語(yǔ)音基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)---大學(xué)語(yǔ)音課教案

1、.羋蠆薁肈莀蒁袀肈膀芄袆?wù)毓?jié)薀螂肆蒞莂蚈肅肄薈薄肄膇莁袃膃艿薆蝿膂莁荿蚅膂肁薅薁膁芃莇罿膀莆蚃裊腿蒈蒆螁膈膈蟻蚇螅芀蒄薃螄莂蠆袂袃肂蒂螈袂膄蚈蚄袁莆蒀蝕袀葿莃羈衿膈蕿襖衿芁莂螀袈莃薇蚆袇肅莀薂羆膅薅袁羅芇莈螇羄蒀薄螃羃腿蒆蠆羃節(jié)螞薅羂莄蒅袃羈肄蝕蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿羋蠆薁肈莀蒁袀肈膀芄袆?wù)毓?jié)薀螂肆蒞莂蚈肅肄薈薄肄膇莁袃膃艿薆蝿膂莁荿蚅膂肁薅薁膁芃莇罿膀莆蚃裊腿蒈蒆螁膈膈蟻蚇螅芀蒄薃螄莂蠆袂袃肂蒂螈袂膄蚈蚄袁莆蒀蝕袀葿莃羈衿膈蕿襖衿芁莂螀袈莃薇蚆袇肅莀薂羆膅薅袁羅芇莈螇羄蒀薄螃羃腿蒆蠆羃節(jié)螞薅羂莄蒅袃羈肄蝕蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿羋蠆薁肈莀蒁袀肈膀芄袆?wù)毓?jié)薀螂肆蒞莂蚈肅肄薈薄肄膇莁袃膃艿薆蝿膂莁荿蚅膂肁薅薁膁芃莇罿

2、膀莆蚃裊腿蒈蒆螁膈膈蟻蚇螅芀蒄薃螄莂蠆袂袃肂蒂螈袂膄蚈蚄袁莆蒀蝕袀葿莃羈衿膈蕿襖衿芁莂螀袈莃薇蚆袇肅莀薂羆膅薅袁羅芇莈螇羄蒀薄螃羃腿蒆蠆羃節(jié)螞薅羂莄蒅袃羈肄蝕蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿羋蠆薁肈莀蒁袀肈膀芄袆?wù)毓?jié)薀螂肆蒞莂蚈肅肄薈薄肄膇莁袃膃艿薆蝿膂莁荿蚅 英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)要想說(shuō)好英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音，就要有英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音的一些基本知識(shí)。以下內(nèi)容供你參考。1關(guān)于語(yǔ)音的幾個(gè)概念 1)字母：語(yǔ)言的書寫形式。元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u,2)音標(biāo)：詞的語(yǔ)音形式。3)音素：音的最小的單位。英語(yǔ)中有48音素。4)音節(jié)：由元音和輔音構(gòu)成的發(fā)音單位。ap'ple, stu'dent, tea'cher,

3、un'der'stand5)元音：發(fā)音響亮，是樂(lè)音；口腔中氣流不收阻礙；是構(gòu)成音節(jié)的主要音。英語(yǔ)中有20元音。6)輔音：發(fā)音不響亮，是噪音；口腔中氣流受到阻礙；不是構(gòu)成音節(jié)的主要音。英語(yǔ)中有28輔音。7)開音節(jié)：a) 輔音+元音+輔音+e name bike;b) 輔音+元音 he, go, hi8)閉音節(jié)：a) 輔音+元音+輔音 bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b)元音+輔音it9)重讀音節(jié)：?jiǎn)卧~中發(fā)音特別響亮的音節(jié)。2. 元音：(注意：下面空方括號(hào)是電腦無(wú)法輸入的音標(biāo))1)i: sea, he, see, piece, ceiling 2)i sit, b

4、uild, miss, myth  3)e bed, desk, head,  4)æ bad, land, bank, stamp  5)a: car, fast, class, plant, calm, aunt 6) hot, want 7) : door, more, sport, ball, warm, author, court, bought, caught  8)u: good, who, blue, soup,  9)u look, put, women, could  10) cup,

5、 come, blood, rough  11): girl, work, serve, nurse  12) cadre, ago, forget, polite, dollar, doctor, famous, Saturday  13)ei cake, they, play, eight, great,  14)ai bike, die, neither, light, try, find, height, eye  15)u phone, cold, boat, soul, grow  16)au house, town

6、60; 17)i boy, oil  18)i dear, idea, deer, here, fierce,  19) pear, care, there, fair  20)u tour, poor,3. 容易混淆的元音1)e æ bed bad; men, man; pen, pan; lend land  2)i: ei real rail; greet, great; mean, main; read raid  3)e ai bet bite; red write; said side, head, hide 

7、4)au : house horse; loud lord; south sauce; now nor; count corn; cloud clause  5)au found fond; gown gone; down don4. 輔音1)p pen,  2)b bed, comb  3)t tell,  4)d, day, played, wanted  5)k cold, sky, quick, school, back, accept, box  6)g big, go, guess, language  7)m

8、man  8)n nine, knife, autumn  9) bank, uncle, English, sing,  10)l land, world  11)r read, write,  12)f five, cough, laugh  13)v voice, of  14) think,  15) ð this, bathe  16)s sit, miss, science, case, scarf  17)z zoo, close,  18) sure, she

9、, social, nation  19) pleasure,  20)h hot, who, hour  21)w wall, what, answer  22)j yes  23)t child, teach, catch  24)d joke, bridge,  25)ts boats  26)dz goods  27)tr tree  28)dr dream5. 容易混淆的輔音1)v w vet wet; vest west; vine wine; very well  2)s

10、 sink think; sort thought; miss myth; mass math  3)z ð closing clothing; breeze breathe; bays bathes  4)n thin thing; sin sing; ban bang win wing; ran rang  6. 讀音規(guī)則1)重讀音節(jié)(見元音和輔音的例句)2)非重讀音節(jié) banana, student, today, after,i orange, secret, evening, very, Monday 7. 特殊讀音1)音的連讀：not at

11、all, half an hour, I love you and all. after all2)失去爆破：good girl, good student, good job, expression, school, extreme3)音的同化：this year, Would you do it? Can't you see it?8. 重音1)單詞重音A)雙音節(jié)詞a)一般在第一個(gè)音節(jié)重讀。letter, sorryb)有 a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, p

12、re-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前綴的詞，第二個(gè)音節(jié)是重音。a'bout, be'lieve, ad'dress, de'cide, re'port, con'demn, res'pect, com'pare, in'form, dis'cuss,  im'press, mis'take, en'force, pre'pare, em'ploy, per'mit, es'cape, pro'duce, ex'clai

13、m,trans'late  c)有 de-, in-, re-, con-, pre- 等前綴的重音與詞義和詞類有關(guān), 一般名詞的重音在第一個(gè)音節(jié)上，其它的詞性在第二個(gè)音節(jié)上。'record, re'cord; 'insult, in'sult; 'conduct, con'duct; 'present pre'sent; 'content, con'tent  d)有些復(fù)合詞和帶有前綴 re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-, 等的詞，有兩個(gè)重音。'out'

14、;side, 're'tell, 'well-'known, 'un'real, 'fif'teen, 'Chi'nese, 'pre-'war, 'post-'war  B)多音節(jié)詞a)一般倒數(shù)第三個(gè)音節(jié)是重音。'difficult, 'communist, 'family, e'conomy, oppor'tunity,de'mocracy.  b)有一些雙音節(jié)詞，加了前綴和后綴成了多音節(jié)，但這些詞按原來(lái)詞根的重

15、音讀音。'carefully, in'definite, 'comfortable, con'ductor, ac'cording, dis'turbance, 'complicated,es'tablishment,  c)詞尾有-eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -ify, -ion, -ious, -ity, ive 后綴的詞，重音在這些后綴的前一個(gè)音節(jié)上。cour'teous, cal'ligraphy, edi'tor

16、ial, his'torian, peri'odic, mathe'matics, ex'perience,suf'ficient, i'dentify, trans'lation, re'ligious, curi'osity, pro'tective  d)詞尾有 -ain, -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette 后綴的詞，重音在該后綴上，而且有一個(gè)次重音。enter'tain, emplo'yee, mountai'neer, Japa'nese, ciga&

17、#39;rette  2)句子重音A) 英語(yǔ)的節(jié)奏：（輕）-輕-重-輕-（輕）或重-輕-（輕）（輕）重B) 英語(yǔ)句子的長(zhǎng)短：是由句子中的重讀詞的數(shù)目決定的，而不是象漢語(yǔ)那樣由句子中的漢字?jǐn)?shù)目決定的。C) 實(shí)詞重讀（副詞重讀），虛詞輕讀(冠詞，單音節(jié)介詞，單音節(jié)連詞，人稱代詞，反代詞，物主代詞，關(guān)系代詞，相互代詞，助動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和系動(dòng)詞be.D) 實(shí)詞不重讀的特殊情況a) 實(shí)詞第二次出現(xiàn)He thinks of that as a child thinks.  b) 一個(gè)名詞被第二個(gè)名詞修飾I met her in the railway station

18、.  c) 代替詞Which book do you want? The small one.  d) 感嘆詞中的 what 和howWhat a good day it is! How beautiful she is!  e) street 在專有名詞中Wangfujing Street.f) this在這些短語(yǔ)中，this morning/afternoon/eveningE)虛詞重讀的特殊情況a) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞和系動(dòng)詞be在句首，句尾和否定時(shí)。Do you like it? Yes, I do. Are you a doctor? Yes, I am. Can you help me? Yes, I can.  I don't like you. He isn't a worker.  b) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示可能，驚奇和肯定時(shí)。They may come this evening. Can it be five already? He must be in the room.  c) 介詞在句首和句尾。In the