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1、考點(diǎn)三 數(shù)詞和主謂一致一、數(shù)詞命題趨勢(shì): 數(shù)詞是歷年各省市中考必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)。從考查形式看,一般有單項(xiàng)選擇、完形填空、詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用等。所占分值通常為24分。從命題意圖看,側(cè)重考查考生的具體語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中使用數(shù)詞的能力。中考考查重點(diǎn): 1. 基數(shù)詞;2. 序數(shù)詞;3. 分?jǐn)?shù)。數(shù)詞的分類:數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目的多少。序數(shù)詞表示事物的先后順序,往往與定冠詞the連用??枷蛞唬夯鶖?shù)詞的構(gòu)成(1)012單獨(dú)記。如: zero, one, two, three等。(2)1319的詞尾都是teen。如:fourteen, seventeen等,但13thirteen,15fifteen,18eight

2、een需要特殊記。(3)20以上的整十的基數(shù)詞均以ty結(jié)尾。20twenty,30thirty,40forty,50fifty,80eighty等。(4)幾十幾要加連字符號(hào)-。48forty-eight, 97ninety-seven等。(5)幾百幾十或者幾百幾十幾在百后加and。156one hundred and fifty-six, 509five hundred and nine。(6)四位數(shù)或者四位數(shù)以上的基數(shù)詞的拼寫規(guī)律:用逗號(hào)從右往左每三位加一個(gè)逗號(hào),第一個(gè)逗號(hào)讀作thousand(千),第二個(gè)逗號(hào)讀作million(百萬(wàn)),第三個(gè)逗號(hào)讀作billion(十億),hundred后

3、莫忘and。3,610three thousand six hundred and ten;94,295ninety-four thousand two hundred and ninety-five;考向二:序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成first 1stsecond 2ndthird 3rdfourth 4thfifth 5thsixth 6thseventh 7theighth 8thninth 9thtenth 10theleventh 11thtwelfth 12ththirteenth 13thfourteenth 14thfifteenth 15thsixteenth 16thseventeent

4、h 17theighteenth 18thnineteenth 19thtwentieth 20thtwenty-first 21sttwenty-second 22ndthirtieth 30thfortieth 40thfiftieth 50thsixtieth 60thseventieth 70theightieth 80thninetieth 90thhundredth 100thone hundred and first 101st(1)第一、第二、第三分別是first, second, third。(2)第四到第十九除了fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth是特

5、殊的拼寫外,其余的都在相應(yīng)基數(shù)詞后面加th構(gòu)成。如:fourth。(3)20以上的整十的序數(shù)詞由相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞變y為i,再加-eth。如:thirtythirtieth; fiftyfiftieth。(4)第一百hundredth; 第一千thousandth; 第一百萬(wàn)millionth。(5)20以上的非整十的基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞時(shí),只變化個(gè)位數(shù)。如:twenty-onetwenty-first; one hundred and oneone hundred and first?;鶖?shù)詞變序數(shù)詞記憶口訣基變序,有規(guī)律,詞尾加上-th。一,二,三,特殊記,詞尾字母t,d,d。八去t,九除e,ve要用f

6、替,ty將y變成i,th前面有個(gè)e。若是碰到幾十幾,前用基來(lái)后用序。整十基數(shù)變序數(shù),先把ty變成tie,要是遇上兩位數(shù),十位基數(shù),個(gè)位序,th最后加上去??枷蛉悍?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)法 分?jǐn)?shù)是由基數(shù)詞作分子,序數(shù)詞作分母構(gòu)成的。除了分子是1的情況外,序數(shù)詞都要用復(fù)數(shù)。1/3 one third 7/9 seven ninths【注意】一些特殊的分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá)法:a half 二分之一 a quarter =one fourth 四分之一 three quarters=three fourth 四分之三英語(yǔ)分?jǐn)?shù)巧記英語(yǔ)分?jǐn)?shù)不費(fèi)事,母序子基四個(gè)字。分子若是大于一,分母還須加-s?!镜淅俊?020·遼寧

7、丹東】the words from page 1 to page 3 are very clear. but the ones on the _ page are not.a. firstb. twoc. threed. fourth【答案】d【解析】考查數(shù)詞。first第一,序數(shù)詞;two二,基數(shù)詞;three三,基數(shù)詞;fourth第四,序數(shù)詞。上句 the words from page 1 to page 3 are very clear. 表明第1頁(yè)到第3頁(yè)的單詞很清楚,排除選項(xiàng)a、b、c。此處用序數(shù)詞fourth(第四)修飾后面的名詞page。句意:第1頁(yè)到第3頁(yè)的單詞是非常清楚的

8、。但是第四頁(yè)的單詞不清楚??枷蛩模簲?shù)詞和主謂一致1. 就近一致原則。2. 意義一致原則。3. 語(yǔ)法一致原則?!镜淅俊?020·湖北鄂州中考】because of the special situation this year, about _ of the students in our school _ having classes on the internet at home.a. two thirds; areb. two third; isc. second thirds; ared. two thirds; is【答案】a【解析】考查分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)以及主謂一致。句意:因?yàn)榻?/p>

9、年的特殊情況,我們學(xué)校大約三分之二的學(xué)生在家上網(wǎng)課。分?jǐn)?shù)是由基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞一起來(lái)表示的。基數(shù)詞作分子,序數(shù)詞作分母,除了分子是“1”以外,其他情況下序數(shù)詞都要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。此處表示“三分之二”,分子用基數(shù)詞two,分母用thirds?!胺?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常與of后的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。of后the students是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式are。故選a。主謂一致記憶口訣單單復(fù)復(fù)最常見(jiàn),集體名詞謂用單。如若強(qiáng)調(diào)其成員,復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)記心間。有些名詞謂常復(fù),牛人警察和船員。主語(yǔ)單數(shù)后接介,謂語(yǔ)單數(shù)介無(wú)關(guān)。主語(yǔ)從句非謂語(yǔ),many a再加more than one,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞均用單

10、。or,nor,but also,there be,近主原則掛嘴邊。主語(yǔ)neither,either,one,謂語(yǔ)總是用三單。主語(yǔ)雖有and連,and后面沒(méi)有冠,僅指一人或一事,謂語(yǔ)仍然是單三。時(shí)間、價(jià)值度量衡,謂語(yǔ)常作單數(shù)看。no,each,every后用單,兩件/種事物/情系一概念。二、主謂一致命題趨勢(shì):主謂一致是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致,主謂一致必須遵循三原則:語(yǔ)法一致原則,意義一致原則,就近一致原則。對(duì)于主謂一致的考查,主要集中在單項(xiàng)選擇、完形填空、漢譯英及其它類型的填空題中。在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中,要掌握主謂一致的基本用法及常見(jiàn)搭配。 中考考查重點(diǎn): 主謂一致的三個(gè)原則:語(yǔ)法一致原

11、則,意義一致原則,就近一致原則。 主謂一致是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致,主謂一致必須遵循三原則:語(yǔ)法一致原則,意義一致原則,就近一致原則。考向一:主謂一致的三個(gè)原則1. 意義一致意義一致就是根據(jù)句子主語(yǔ)的意義來(lái)確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。如:maths is difficult for us. 數(shù)學(xué)對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)很難。the police are trying to search for the thief on the hill. 警察們正在山上盡力搜查小偷?!镜淅俊?020 四川達(dá)州】ma yun as well as ren zhengfei _ tons of attention w

12、herever they go.yeah, they are very successful. we believe that struggle(奮斗) creates history and hard work makes a _ future. a. gets; brightly b. get; bright c. gets; bright d. get; brightly【答案】c【解析】 考查主謂一致和形容詞、副詞辨析。句意:馬云和任正非一樣,無(wú)論走到哪里都會(huì)受到大量關(guān)注。是的,他們非常成功。我們相信奮斗創(chuàng)造歷史,艱苦的工作營(yíng)造出一個(gè)光明的未來(lái)。as well as ren zheng

13、fei是插入語(yǔ),上句中的主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)ma yun,故其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式,可排除b、d項(xiàng)。由第二空后面的名詞future可知,此處應(yīng)用形容詞作定語(yǔ)。故選c。2. 語(yǔ)法一致語(yǔ)法一致即單數(shù)主語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)要用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。如:my bike is under the tree. 我的自行車在樹(shù)下。these books are old. 這些書是舊的?!镜淅俊?020 黑龍江綏化】my family _ for dinner now. we're busy. a. is preparing b are preparing c. prepares【答案】b

14、【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)及主謂一致。句意:我的家人現(xiàn)在正在準(zhǔn)備晚餐。我們很忙。由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)now可知要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),主語(yǔ)family此處表示“家人”,謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。故選b。3. 就近原則就近原則即當(dāng)主語(yǔ)被某些連詞(短語(yǔ))連接時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與離它最近的詞保持一致。either my father or brother is coming. 我父親來(lái),要不然就是我弟弟來(lái)。not only you but also they are good students. 不僅你是好學(xué)生,而且他們也是好學(xué)生?!镜淅俊?020 遼寧營(yíng)口】not only jim but also lucy _ a few cit

15、ies since they came to china. a. will visitb. visitedc. have visitedd. has visited 【答案】d【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)及主謂一致。句意:自從jim和lucy來(lái)到中國(guó)那時(shí)起,他們都參觀了好幾個(gè)城市。由句意知,since在這里意為“自從”,其引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),排除a、b;not onlybut also引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是隨著后面的主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)的變化而變化,本句后面的主語(yǔ)lucy是單數(shù),句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),排除c。故選d?!局R(shí)歸納】含義例句語(yǔ)法一致指的是主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

16、詞使用單數(shù)形式,主語(yǔ)如果為復(fù)數(shù)形式,那么謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。tom is a good student.湯姆是個(gè)好學(xué)生。they often play football on the playground.他們經(jīng)常在操場(chǎng)上踢足球。意義一致又稱為概念一致原則,指的是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)單復(fù)數(shù)意義,而不取決于表面上的語(yǔ)法聯(lián)系。my family are having lunch now.我們一家人現(xiàn)在正吃午飯。twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 這本書20美元太貴了。就近一致又稱為近鄰一致原則,指的是主語(yǔ)由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞

17、或代詞構(gòu)成,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)與緊鄰的名詞或代詞保持一致。not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不僅老師喜歡踢足球,而且他的學(xué)生也喜歡踢足球。there is a pen and some books on the desk.課桌上有一支鋼筆和一些書??枷蚨翰⒘薪Y(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)由and或both. and連接兩個(gè)名詞、代詞作主語(yǔ),表示不同的人或事物時(shí),句子的謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。john and mike are good friends. 約翰和邁克是好朋友。both bread and milk are go

18、od for you. 面包和牛奶對(duì)你都有好處?!咀⒁狻縜nd連接的兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ),在意義上指同一人、同一物或同一概念時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。the famous singer and dancer is coming to chongqing. 那位著名的歌唱家兼舞蹈家要來(lái)重慶??枷蛉好~+介詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)名詞或代詞后接as well as,with,along with,together with,except,but等短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)和介詞短語(yǔ)前的名詞或代詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。she as well as other students likes playing compute

19、r games. 她和其他學(xué)生都喜歡玩電腦游戲。he with his parents is working in the fields. 他正和他的父母在地里干活。nobody but you and me knows it. 除了你和我,沒(méi)人知道??枷蛩模翰欢ù~作主語(yǔ)1. 當(dāng)作主語(yǔ)的名詞前有each,neither,either,every修飾或each,neither,either作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。each student has a book. 每一個(gè)學(xué)生都有一本書。either answer is correct. 兩個(gè)答案都是正確的。neither parent is w

20、ith him. 他的父母都沒(méi)有和他在一起。every minute is important to us. 每一分鐘對(duì)大家都很重要。2. 當(dāng)復(fù)合不定代詞someone,anyone,somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody,something,anything,nothing,everything等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。somebody is waiting for you outside. 有人在外面等你。is everybody here today? 今天大家都到了嗎? something is wrong with my watch. 我的手表出故障了。

21、nobody was away yesterday. 昨天沒(méi)有人離開(kāi)?!镜淅俊?020黑龍江齊齊哈爾】to avoid gathering(聚集), neither the students nor their teacher _ going to the party this evening.a. was b. are c. is【答案】c【解析】考查主謂一致。句意:為了避免聚集,學(xué)生們和他們的老師今晚都不會(huì)去參加聚會(huì)。neither.nor.短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),遵循“就近原則”,即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式和nor后面的名詞或代詞的數(shù)保持一致。根據(jù)teacher的單數(shù)形式可知謂語(yǔ)用is。故選c??枷蛭澹簍h

22、ere be和here be的就近原則there be和here be 結(jié)構(gòu)后面接并列名詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be均應(yīng)與最近的名詞在數(shù)上保持一致。there is a pen,a pencil,a knife and three books on the desk. 書桌上有一支鋼筆,一支鉛筆,一把刀和三本書。here are some flowers and a card. 這里有一些花和一張卡片。【典例】【2020 上海】there_ more than two ways to solve this maths problem.a.am b. is c. are d.be【答案】c【解析】考查謂語(yǔ)

23、動(dòng)詞。句意:解決這道數(shù)學(xué)題的方法不止有兩種。there be結(jié)構(gòu)意為有,主語(yǔ)是后面的名詞,more than two ways是復(fù)數(shù),所以用are。故選c??枷蛄禾厥饷~作主語(yǔ)1. 國(guó)名、人名、書名、報(bào)刊名、組織機(jī)構(gòu)等專有名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),即使其形式上是復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要用單數(shù)。the united states lies to the east of china. 美國(guó)在中國(guó)的東方。(國(guó)名)engels was good at learning foreign languages. 恩格斯擅長(zhǎng)學(xué)外語(yǔ)。(人名)2. the+形容詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),表示某類人,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。the sick are t

24、aken good care of. 病人得到很好的照顧。the old are supposed to be spoken to politely. 跟老人講話要有禮貌。3. 以-s結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞,如maths,physics,politics等和以-s結(jié)尾的抽象名詞,如news,plastics等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。physics is very difficult for me to learn. 物理對(duì)我來(lái)講很難學(xué)。the news was very exciting. 這條新聞十分激動(dòng)人心。4. 單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同的名詞,如chinese,japanese,sheep,deer等

25、作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由名詞前的修飾語(yǔ)來(lái)確定。a chinese wants to see you. 一個(gè)中國(guó)人想見(jiàn)你。ten sheep are eating grass there. 那邊有10只綿羊在吃草?!咀⒁狻縞hinese,japanese,english等前加the表示一國(guó)人,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。the chinese speak chinese. 中國(guó)人說(shuō)漢語(yǔ)??枷蚱撸罕頂?shù)量概念的詞或短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)1. 表示時(shí)間、金錢、距離、重量等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),通??醋饕粋€(gè)整體,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。ten years has passed quickly. 10年很快就過(guò)去了。ten

26、dollars is enough. 10美元就夠了。100 kilometers is a long way. 100千米是一段很長(zhǎng)的路。2. 加減乘除運(yùn)算中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),其中加法與乘法也可用復(fù)數(shù)。two and two is/are four. 2加2等于4。six times one is/are six. 6乘以1等于6。3. many a/more than one+單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。there is more than one answer. 有不止一個(gè)答案。many a student has passed the exam. 許多學(xué)生通過(guò)了考試。4. one

27、 and a half+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。one and a half days is all i can spare. 一天半是我所能支配的全部時(shí)間。one and a half pears is left on the plate. 一個(gè)半梨被留在盤子里。5. the rest of. 短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),如果of后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù);如果of后接不可數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。the rest of the bikes are on sale. 余下的自行車降價(jià)出售。the rest of the bread is gone. 剩余的面包不見(jiàn)了。6. none of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),

28、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可以用單數(shù)也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。none of the dogs was/were there. 那兒沒(méi)有狗。7. a number of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)表示許多/大量的,其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);the number of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)表示的數(shù)量,其中心詞為number,故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。a number of farmers are standing over there. 許多農(nóng)民站在那邊。the number of the students in this school has reached over 2,000. 這所學(xué)校的學(xué)生數(shù)量已達(dá)到2 000多人。8. a lot of/lots of/

29、plenty of+名詞作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由of后的名詞來(lái)確定。如果of后是不可數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);如果of后是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。a lot of time is needed. 需要大量的時(shí)間。plenty of workers are working. 許多工人在工作。考向八:動(dòng)名詞、不定式和從句作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞、不定式或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)。doing morning exercises is good for your body. 做早操對(duì)你的身體有益。to play with fire near a gas station is very dangerous. 在加油站

30、附近玩火很危險(xiǎn)。what he said at the meeting is very important. 他在會(huì)上的發(fā)言很重要?!镜淅俊?020江蘇常州】to the west of our school_ some bookstores and a park.a. lies b. lie c. has d. have【答案】b【解析】考查倒裝句。句意:一些書店和一座公園位于我們學(xué)校西面。lie位于;have有。地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)提前用全部倒裝。因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)是some bookstores and a park (一些書店和一座公園),故用復(fù)數(shù)lie。故選b。【辨析】其他情況例句and連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),

31、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常常使用復(fù)數(shù);但是and連接的并列主語(yǔ)指同一人、同一物時(shí),謂語(yǔ)使用單數(shù)。the writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教師來(lái)了(作家和教師指同一個(gè)人)the writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老師來(lái)了。(作家和老師是兩個(gè)人)單數(shù)名詞或代詞+名詞或代詞+but/besides/except/including/like/with/along with/as well as /rather than/such as/together with+名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)使用單數(shù)形式,如果之前的名詞或代詞是復(fù)數(shù),則謂語(yǔ)使用

32、復(fù)數(shù)。mike with his father has been to england.邁克同他的父親去過(guò)英格蘭。mike, like his brother,enjoys playing football. 邁克像他的哥哥一樣喜歡踢足球。the number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù); a(good/large) number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。the number of the students is over eight hundred. 學(xué)生人數(shù)超過(guò)八百。a number of teachers are present today,and the number

33、 of them is 500. 許多教師今天都出席了,有500人。由兩個(gè)相同部分組成的一個(gè)整體名詞作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù),如chopsticks,glasses,shoes,socks,stockings, trousers, boots等。若此類名詞被a kind of/a pair of修飾時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。the scissors are on the shelf next to the cupboard. 剪刀在櫥柜旁邊的架子上。a pair of glasses costs quite a lot these days. 近些天,眼鏡的售價(jià)很高。當(dāng)not only. but al

34、so.,not. but.,or,either. or.,neither. nor.等連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),以及在there be句型中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式采用就近一致原則。neither jack and i have seen this film.杰克和我都沒(méi)有看過(guò)這部電影either you or he is to attend the meeting tomorrow.或者是你或者是他去參加明天的會(huì)議。某些集體名詞,如class, club, family, team, group等,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用意義一致原則,即依據(jù)名詞的具體含義來(lái)確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。the company

35、 has grown rapidly in the last five years.這家公司五年來(lái)迅速發(fā)展壯大。the family are celebrating thanksgiving in this picture.在這張相片里,全家人正在慶祝感恩節(jié)?!局R(shí)拓展】如果這一類集體名詞作為一個(gè)整體看待時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用單數(shù)形式,如果這一類詞指的是具體成員,則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只用單數(shù)的情況主語(yǔ)抽象表單一,集體名詞整體看;and連接兩名詞,或人或物不可分;every,each以及no,并用and連名詞;三eneither不定代,所構(gòu)合成正式單;news,means,works,

36、貌似復(fù)數(shù)實(shí)則單;還有ics結(jié)尾學(xué)科詞,國(guó),書,劇名兼格言;時(shí)重長(zhǎng)度與價(jià)值,主單不受隨行控;many,more than連單數(shù),名詞數(shù)量一個(gè)半,謂語(yǔ)單數(shù)不多看。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可單可復(fù)的語(yǔ)法原則可單可復(fù)有8類,集體名詞一大類,看作整體用單數(shù),個(gè)體單看用復(fù)數(shù);不定代詞疑問(wèn)詞,部分、半數(shù)及剩余,這些作主看內(nèi)容,該單該復(fù)看含義;the加分詞形容詞,指人一定是復(fù)數(shù),若與分詞指抽象,仍用單數(shù)莫遲疑;one of引導(dǎo)定從句,修飾復(fù)數(shù)是真的,若有the only在前頭,從句指的是單一;人口數(shù)目與比例,大多、種類作主語(yǔ);許多、分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù),是單是復(fù)看意義;四則運(yùn)算很隨意。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)的情況人們加警察,家禽并牛群,常作

37、復(fù)數(shù)沒(méi)問(wèn)題;服裝鞋襪及手套,自然全是用復(fù)數(shù)。i. 用括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。1. there are _(seven) days in a week. the _(seven) day is saturday.2. what does the fresh juice contain?four fifths of the juice _(be) orange. its very pure.3. now the students each _(have) an english-chinese dictionary.4. this is my twin sister, lucy. not only

38、 she but also i _(be) good at drawing.5. every year, _(thousand) of books are given away to the poor children in the countryside.【答案】1. seven, seventh 2. is 3. have 4. am 5. thousands ii. 單項(xiàng)選擇。1. a number of boys _ singing songs. the number of boys _ getting larger and larger. aare; is bis; are cis;

39、 is dare; are【答案】a 【解析】句意:許多男孩正在唱歌。男孩的數(shù)量越來(lái)越大。a number of boys許多男孩,中心詞是boys,用作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式;the number of boys男孩的數(shù)量,中心詞是number,用作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式,故選a。2. andy, with his parents, _ to hong kong, and they will stay there for a week. ahave gonebhas gonechave been dhas been【答案】b 【解析】句意:安迪和他的父母已經(jīng)去了香港,他們

40、將在那里待上一個(gè)星期。have/has been to+地點(diǎn)意為曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地;have/has gone to +地點(diǎn)意為已經(jīng)去了某地。從后一分句知,andy和其父母是已經(jīng)去了香港,排除c、d兩項(xiàng);本句的主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)andy,而介詞短語(yǔ)with his parents作伴隨狀語(yǔ),句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。故選b。3. how much _ the pair of shoes?twenty dollars _ enough. ais; is bis; are care;is dare; are【答案】a 【解析】句意:這雙鞋多少錢?二十美元足夠。the pair of短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

41、要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式;twenty dollars表示錢,作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故選a。4. li ming will be _. his parents are going to have a party for _ birthday.a sixteen; sixteenthbsixteenth; sixteenthcsixteen; sixteendsixteenth; sixteen【答案】a 【解析】句意:李明將要16歲了,他的父母打算為他16歲的生日舉辦一個(gè)聚會(huì),表示多少歲使用基數(shù)詞,表示第幾個(gè)生日使用序數(shù)詞,所以答案選a.5. please pass me _ bo

42、ok on the right.a. fourb. fourthc. the fourd. the fourth【答案】d【解析】句意:請(qǐng)把右邊第四本書遞給我。four四,基數(shù)詞;fourth第四,序數(shù)詞;the four形式錯(cuò)誤;the fourth特指第四個(gè)。根據(jù)句意和空后book是單數(shù)形式可知,這里表示的是第四本書,應(yīng)用序數(shù)詞,序數(shù)詞前必須用定冠詞,故應(yīng)選d。1. (2020·遼寧丹東中考) fresh water _ more important than anything else.a. isb. arec. wasd. were【答案】 a【解析】考查主謂一致?!暗绕?/p>

43、他任何東西都重要”是一個(gè)事實(shí),應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。排除選項(xiàng)c和d。因主語(yǔ)water為不可數(shù)名詞,使用 is。2. (2020·貴州安順) as we all know, using public chopsticks_ necessary when we eat with others.a.isb. arec. was【答案】 a【解析】考查主謂一致及一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。句意:眾所周知,當(dāng)我們和別人一起用餐時(shí)使用公共筷子是有必要的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此句缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),可知主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,故選a。3. (2020·甘肅天水) no

44、t only jim but also his sister _ a few cities in the south since they came to china.a. have visited b. has visited c. visited d. visits【答案】 b【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:不僅吉姆,而且他的姐姐,自從他們來(lái)到中國(guó)以來(lái),已經(jīng)在南方參觀過(guò)幾個(gè)城市了。連詞since意為“自從以來(lái)”,用來(lái)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,從句中的動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí),主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。not onlybut also意為“不但而且”,可用來(lái)連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ),其后謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞遵循“就近原則”,故

45、和his sister一致,故用has visited。故選b。4. (2020·四川廣元中考) tom, together with his friends, often to the old peoples home to cheer the old up.a. go b. going c. goes【答案】 c【解析】 考查主謂一致。句意:湯姆,和他的朋友一起,常常去老人之家讓老人開(kāi)心起來(lái)。本句的主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)tom,together with his friends在此是插入語(yǔ),故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故選c。5. (2020·黑龍江牡丹江市) the

46、talent show youth with you(青春有你)is becoming hotter and hotter online. exactly. half of our class interested in it recently. a. is b. are c. was 【答案】 b【解析】 考查主謂一致。句意:“才藝秀青春有你在網(wǎng)上越來(lái)越火爆。”“的確如此。最近我們班有一半的人對(duì)此感興趣?!県alf作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)of后的名詞確定單復(fù)數(shù);class在這里是集體名詞,作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù),故選b。6. (2020·黑龍江大慶)on the left of th

47、e playground _ the library. there _ many books and computers in it. a. are; isb. is; arec. are; ared. is; is【答案】 b【解析】考查主謂一致。句意:操場(chǎng)的左邊是圖書館。里面有很多書和電腦。第一空句子主語(yǔ)the library是單數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式is;第二空句子主語(yǔ)books是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式are,故選b。7. (2020·廣西百色) the environment here becomes better and better. _ birds are co

48、ming back.a. hundred b. hundreds c. thousand d. thousands of【答案】 d【解析】考查數(shù)詞的用法。句意:這里的環(huán)境變得越來(lái)越好。成千上萬(wàn)的鳥(niǎo)兒正在回來(lái)。當(dāng)hundred, thousand前有具體的數(shù)字時(shí),表示確數(shù),hundred, thousand后不加-s,其后也不用of;當(dāng)hundred, thousand前沒(méi)有具體數(shù)字時(shí),表示約數(shù),hundred, thousand后既要加-s,也要加of。故選d。8. (2020·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江中考) peng min finally became the winner of _ seas

49、on of cctv's chinese poetry conference.a. five b. fifth c. the fifth d. fifths【答案】 c【解析】考查序數(shù)詞的用法。句意:彭敏最終成為央視第五季中國(guó)詩(shī)詞大會(huì)的獲勝者。序數(shù)詞和定冠詞the連用,表示順序“第”,符合句意。故選c。9. (2020·四川達(dá)州中考)its said that the two _ doctors have just come back from wuhan. yeah. i know them. they are both already in their _. a. wom

50、an; sixty b. women; sixtieth c. women; sixties d. woman; sixties【答案】 c【解析】 考查名詞和數(shù)詞的用法。句意:據(jù)說(shuō)這兩名女醫(yī)生剛剛從武漢回來(lái)。是的,我認(rèn)識(shí)她們,她們兩個(gè)都已經(jīng)60多歲了。由第一空前面的基數(shù)詞two可知,此處指的是“兩名女醫(yī)生”,woman作定語(yǔ)修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)需用其復(fù)數(shù)形式,可排除a、d項(xiàng)。“in ones +整十的復(fù)數(shù)”表示“在某人幾十多歲時(shí)”,是固定搭配,可排除b項(xiàng)。故選c。10. (2020·貴州黔東南) dear, how is your homework going? oh, mom, i&#

51、39;ve just finished _ of it.a. second threeb. two thirdc. second threesd. two thirds【答案】 d【解析】考查分?jǐn)?shù)的表示方法。句意:親愛(ài)的,你的作業(yè)怎么樣? 哦,媽媽,我剛做完三分之二。英語(yǔ)中,分?jǐn)?shù)的分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞;分子大于一時(shí),分母用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故選d。i. 單項(xiàng)選擇。1. 【2020 安徽省蕪湖市九年級(jí)畢業(yè)暨升學(xué)模擬考試(三)】the number of students in our school _ 620 and a number of them _ from the same village

52、.a. is, isb. are, arec. is, ared. are, is【答案】c【解析】句意:我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生數(shù)是620,他們?cè)S多人來(lái)自同一個(gè)村莊。考查主謂一致。the number of 意思是“的數(shù)量”,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);a number of意思是“許多”,修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù),這里them代指students;故選c。2.【2020 上海市長(zhǎng)寧區(qū)、金山區(qū)一?!縩ot only tom but also gail fond of watching football games every summer.ais bare cwas dwere【答案】a【解析】句意:不僅湯姆而且蓋爾都喜歡每年夏天看足球賽??疾橹髦^一致。is是,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語(yǔ)是單數(shù);are是,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù);was是,一般過(guò)去時(shí),主語(yǔ)是單數(shù);were是,一般過(guò)去時(shí),主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)。not only but also 意為“不但而且”,主要用于連接兩個(gè)對(duì)等的成分;若連接兩個(gè)成分作主語(yǔ),其后謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與靠近的主語(yǔ)保持一致,即就近原則;本題中離謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞最近的主語(yǔ)為蓋爾,是第三人稱單數(shù),所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),排除b、d選項(xiàng);再由ev

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