2018年天津高考英語：巧解高考完型(1)

1、2018年天津高考英語：巧解高考完型眾所周知，完形填空往往是同學(xué)們在考試當(dāng)中失分最多、 提分最慢也是最沒把 握的一個題型。這也令我們大部分的高三考生頭疼不已。 今天，我們就來幫助大 家好好分析一下這個“障礙”，下文會給大家一些實用的解題小建議， 已起到“敲 磚引玉”的作用。從命題規(guī)律上說，高考完形填空遵循“文章內(nèi)容體現(xiàn)生活化”和“以實詞為主， 虛詞為輔，突出詞匯語境化”的命題原則，綜合考查考生的語言知識與能力。體 裁多以記敘文和夾敘夾議文為主。未來高考完形填空題將更加側(cè)重于考查語境，而實詞能較好地體現(xiàn)語境。因此， 動詞、名詞、形容詞和副詞的運用將會是完形填空考查的重中之重。一、考情分析命題規(guī)律

2、：高考完形填空遵循 文章內(nèi)容體現(xiàn)生活化”和以實詞為主、虛詞為輔, 突出詞匯語境化”的名詞原則，綜合考查考生的語言知識與能力。命題趨勢：未來高考完形填空題將更加側(cè)重于考查語境， 而實詞能較好地體現(xiàn)語 境。因此，動詞、名詞、形容詞和副詞的運用將會是完形填空考查的重中之重。真題統(tǒng)計動詞名詞形容詞副詞介詞連詞語法代詞201640%25%15%10%5%5%-201520%30%20%15%5%5%5%-201445%20%20%10%-5%-201335%20%20%15%10%5%5%-201240%25%15%5%5%5%-5%201130%35%10%10%5%5%5%-201045%35%10

3、%5%5%-200940%35%10%-10%5%-三、解題步驟1. 通讀原文一一抓中心，理邏輯，懂大意第一遍讀文章時不要做題，而是跳過空格，通讀試題所給的要填空的短文，獲 得整體印象，做到弄清文脈、抓住主旨，較好地把握短文大意。在讀第一遍時要 注意先讀懂文章的首句和末句，因為這兩句往往是沒有被挖空的句子。它們往往 是全文的關(guān)鍵句，是文章的 窗口”和 指南”可作為解題的突破口。通過讀文章 的首句一般可判斷文章的體裁、人物、時間、事件和事態(tài)等。文章的最后一句或 最后一段，往往是故事發(fā)展的結(jié)果，所陳述的事件的結(jié)論、啟示性的提示，或是 對全篇文章的概括。因此，先讀一讀末句對理解文章是很有幫助的。 首

4、句：一般不設(shè)空 畫一個中心詞（人/事/物）首句通常是文章的主題句，通常不設(shè)空，便于考生對短文主體、內(nèi)容或背景 有個大概了解。它的目的是向考生提供時間、地點、人物、事件、論點等有用的 信息。把握主題句，對于理解全文和解題很有幫助。（2016 天津）The journey my daughter Cathy has had withswimming is as long as it is beautiful. 帶空閱讀且簡單空可以填 一一固定搭配，語感，簡單推斷（2016 課標(biāo)全國川）Just before September, Miller was struck b a car and lost

5、 his right arm. I went to see him after he came back from 4.A. school 尾句/尾段一一確認(rèn)自己對于文章中心的把握（2015 天津）My fiance （未婚夫）and I were excited about shopping for our first homeThat' s how fund our home and how I learned that when people are, they arenot strangers, only friends we haven' t met yet.2. 精

6、讀+做題一一解題技巧 語境信息解題法一一（兩類提示+三大原則） 提示信息的種類：詞，句子 提示信息的位置：上文，下文，緊鄰，較遠(yuǎn)（牢記原則和放一放原則）完形填空最主要的特點就是語境，即上下文。所以語境便是我們做題最重 要的法門。完形填空中，有 80%-90%的空都可以在上下文中找到提示信息，所 以我們在做題的過程中，一定要注意該空的前后文。這些提示信息可能是一個詞， 句子，事件或者“and” “連詞。它們可能就在該空的上一句或下一句，也可能 在距離該空比較遠(yuǎn)的地方。對于提示詞比較遠(yuǎn)的時候，我們有兩種選擇：先猜， 然后通過后文的提示進(jìn)行確認(rèn)；先放一放，找到提示信息再返回做題。 提示信息的種類：a

7、. 有時候，設(shè)空的提示信息就是與之相關(guān)的一個詞，通過這個詞，我們可以從四 個選項中排除出正確的答案。（2016 天津）Cathy suffered some terrible 16in her early childhood. After yearsof regular treatment, she 17became healthy.16. A. failure B. pressureC. lossD. Ill nessIt was the greatest 34of my daughter' s life. With all she 35id been in her ten year

8、s, this was the hour of true triumph成 功）.D. Mome nt34. A. discovery B. choiceC. in flue nee（2016 北京）How could the medicine get to Nome? The town ' s 4was alreadyfull of ice, so it couldn' t come by ship.4.b. 提示信息是一個句子：有時候我們的提示信息是一個句子，比如冒號或破折號之后的解釋說明或者說話 內(nèi)容或者從句。1. （2016 天津）There were moments

9、of 28of course: often she would be the lastswimmer in the race.28. A. frustratio nB. delight C. exciteme nt D. surprise2. （ 2016 四川）By the end of the first ch apter, 16were comi ng from the backseat: “ Please read a little 17.”16.3. （ 2015天津）The next day, we got a 27message that another buyer had of

10、fereda much higher price.27. A. relax ingB. disappo intingC. pleasa ntD. Regularc. 牢記原則（2016 課標(biāo)全國川）That season, Iall of Miller ' s records while hethehome games from the ben ch. We went 10-1a nd I was n amed most valuable player, I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller' s

11、.His words freed me from my badd. 放一放原則（2015 課標(biāo)U） He looks around at. He stops whe n- some one with nogloves. He gives them a pair and then he, looking for more people with coldA.carsnu mberslights（2014 陜西）was with her, but there was blood everywhere and the womanwas embarrassed and clearly in shock

12、. .we were walk ing towards the sce ne, Tenyson become veryabout whathad happe ned to the elderly couple.A. Her husba ndB. My sonC. The crowdD. The sellere. 整句讀原則（2015 天津）But our funds were, none of the houses in our prices range seemedsatisfactory. 復(fù)現(xiàn)解題法 這類題多為同義詞、近義詞和反義詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)形式。這種題型主要考查考生的整體 篇章意識和上下文

13、推斷能力。（2016 天津）From that day on, Cathy kept swimming and didn ' _ a single practice. She had ainten ti on with in herself to be the best she could be. Myten-year-old was grow ing and cha nging right before my eyes, into this huma n being with a passi on and missi on.A.rich（2015 陜西）Dad had a green

14、 comb. He bought it when he married Mum. Every ni ght, he would hand me hisand say,“ good girl, help Daddy clea n it, OK?. When I turned to leave, he said,yodHIselpAmelcI_ my comb? ” I lookedat him for a while, the nthe comb and beaded to the sink.A.bag（2016 四川）“ No, it ' s too long and it doesn

15、' t have any, ai'neyomplained L“ Ohthat ' where you are; there are lots of pictures. Every page is full ofpictures; you just have to read the words tothem. It' s like magic.”A. Pictures 固定搭配、習(xí)慣用法解題法習(xí)慣用法是英語中固定的結(jié)構(gòu)，是不能隨意改的.平時學(xué)習(xí)中應(yīng)注意積累及掌握好 習(xí)慣用法.同時，應(yīng)多注意詞語辨析及詞語搭配，要培養(yǎng)在特定語境中靈活運用詞 語的能力.對于這類型的考

16、查，要求學(xué)生平時多積累并且牢記。（2013 天津）From dawn to dusk,he works countless hours to 31our family.（2015 課標(biāo) 2） It 17me that playing against the other team was a greatmoment for all the girls on the team.t doing so well.（2015 陜西）Two years later, Dad started his own 6, which wasn 邏輯關(guān)系解題法邏輯關(guān)系是一篇文章行文的主要線索，同時也是我們解題的一個主

17、要線索。準(zhǔn)確 把握句與句之間，段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系對于選擇正確答案起著至關(guān)重要的作 用。這種邏輯關(guān)系主要包含并列、遞進(jìn)、因果和轉(zhuǎn)折等。a. 時間關(guān)系：“ before after、 later、as、when” 等;（2015 湖北）He 5as he thought of his failure to sell all his papers.5. indow nawayupb. 因果關(guān)系：“ because for、since、as so、therefore thus 等；（2015 湖北）He added that Jas on 17money because he would not t

18、ell a lie.17.c. 轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系:“ but however、nevertheless on the contrary 等'1. （2015 天津）It was also much more than we could afford, but far 26than the orig inal ask ing price.26. A. worseB. betterC. less D. higher2. （2015 陜西）I passed the clean comb back to Dad. He smiled at me and 16placed his comb on his

19、 wallet. But this time, I noticed something 17. Dad hadaged.17.d. 并列關(guān)系：“ andand also or、neither?nor?either?or? not only?but also?as well、similarly、in the same way that is to say 等 ”（2015 北京）But he said that they were all 5people and he couldn' t imagineany of them had done that.5.e. 讓步關(guān)系:“althoughthough、even though even if、no matter+疑問詞”等f. 條件關(guān)系:“、only if、if only 等.（2016 天津）33skills and talents bring great success,