2022年語法學(xué)案動(dòng)詞的ing形式作主語和賓語

1、1語法學(xué)案動(dòng)詞的 ing形式作主語和賓語一、基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)1. 動(dòng)詞的形式：動(dòng)詞有四種形式，分別是動(dòng)詞的原形、動(dòng)詞的過去式、動(dòng)詞的過去分詞和動(dòng)詞的ing 形式。2. 動(dòng)詞的 ing 形式，因?yàn)樵诰渥又凶龅某煞植煌譃閮深?。第一是?dòng)名詞，常用作主語、賓語和表語。第二是現(xiàn)在分詞， 常用作狀語、定語或賓補(bǔ)等。3. 英語的句子可以由很多成分構(gòu)成。主要成分有主語、謂語和賓語或表語（1）主語是指一個(gè)句子的中心，表示所講的是誰或是什么。一般說來，用作主語的詞通常是名詞和代詞。(2) 謂語是說明主語的動(dòng)作，狀態(tài)或特征的成分。謂語一般可以分為簡(jiǎn)單謂語和復(fù)合謂語簡(jiǎn)單謂語主要是指單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞或作謂語。 復(fù)合謂語主要是指加動(dòng)

2、詞原形或加表語構(gòu)成。(3) 賓語是動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象，由名詞、代詞、不定式、或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語或從句來充當(dāng)， 它和謂語動(dòng)詞一起說明主語是什么，通常放在謂語動(dòng)詞后面。如：名詞作賓語i love music. 代詞做賓語he often helps me. 動(dòng)名詞作賓語he likes playing football. 從句做賓語 i believe that they can finish the work in time. （4）表語說明主語 “ 是什么 ” 或“ 怎么樣 ” ，由名詞、形容詞、介詞、副詞、不定式及相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語來充當(dāng)，它的位置在系動(dòng)詞后面。形容詞作表語he is v

3、ery generous. 名詞作表語my father is a teacher. 不定式作表語seeing is believing. 二、動(dòng)詞的 ing 形式的構(gòu)成和形式1. 動(dòng)詞 ing 形式，一般情況下是在動(dòng)詞的后面直接加ing。 如: readreading. 有特殊變化的需要靈活變化， 如: strugglestruggling regret- regretting 2. 動(dòng)詞的 ing 主要有 4 種形式。一般式 ving 如：doing 一般被動(dòng)式being+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞如：being +done 完成式having +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞如：having +done 完成被動(dòng)式

4、having been+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞如：having been +done 三、動(dòng)詞 ing形式作主語、賓語的用法和考點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞 ing形式作主語、賓語時(shí)稱作動(dòng)名詞（一）動(dòng)名詞作主語1. 位置： 句首或 it 作形式主語，而把正在的動(dòng)詞ing 移至后面。2. 主謂一致：?jiǎn)蝹€(gè)的動(dòng)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用（單數(shù) /復(fù)數(shù)）兩個(gè)或多個(gè)動(dòng)名詞作主語， 指不同的動(dòng)作， 謂語動(dòng)詞用（單數(shù) /復(fù)數(shù)）如：smoking is harmful to our health. 屬于動(dòng)詞 ing 形式作主語。謂語用了單數(shù)的。it is a waste of time doing such a thing. 屬于作形式主語，

5、而真正的主語是后面的可以轉(zhuǎn)換成 = doing such a thing is a waste of time. （二）重要考點(diǎn)1. 注意動(dòng)詞 ing 形式作主語的固定句型（1）it is /was a waste of time doing 做是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。(2) it is / was no good/use doi ng 做是沒有好處 /用處的(3) it is worth/worthwhile doing 做是值得的精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 頁，共 4 頁 - - - - - - - - -2(4) there is/

6、 was no point doing 做是無意義的。如：it is no use waiting here. 在此等待毫無用處。 =waiting here is no use. 2. 動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語的區(qū)別(1) 動(dòng)名詞作主語通常 表示抽象的、多次的動(dòng)作 ； 而不定式作主語表示具體的，一次的動(dòng)作。smoking is forbidden here 這里禁止抽煙。 (抽象) it is not very good for you to smoke so much 你抽這么多煙對(duì)你身體很不好。(具體) (2) 動(dòng)名詞做主語時(shí)，通常用以表示一件已知的事或經(jīng)驗(yàn)。不定式短語通常用來表示一件未

7、完成的事或目的。climbing mountains is interesting爬山很有趣。 (經(jīng)驗(yàn)) to protect the environment is our duty. (3) 不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語，可以用it 當(dāng)形式主語，把做主語的不定式或動(dòng)名詞后置。it took me only five minutes to finish the job.it is no use/good crying over spilt milk. 覆水難收。練習(xí)： 1. loud music in public against the law in the uk. a. play; is b. h

8、aving played are ; c. playing; is d. playing ;are 2.it is a waste of time to persuade him. a. to try b. try c. trying d. tried （三）動(dòng)名詞作賓語1. 位置： 動(dòng)詞或介詞的后面，構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓或介賓如： i enjoy playing badminton. 主語是謂語是賓語是屬于動(dòng)名詞作賓語。she is fond of playing basketball. 在此句子中放在介詞后作了賓語成分。2.重要考點(diǎn)常接動(dòng)詞 ing 形式作賓語的動(dòng)詞或短語(1) avoid, miss

9、, delay/put off 避免錯(cuò)過少延期(2) advise/suggest, finish, practise 建議完成多練習(xí)(3) enjoy, imagine, can t help 喜歡想象禁不住(4) admit, deny, envy 承認(rèn)否定與嫉妒(5) escape, risk, excuse 逃避冒險(xiǎn)莫原諒(6) stand, keep, mind 忍受保持不介意以上單詞常常接動(dòng)詞的ing 形式作賓語如： would you mind opening the door? 特別注意某些動(dòng)詞后可以接動(dòng)詞ing 形式作賓語也可以接不定式(to do) 作賓語，意思區(qū)別很大。1

10、）forget to do 忘記要去做某事（此事未做）forget doing 忘記做過某事（此事已做過或已發(fā)生）2）stop to do 停止、中斷（某件事），目的是去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在或經(jīng)常做的事3）remember to do 記住去做某事（未做）remember doing 記得做過某事 (已做) 4) regret to do 對(duì)要做的事遺憾（未做）regret doing 對(duì)做過的事遺憾、后悔(已做) 5）try to do 努力、企圖做某事try doing 試驗(yàn)、試一試某種辦法6) mean to do 打算，有意要mean doing 意味著精品學(xué)習(xí)資料

11、 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 頁，共 4 頁 - - - - - - - - -37）go on to do 繼而（去做另外一件事情）go on doing 繼續(xù)（原先沒有做完的事情）8) cant help doing sth 禁不住做 cant help to do sth 不能幫忙著去做 注意幾個(gè)特殊動(dòng)詞need/want/require ( 需要/要求)的賓語形式某人/某物需要做 /被做sb/sth +need/want/require+ doing/ to be done 如：這間教室需要修理。this classroom nee

12、ds repairing. = this classroom needs to be repaired. 練習(xí)：這個(gè)生病的老人需要檢查。the sick old man required (examine) = the sick old man required . 四、動(dòng)詞 ing 形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)和被動(dòng)、完成形式1. 動(dòng)詞 ing 形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)有四種形式（1）形容詞性物主代詞my/your/our/his+動(dòng)詞 ing 形式；（2）名詞所有格 s（tom s / mary s）+動(dòng)詞 ing 形式(3) 代詞賓格 me/you/him/her/us+動(dòng)詞 ing 形式(4) 名詞+動(dòng)詞 i

13、ng 形式2. 使用復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)可以比較清楚的表示動(dòng)詞ing 動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，使句子意思更清楚。如：do you mind opening the window? 你介意打開窗戶嗎？do you mind my/ me opening the window? 你介意 我打開窗戶嗎？i m looking forward to your coming . 我期待 你的 到來。3. 動(dòng)詞 ing 形式根據(jù)句子需要有被動(dòng)或完成的形式變化如：the bird was lucky and it just missed (catch). miss 錯(cuò)過后接 doing 作賓語，還要考慮，鳥 bird 與 cat

14、ch的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)的。鞏固練習(xí)1. its no use without taking any action. (11 上海) a. complain b. complaining c. being complained d. to be complained 考點(diǎn)：2. as a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the building in the area . a. need repairing b. needs to be repaired c. needs repairing d. need to repair 考點(diǎn)：3.- wha

15、t do you think made mary so upset? - her new bicycle. a. as she lost b. lost c. losing d. because of losing 考點(diǎn)：4. he suggested the teacher for help. a. i asking b. me to ask c. me asking d. my to ask 考點(diǎn)：5. i still remember to the famen temple and what i saw there. a. to take b. to be taken c. taking

16、 d. being taken 考點(diǎn)：6.i can t stand with jane in the same office. she just refuses talking while she works. a. working; stopping b. to work; stopping c. working ;to stop d. to work; to stop 考點(diǎn)：精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 頁，共 4 頁 - - - - - - - - -4補(bǔ)充考點(diǎn)：常接動(dòng)詞不定式 to do 作賓語的動(dòng)詞常與不定式做賓語連

17、用的動(dòng)詞有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, afford, offer (主動(dòng)提出做某事 )，decide, seek ,intend(打算)等7. no one can avoid by advertisements a. to be influenced b. being influenced c. influencing d. having influence 考點(diǎn)：8.in my mind, that famous university

18、will be the only way to become a world-class writer. a. attending b. attended c. attend d. having attended 考點(diǎn)：9. - is that book worth ? - yes, it is worthy twice. a. reading; being read b. to read; to be read c. of being read; reading d. reading; of being read 考點(diǎn)：10. i want to tell my father that th

19、e bike needs . a. to repair b. to be repaired c. repair d. being repaired 考點(diǎn)：【即時(shí)練習(xí)】根據(jù)句意及所給提示完成下列對(duì)話。1. a: avoiding being hurt is really a hard thing for me. would you mind _ (give) me some advice? b: sure. i suggest being yourself and practicing understanding others. consider becoming more open-minded and _ (make) more friends. sometimes _ (know) more people opens a door to _ (have) a good relationship. a: thank