John Keats 希臘古甕頌

1、 English poetthe second generation of romantic poets / the active Romantic School with Byron and Shelley representative of European Romantic Movementknown as a sensuous poet （1795-1821）1795 born in London 1811 surgeon-apothecary 外科藥劑商1815-1816 studied & licensed apothecary 1816.5 writing career

2、1821 died of tuberculosis 肺結(jié)核1821 He was buried at Protestant Cemetery (新教徒公墓) in Rome“Here lies one whose name was written in water.”此處長(zhǎng)眠者 聲名水上書(shū) Long Poems Short PoemsMajor worksEndymion 恩底彌翁Isabella 伊莎貝拉 The Eve of St. Agnes 圣愛(ài)格尼斯節(jié)前夕Lamia 萊米亞Hyperion 赫里波昂SonnetOdeOde on a Grecian Urn 希臘古甕頌Ode to A

3、utumn 秋頌Ode on Melancholy 憂郁頌Ode to a Nightingale夜鶯頌Ode to Psyche 靈魂頌When I have Fear 當(dāng)我害怕的時(shí)候 Bright Star 燦爛的星Bright star manuscriptFanny Brawne“ the most notable and the most important ever written by any English poet.” -T.S.Eliot明亮的星！我愿和你一樣堅(jiān)定不移， 但也許比不上你的長(zhǎng)夜獨(dú)明，孤懸中天， 像一名大自然的堅(jiān)忍不眠的隱士，睜著一雙永遠(yuǎn)不閉的眼簾， 了望那潮起

4、潮落，盡著牧師的職責(zé)， 用圣水給世人居住的海岸沐??；或了望那輕輕飄飛的初雪， 給山峰和原野罩上一副面具；可是，我不愿！我要堅(jiān)定不移，枕著我的愛(ài)人，永遠(yuǎn)感到她的溫暖，永遠(yuǎn)在甜蜜的動(dòng)蕩中保持清醒， 永遠(yuǎn)聽(tīng)她溫柔的呼吸的聲音， 就這樣永生，或者就這樣死去。Bright Star, would I were steadfast as thou art-Not in lone splendour hung aloft the night, And watching, with eternal lids apart, Like Natures patient sleepless Eremite,The m

5、oving waters at their priest-like task Of pure ablution round earths human shores, Or gazing on the new soft-fallen mask Of snow upon the mountains and the moors- No-yet still steadfast, still unchangeable, Pillowd upon my fair loves ripe ning breast, To feel for ever its soft fall and swell,Awake f

6、or ever in a sweet unrest, Still, still to hear her tender-taken breath, And so live ever-or else swoon to death. 燦燦爛爛的的星星查良錚 譯Bright star“Beauty is truth, truth beauty”O(jiān)de on a Grecian Urn 希臘古甕頌希臘古甕頌?zāi)阄砟阄怼凹澎o寂靜”的、完美的處子，的、完美的處子，受過(guò)了受過(guò)了“沉默沉默”和和“悠久悠久”的撫育，的撫育，呵，田園的史家，你竟能鋪敘呵，田園的史家，你竟能鋪敘一個(gè)如花的故事，比詩(shī)還瑰麗：一個(gè)如花

7、的故事，比詩(shī)還瑰麗：在你的形體上，豈非繚繞著在你的形體上，豈非繚繞著古老的傳說(shuō)，以綠葉為其邊緣；古老的傳說(shuō)，以綠葉為其邊緣；講著人，或神，敦陂或阿卡狄？講著人，或神，敦陂或阿卡狄？呵，是怎樣的人，或神！在舞樂(lè)前呵，是怎樣的人，或神！在舞樂(lè)前多熱烈的追求！少女怎樣地逃躲！多熱烈的追求！少女怎樣地逃躲！怎樣的風(fēng)笛和鼓謠！怎樣的狂喜！怎樣的風(fēng)笛和鼓謠！怎樣的狂喜！Thou still unravished bride of quietness, Thou foster child of silence and slow time, Sylvan historian, who canst thus e

8、xpress A flowery tale more sweetly than our rhyme: What leaf-fringed legend haunts about thy shape Of deities or mortals, or of both, In Tempe or the dales of Arcady? What men or gods are these? What maidens loath? What mad pursuit? What struggle to escape? What pipes and timbrels? What wild ecstasy

9、?stanza 1 查良錚（譯） Sylvan 住在森林的: living or located in the woods or forestTempe 溪谷 ：a beautiful valley in Greece, regarded as sacred as to Apollo 阿波羅, the God of PoetryArcady 世外桃源 ：an ancient place in Greece, often used as a symbol of the pastoral ideal In the first stanza, the poet enters the world of

10、 the urn and has a spiritual communication with those trees and people which are engraved on the urn. It shows that Keats has absorbed himself into the timeless beautiful scenery on the Grecian urn.Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard Are sweeter; therefore, ye soft pipes, play on; Not to the

11、 sensual ear, but, more endeared, Pipe to the spirit dities of no tone. Fair youth, beneath the trees, thou canst not leave Thy song, nor ever can those trees be bare; Bold Lover, never, never canst thou kiss, Though winning near the goal-yet, do not grieve; She cannot fade, though thou hast not thy

12、 bliss Forever wilt thou love, and she be fair!聽(tīng)見(jiàn)的樂(lè)聲雖好，但若聽(tīng)不見(jiàn)聽(tīng)見(jiàn)的樂(lè)聲雖好，但若聽(tīng)不見(jiàn)卻更美；所以，吹吧，柔情的風(fēng)笛；卻更美；所以，吹吧，柔情的風(fēng)笛；不是奏給耳朵聽(tīng)，而是更甜，不是奏給耳朵聽(tīng)，而是更甜，它給靈魂奏出無(wú)聲的樂(lè)曲；它給靈魂奏出無(wú)聲的樂(lè)曲；樹(shù)下的美少年呵，你無(wú)法中斷樹(shù)下的美少年呵，你無(wú)法中斷你的歌，那樹(shù)木也落不了葉子；你的歌，那樹(shù)木也落不了葉子；鹵莽的戀人，你永遠(yuǎn)、永遠(yuǎn)吻不上，鹵莽的戀人，你永遠(yuǎn)、永遠(yuǎn)吻不上，雖然夠接近了雖然夠接近了-但不必心酸；但不必心酸；她不會(huì)老，雖然你不能如愿以償，她不會(huì)老，雖然你不能如愿以償，你將永遠(yuǎn)

13、愛(ài)下去，她也永遠(yuǎn)秀麗你將永遠(yuǎn)愛(ài)下去，她也永遠(yuǎn)秀麗！stanza 2 Keats shows a more vigorous world and shifts the poem from the quietness of the first part to the musical and sounding world The poet says that the pipe s “unheard” melodies are sweeter than mortal melodies because they are unaffected by time. “Pipe” , along with th

14、e youth, the trees attract the poet s endless fantasy about a lovely spot. Ah, happy, happy boughs! that cannot shed Your leaves, nor ever bid the Spring adieu; And, happy melodist, unweari-ed, Forever piping songs forever new; More happy love! more happy, happy love! Forever warm and still to be en

15、joyed, Forever panting, and forever young; All breathing human passion far above, That leaves a heart high-sorrowful and cloyed, A burning forehead, and a parching tongue.呵，幸福的樹(shù)木！你的枝葉呵，幸福的樹(shù)木！你的枝葉不會(huì)剝落，從不曾離開(kāi)春天；不會(huì)剝落，從不曾離開(kāi)春天；幸福的吹笛人也不會(huì)停歇，幸福的吹笛人也不會(huì)停歇，他的歌曲永遠(yuǎn)是那么新鮮；他的歌曲永遠(yuǎn)是那么新鮮；呵，更為幸福的、幸福的愛(ài)！呵，更為幸福的、幸福的愛(ài)！永遠(yuǎn)熱烈，

16、正等待情人宴饗，永遠(yuǎn)熱烈，正等待情人宴饗，永遠(yuǎn)熱情地心跳，永遠(yuǎn)年輕；永遠(yuǎn)熱情地心跳，永遠(yuǎn)年輕；幸福的是這一切超凡的情態(tài)：幸福的是這一切超凡的情態(tài)：它不會(huì)使心靈饜足和悲傷，它不會(huì)使心靈饜足和悲傷，沒(méi)有熾熱的頭腦，焦渴的嘴唇。沒(méi)有熾熱的頭腦，焦渴的嘴唇。stanza 3adieu : goodbyecloyed 膩煩：to surfeit with an excess usually of something originally pleasing Keats depicts the feeling of ecstasy and emphasize that art can help us fin

17、d the eternal happiness by repetition. The poet feels happy for trees surrounding the lovers that they will never shed their leaves. He feels happy for the piper because his songs will be “ for ever new”, and happy that the boy s love will last forever, unlike mortal love, which only“ a burning fore

18、head, and a parching tongue” and eventually vanishes.Who are these coming to the sacrifice? To what green altar, O mysterious priest, Leadst thou that heifer lowing at the skies, And all her silken flanks with garlands dressed? What little town by river or sea shore, Or mountain-built with peaceful

19、citadel, Is emptied of this folk, this pious morn? And, little town, thy streets for evermore Will silent be; and not a soul to tell Why thou art desolate, can eer return.這些人是誰(shuí)呵，都去趕祭祀？這作犧牲的小牛，對(duì)天鳴叫，你要牽它到哪兒，神秘的祭司？花環(huán)綴滿著它光滑的身腰。是從哪個(gè)傍河傍海的小鎮(zhèn)，或哪個(gè)靜靜的堡寨山村，來(lái)了這些人，在這敬神的清早？這些人是誰(shuí)呵，都去趕祭祀？這作犧牲的小牛，對(duì)天鳴叫，你要牽它到哪兒，神秘的祭司？

20、花環(huán)綴滿著它光滑的身腰。是從哪個(gè)傍河傍海的小鎮(zhèn)，或哪個(gè)靜靜的堡寨山村，來(lái)了這些人，在這敬神的清早？stanza 4citadel 要塞：fortress on high ground protecting a citypious 虔誠(chéng)的：showing reverence for a deity eer：adv.曾，永遠(yuǎn) 詩(shī)=ever Nature images became an enduring passion that subtly belies the poems conclusion, “ Beauty is truth, truth beauty” In Keats view, a

21、ll of the natural pure beauties have been frozen and kept for their freshness by art. Our life is transient, but art works life can be perpetual. O Attic shape! Fair attitude! with brede Of marble men and maidens overwrought, With forest branches and the trodden weed; Thou, silent form, dost tease u

22、s out of thought As doth eternity. Cold Pastoral! When old age shall this generation waste, Thou shalt remain, in midst of other woe Than ours, a friend to man, to whom thou say st, Beauty is truth, truth beauty-that is all Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know.哦，希臘的形狀！唯美的觀照！哦，希臘的形狀！唯美的觀照！上面綴有石雕

23、的男人和女人，上面綴有石雕的男人和女人，還有林木，和踐踏過(guò)的青草；還有林木，和踐踏過(guò)的青草；沉默的形體呵，你象是沉默的形體呵，你象是“永恒永恒”使人超越思想：呵，冰冷的牧歌！使人超越思想：呵，冰冷的牧歌！等暮年使這一世代都凋落，等暮年使這一世代都凋落，只有你如舊；在另外的一些只有你如舊；在另外的一些憂傷中，你會(huì)撫慰后人說(shuō)：憂傷中，你會(huì)撫慰后人說(shuō)：“美即是真，真即是美美即是真，真即是美，”這就包括這就包括你們所知道、和該知道的一切。你們所知道、和該知道的一切。stanza 5Attic shape: diaplaying a simple, graceful style of Attica(阿提

24、卡,古希臘一地區(qū)) The fifth stanza Keats attributes his unforgettable sensation “ the marble men and maidens overwrought with forest branches and the trodden weed” to all the readers. Then he comes back to the realities and again addresses the urn itself, saying that it, like Eternity ,“doth tease us out of thought”, that s to say, he thinks that when his generation is long dead, the urn will remain, telling future generations its lesson:“beauty is truth, truth beauty. -that is all ye know on earth, and all ye need to know.” In the urn, which captures moments of intense ex