7. guarantee

19、 insurance underwriting refers to the insurer's credit insurance guarantor credit insurance cover according to the request of the right holder are guaranteed insurance owner asked to be guarantors of credit insurance, credit insurance.Including contract guarantee insurance, fidelity guarantee in

20、surance, guarantee insurance, credit insurance, export credit insurance, investment (political risks) insurance. (B) life insurance 1. According to different classification in accordance with insurance liability insurance, life insurance includes life insurance, personal accident insurance and healt

21、h insurance. A. life insurance life insurance is life expectancy, life insurance is based on the life of the insured as insurance, the life or death of the insured for the insured's life insurance policy. In practice, people used to include term life insurance, whole life insurance, endowment li

22、fe insurance and annuities. Life insurance life insurance is the most important part. B. personal accident insurance personal accident insurance accidental injury insurance for short. Accident refers to the people did not foresee or contrary to the wishes of the insured's case, sudden onset of o

23、bvious external cause damage to insured person's body, violently against the objective fact. Accident insurance is based on the insured person as a result of accidental injury resulting in death or disability for an insured's life insurance. In all in the life insurance business, share of ac

24、cidental injury insurance are unlikely, but due to the relatively low premiums, just pay a small premium to get high security cover is simple and without a medical examination, so underwriting discharges, such as travel accident insurance, aviation accident insurance, and so on. C. health insurance

25、health insurance is based on the body of the insured for the insured, guaranteed insured caused by sickness or accident injury compensation for expenses or losses when a life insurance policy, including critical illness insurance, hospitalization insurance, surgery insurance, accident insurance, ins

26、urance for loss of revenue. 2. insurance period classification of classification in accordance with the period of insurance, life insurance during more than 1 year can be divided into long-term business and insurance period less than 1 year (1 year) of short-term business. Which, life insurance in t

27、he most business for long-term business, as lifelong insurance, and both insurance, and annuity insurance, its insurance during up more than 10 years, and for decades years, even lifelong, while, this class insurance savings sex also strong; and life insurance in the of accident hurt insurance and h

28、ealth insurance and the life insurance in the of regularly insurance mostly for short-term business, its insurance during for 1 years or several months, while, this class business savings sex lower, policy of cash value smaller. 3.classification by underwriting classification according to underwriti

29、ng, insurance and personal insurance life insurance policy can be divided into groups. Group insurance is an insurance policy for a unit of all or most of these staff (China insurance regulatory Commission rules, at least 75% per cent of staff, and absolutely no fewer than 8 people) provided insuran

30、ce coverage. Group insurance can be divided into groups, group health insurance, life insurance and group annuity insurance. Only personal insurance is an insurance policy for the protection of a person or a family's insurance. 4. classification by classification according to whether dividends,

31、life can be divided into dividends and dividend insurance. Bonus insurance refers to the insurance company and actual operating results than conservatively priced supposed surplus, according to the certain proportion allocated to policyholders in life insurance. This policy was originally issued des

32、igns are only limited to mutual insurance companies, now joint-stock insurance company also can be used. In General, participating insurance premium calculation, predetermined interest rates, mortality rates and booking fees reservations rates assumptions more conservative, attach a greater safety f

33、actor, and premiums are relatively high, the company would make its real economic outcomes than the conservative assumption that forms part of the surplus to dividend to policyholders. When there are no participating policies, the accompanying safety factor less because the cost of such a policy can

34、not refund the policyholder after the balance; and competition for business needs, insurance calculations must reflect the actual cost of providing insurance. Therefore, dividend insurance for normal profit reserve for dividends distributed to shareholders or the deposit only.中國(guó)保險(xiǎn)業(yè)特征（一）保險(xiǎn)業(yè)的一般特征 

35、;我國(guó)的保險(xiǎn)業(yè)務(wù)具有險(xiǎn)種多、數(shù)據(jù)量大，保險(xiǎn)條款變化大以及保險(xiǎn)業(yè)務(wù)網(wǎng)點(diǎn)分散、數(shù)據(jù)保存時(shí)間長(zhǎng)等特征。1.保險(xiǎn)險(xiǎn)種多、數(shù)據(jù)量大 保險(xiǎn)業(yè)務(wù)按保險(xiǎn)對(duì)象不同分為財(cái)產(chǎn)保險(xiǎn)、責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)、人身保險(xiǎn)和財(cái)產(chǎn)與責(zé)任綜合保險(xiǎn)。目前，我國(guó)已開辦的保險(xiǎn)險(xiǎn)種達(dá)300多種。2.保險(xiǎn)條款變化大 隨著我國(guó)保險(xiǎn)業(yè)務(wù)的不斷發(fā)展，尤其是近幾年保險(xiǎn)業(yè)務(wù)更是發(fā)展迅速，隨著與保險(xiǎn)業(yè)相關(guān)的一些經(jīng)濟(jì)政策和經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境的變化，保險(xiǎn)條款一直處于不斷的變化和完善過程中，造 成了業(yè)務(wù)可變性大、規(guī)范性差。這種復(fù)雜多變的業(yè)務(wù)需求使得傳統(tǒng)的手工處理方式無法適應(yīng)，更無法及時(shí)滿足客戶的要求。3.網(wǎng)點(diǎn)分散、數(shù)據(jù)保存時(shí)間長(zhǎng) 保險(xiǎn)業(yè)務(wù)的

36、專設(shè)機(jī)構(gòu)網(wǎng)點(diǎn)往往比較分散，可位于全市的各個(gè)地區(qū)，再加上目前大量直銷員的推銷網(wǎng)點(diǎn)使得業(yè)務(wù)覆蓋面相當(dāng)大。在這種情況下如果僅靠手工集中處理則根本無法實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)所有數(shù)據(jù)的及時(shí)采集和對(duì)所有投保戶的及時(shí)出單處理。同時(shí)，保險(xiǎn)業(yè)務(wù)的數(shù)據(jù)根據(jù)業(yè)務(wù)種類的不同，其保存期限也有所不同，而往往有大量數(shù)據(jù)的保存期相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)(如30年)，這樣，對(duì)保險(xiǎn)公司的業(yè)務(wù)處理機(jī)構(gòu)來說數(shù)據(jù)保存的壓力非常大，傳統(tǒng)的方法也同樣無法滿足其要求。 （二）保險(xiǎn)業(yè)的金融特征 保險(xiǎn)與銀行、證券并稱為金融行業(yè)的三大支柱,是因?yàn)楸ｋU(xiǎn)具有一般金融行業(yè)的特征。 1.保險(xiǎn)與銀行、證券都是以貨幣為存在形式 保費(fèi)的收取和理賠的支出都

37、采用貨幣的形式,以貨幣為媒介而發(fā)生。保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的的價(jià)值和潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn),以及保險(xiǎn)利益也必須能夠用貨幣來衡量。 2.保費(fèi)的分散收取和集中使用具有資金融通的性質(zhì) 樣本基數(shù)足夠大才能使得大數(shù)法則更準(zhǔn)確地實(shí)現(xiàn),保費(fèi)從這足夠大的基數(shù)中收取,再按照大數(shù)法則的精算結(jié)果支付到發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的個(gè)體,完成了資金融通的過程。 3.保險(xiǎn)資金的運(yùn)用具有投資性質(zhì) 無論是財(cái)產(chǎn)保險(xiǎn)還是人身保險(xiǎn),保險(xiǎn)資金從積累到支付都會(huì)經(jīng)歷一段特定的時(shí)間,為了克服通貨膨脹等因素的影響,實(shí)現(xiàn)保險(xiǎn)資金的保值、增值,保險(xiǎn)人必須通過對(duì)這部分資金的投資操作來確保將來的支付。保險(xiǎn)行業(yè)有別于銀行業(yè)和證券業(yè)，因?yàn)楸ｋU(xiǎn)業(yè)具有其他金融行業(yè)

38、所不具備的特征： A.保險(xiǎn)業(yè)中的貨幣僅僅實(shí)現(xiàn)了貨幣的購(gòu)買職能和支付職能 投保人付出的保費(fèi)是風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分散的精算結(jié)果,從保險(xiǎn)原理上來講,保險(xiǎn)所提供的保障不會(huì)超過投保人損失的總量,即保費(fèi)的總額;而銀行業(yè)與證券業(yè)中的貨幣已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)化為資本,以獲取增量的貨幣為目的,具有天然的增值性?？梢娡瑯邮且载泿艦榇嬖谛问?貨幣在保險(xiǎn)行業(yè)和其他金融行業(yè)運(yùn)作的過程中所發(fā)揮的職能卻是并不相同的。 B.保險(xiǎn)只有融資的形式,而沒有融資的內(nèi)容 雖然保險(xiǎn)人收取保費(fèi)、集中運(yùn)用表現(xiàn)出融資的形式,但是就內(nèi)容而言保險(xiǎn)的資金融通是一種互助共濟(jì)的經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系,是為了克服風(fēng)險(xiǎn)不確定性,通過分散和集中的融資形式而實(shí)現(xiàn)

39、保障的功能。而其他金融行業(yè)的融資行為,或直接(證券業(yè))、或間接(銀行業(yè))地就是為了實(shí)現(xiàn)資本的增值。因此,保險(xiǎn)的資金融通與銀行業(yè)、證券形式相同,但內(nèi)容是不同的。 C.保險(xiǎn)資金運(yùn)用的投資性質(zhì)與銀行、證券截然不同 保險(xiǎn)資金運(yùn)用是承保務(wù)的延續(xù),是為了確保保險(xiǎn)資金在一段時(shí)間之后能夠不受通過膨脹等經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)因素的影響,順利實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)事故發(fā)生所造成的損失的賠付。并且,在確保資金運(yùn)作安全的基礎(chǔ)上,當(dāng)保險(xiǎn)資金運(yùn)作的實(shí)際收入高于保費(fèi)的時(shí)間價(jià)值時(shí),這部分投資收益也應(yīng)當(dāng)回歸到保險(xiǎn)資金中去,用于增強(qiáng)保險(xiǎn)的償付能力和保障能力。而其他金融行業(yè)資金的投資性質(zhì)是具有顯著的擴(kuò)張目的的。（三）保險(xiǎn)行業(yè)發(fā)展的特征&

40、#160;在經(jīng)濟(jì)理論范疇中，根據(jù)以哪種要素為主的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)推動(dòng)要素和投入要素之間的比例，可以組成不同的推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方式的要素組合方式。在宏觀和產(chǎn)業(yè)層面上，有技術(shù)密集型經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方式、勞動(dòng)密集型經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方式、資本密集型經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方式、知識(shí)密集型經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方式、自然資源密集型經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方式等。保險(xiǎn)行業(yè)發(fā)展不同與工業(yè)制造行業(yè)的發(fā)展，從行業(yè)特點(diǎn)看，保險(xiǎn)業(yè)首先屬于金融服務(wù)行業(yè)。這是保險(xiǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的重要特點(diǎn)。 從未來發(fā)展看，隨著保險(xiǎn)業(yè)務(wù)的上升，在不斷提取業(yè)務(wù)準(zhǔn)備金的同時(shí)，增加盈利或繼續(xù)增加資本投入以增強(qiáng)償付能力都是必要的。其次，保險(xiǎn)業(yè)是經(jīng)營(yíng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的特殊行業(yè)。而經(jīng)營(yíng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的基本原理之一就是大數(shù)法則。尤其是財(cái)產(chǎn)保險(xiǎn)公

41、司，按照大數(shù)法則的要求，自然有要求做大的沖動(dòng)，通過增設(shè)分子機(jī)構(gòu)擴(kuò)大承保標(biāo)的、增加業(yè)務(wù)量。否則無法分散其承保的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，導(dǎo)致其虧損，或無法提高其抗風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的能力。所以，從多數(shù)國(guó)家和地區(qū)保險(xiǎn)實(shí)踐看，將公司做大是保險(xiǎn)公司發(fā)展的基本特征。近多年來，日本財(cái)產(chǎn)公司市場(chǎng)集中度不斷提高，保險(xiǎn)公司已合并成三大集團(tuán)，除了其他原因外，上述大數(shù)法則下做大和市場(chǎng)上表現(xiàn)出的壟斷化的原因不能不算一個(gè)重要的原因。正是由于這特殊性，保險(xiǎn)業(yè)是否適用于反壟斷法是值得商榷的。Characteristics of China's insurance industry(I) General features of our country

42、's insurance business in the insurance industry with insurance, large amount of data, change of insurance clauses and insurance business network, data saving time and other features. 1. the insurance coverage, the amount of data were divided into the insurance business by insurance property insu

43、rance, liability insurance, life insurance, and property and liability insurance. At present, our country has completed over more than 300 kinds of insurance. 2. the insurance terms change with the development of China's insurance business, in particular the insurance business is developing rapi

44、dly in recent years, with some economic policies associated with the insurance industry and the changes in the economic environment, insurance has been in a process of continuous change and improvement, resulting in a large operational variability, standard deviation. This complex and changing busin

45、ess requirements make traditional manual approach is unable to adapt, much less meet customer requirements in a timely manner. 3. insurance business in decentralized networks, the data saved for a long time dedicated outlets tend to be more scattered and can reside in various places throughout the c

46、ity, plus many direct sellers selling outlets make considerable business coverage. In this case if only manual focus it is impossible to gather all data and timely order processing for all insured families. Meanwhile, the data according to the different types of business insurance business, and thei

47、r retention times are different, but often have a fairly long shelf lives for large amounts of data (for example, 30), thus, saves the data to the business processes of the insurance company agency under great pressure, the traditional method is also unable to meet their requirements. (B) the charac

48、teristics of financial insurance in the insurance industry and banking, securities and called the three pillars of the financial sector, because insurance has the General characteristics of the financial sector. 1. the banking, securities and insurance are based on the existing form of currency for

49、premiums received and claims expenses take the form of money, in money as a medium. Insured value and potential risks, and insurance interests must also be able to use money to measure. 2. decentralized collection and centralized use of the premium nature of the financing base large enough to make t

50、he sample more accurately the law of large numbers, this base large enough to collect premiums, in accordance with the law of large numbers of actuarial risk results are paid to individuals, through the process of financial intermediation.3. use of insurance funds with investment properties whether

51、property insurance or life insurance, the insurance fund from accumulated to pay for will experience a certain amount of time, in order to overcome the impact of inflation and other factors to realize value preservation and increment of the insurance fund, the insurer must pass the funds investment

52、operations to ensure that future payments. Insurance industry is different from yú banking and securities industry, because insurance has other financial industry by not has of features: A. insurance in the of currency just achieved has currency of purchased functions and paid functions policyh

53、olders pay of premium is risk dispersed of fine is results, from insurance principle shàng, insurance by provides of guarantees does not over policyholders loss of total, that premium of total; and banking and securities industry in the of currency has conversion for capital, to gets incrementa

54、l of currency for purposes, has natural of value-added sex. Visible is also in the form of currency, currency in the insurance industry and other financial industry plays in the process of function is not the same. B. only financing in the form of insurance, and although insurers finance charge a pr

55、emium, centralized application form funding, but in terms of content the financing of insurance is a mutual economic relations, is to overcome the risk of uncertainty, through decentralized and centralized form of financing and guarantee functions. Other financing activities in the financial sector,

56、 or directly (securities), or indirectly (the banking sector) is to achieve capital appreciation. Therefore, insurance, financing and banking, securities of the same, but the content is different. C. insurance investment banking, securities and investment property of distinct works in respect of the

57、 utilization of insurance funds is continuing, is to ensure that insurance funds over a period of time not under the influence of socio-economic factors such as inflation, smooth realization of risk pay for losses caused by the accident. And in ensuring the operational safety of funds on the basis o

58、f when the actual revenue is larger than the premium of insurance funds to operate the time value, this part of the return on investment should be returned to the insurance fund, to enhance the solvency of insurance and support capabilities. Investment of funds and other financial industry purpose nature has significant expansion. (C) the characteristics of the development of the insurance industry in areas of economic the