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1、考點(diǎn)三 數(shù)詞和主謂一致一、數(shù)詞命題趨勢(shì): 數(shù)詞是歷年各省市中考必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)。從考查形式看,一般有單項(xiàng)選擇、完形填空、詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用等。所占分值通常為24分。從命題意圖看,側(cè)重考查考生的具體語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中使用數(shù)詞的能力。中考考查重點(diǎn): 1. 基數(shù)詞;2. 序數(shù)詞;3. 分?jǐn)?shù)。數(shù)詞的分類(lèi):數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞?;鶖?shù)詞表示數(shù)目的多少。序數(shù)詞表示事物的先后順序,往往與定冠詞the連用??枷蛞唬夯鶖?shù)詞的構(gòu)成(1)012單獨(dú)記。如: zero, one, two, three等。(2)1319的詞尾都是teen。如:fourteen, seventeen等,但13thirteen,15fifteen,18eight
2、een需要特殊記。(3)20以上的整十的基數(shù)詞均以ty結(jié)尾。20twenty,30thirty,40forty,50fifty,80eighty等。(4)幾十幾要加連字符號(hào)-。48forty-eight, 97ninety-seven等。(5)幾百幾十或者幾百幾十幾在百后加and。156one hundred and fifty-six, 509five hundred and nine。(6)四位數(shù)或者四位數(shù)以上的基數(shù)詞的拼寫(xiě)規(guī)律:用逗號(hào)從右往左每三位加一個(gè)逗號(hào),第一個(gè)逗號(hào)讀作thousand(千),第二個(gè)逗號(hào)讀作million(百萬(wàn)),第三個(gè)逗號(hào)讀作billion(十億),hundred后
3、莫忘and。3,610three thousand six hundred and ten;94,295ninety-four thousand two hundred and ninety-five;考向二:序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成first 1stsecond 2ndthird 3rdfourth 4thfifth 5thsixth 6thseventh 7theighth 8thninth 9thtenth 10theleventh 11thtwelfth 12ththirteenth 13thfourteenth 14thfifteenth 15thsixteenth 16thseventeent
4、h 17theighteenth 18thnineteenth 19thtwentieth 20thtwenty-first 21sttwenty-second 22ndthirtieth 30thfortieth 40thfiftieth 50thsixtieth 60thseventieth 70theightieth 80thninetieth 90thhundredth 100thone hundred and first 101st(1)第一、第二、第三分別是first, second, third。(2)第四到第十九除了fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth是特
5、殊的拼寫(xiě)外,其余的都在相應(yīng)基數(shù)詞后面加th構(gòu)成。如:fourth。(3)20以上的整十的序數(shù)詞由相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞變y為i,再加-eth。如:thirtythirtieth; fiftyfiftieth。(4)第一百hundredth; 第一千thousandth; 第一百萬(wàn)millionth。(5)20以上的非整十的基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞時(shí),只變化個(gè)位數(shù)。如:twenty-onetwenty-first; one hundred and oneone hundred and first?;鶖?shù)詞變序數(shù)詞記憶口訣基變序,有規(guī)律,詞尾加上-th。一,二,三,特殊記,詞尾字母t,d,d。八去t,九除e,ve要用f
6、替,ty將y變成i,th前面有個(gè)e。若是碰到幾十幾,前用基來(lái)后用序。整十基數(shù)變序數(shù),先把ty變成tie,要是遇上兩位數(shù),十位基數(shù),個(gè)位序,th最后加上去??枷蛉悍?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)法 分?jǐn)?shù)是由基數(shù)詞作分子,序數(shù)詞作分母構(gòu)成的。除了分子是1的情況外,序數(shù)詞都要用復(fù)數(shù)。1/3 one third 7/9 seven ninths【注意】一些特殊的分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá)法:a half 二分之一 a quarter =one fourth 四分之一 three quarters=three fourth 四分之三英語(yǔ)分?jǐn)?shù)巧記英語(yǔ)分?jǐn)?shù)不費(fèi)事,母序子基四個(gè)字。分子若是大于一,分母還須加-s?!镜淅俊?020·遼寧
7、丹東】the words from page 1 to page 3 are very clear. but the ones on the _ page are not.a. firstb. twoc. threed. fourth【答案】d【解析】考查數(shù)詞。first第一,序數(shù)詞;two二,基數(shù)詞;three三,基數(shù)詞;fourth第四,序數(shù)詞。上句 the words from page 1 to page 3 are very clear. 表明第1頁(yè)到第3頁(yè)的單詞很清楚,排除選項(xiàng)a、b、c。此處用序數(shù)詞fourth(第四)修飾后面的名詞page。句意:第1頁(yè)到第3頁(yè)的單詞是非常清楚的
8、。但是第四頁(yè)的單詞不清楚??枷蛩模簲?shù)詞和主謂一致1. 就近一致原則。2. 意義一致原則。3. 語(yǔ)法一致原則?!镜淅俊?020·湖北鄂州中考】because of the special situation this year, about _ of the students in our school _ having classes on the internet at home.a. two thirds; areb. two third; isc. second thirds; ared. two thirds; is【答案】a【解析】考查分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)以及主謂一致。句意:因?yàn)榻?/p>
9、年的特殊情況,我們學(xué)校大約三分之二的學(xué)生在家上網(wǎng)課。分?jǐn)?shù)是由基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞一起來(lái)表示的?;鶖?shù)詞作分子,序數(shù)詞作分母,除了分子是“1”以外,其他情況下序數(shù)詞都要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。此處表示“三分之二”,分子用基數(shù)詞two,分母用thirds。“分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常與of后的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。of后the students是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式are。故選a。主謂一致記憶口訣單單復(fù)復(fù)最常見(jiàn),集體名詞謂用單。如若強(qiáng)調(diào)其成員,復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)記心間。有些名詞謂常復(fù),牛人警察和船員。主語(yǔ)單數(shù)后接介,謂語(yǔ)單數(shù)介無(wú)關(guān)。主語(yǔ)從句非謂語(yǔ),many a再加more than one,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞均用單
10、。or,nor,but also,there be,近主原則掛嘴邊。主語(yǔ)neither,either,one,謂語(yǔ)總是用三單。主語(yǔ)雖有and連,and后面沒(méi)有冠,僅指一人或一事,謂語(yǔ)仍然是單三。時(shí)間、價(jià)值度量衡,謂語(yǔ)常作單數(shù)看。no,each,every后用單,兩件/種事物/情系一概念。二、主謂一致命題趨勢(shì):主謂一致是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致,主謂一致必須遵循三原則:語(yǔ)法一致原則,意義一致原則,就近一致原則。對(duì)于主謂一致的考查,主要集中在單項(xiàng)選擇、完形填空、漢譯英及其它類(lèi)型的填空題中。在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中,要掌握主謂一致的基本用法及常見(jiàn)搭配。 中考考查重點(diǎn): 主謂一致的三個(gè)原則:語(yǔ)法一致原
11、則,意義一致原則,就近一致原則。 主謂一致是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致,主謂一致必須遵循三原則:語(yǔ)法一致原則,意義一致原則,就近一致原則。考向一:主謂一致的三個(gè)原則1. 意義一致意義一致就是根據(jù)句子主語(yǔ)的意義來(lái)確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。如:maths is difficult for us. 數(shù)學(xué)對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)很難。the police are trying to search for the thief on the hill. 警察們正在山上盡力搜查小偷?!镜淅俊?020 四川達(dá)州】ma yun as well as ren zhengfei _ tons of attention w
12、herever they go.yeah, they are very successful. we believe that struggle(奮斗) creates history and hard work makes a _ future. a. gets; brightly b. get; bright c. gets; bright d. get; brightly【答案】c【解析】 考查主謂一致和形容詞、副詞辨析。句意:馬云和任正非一樣,無(wú)論走到哪里都會(huì)受到大量關(guān)注。是的,他們非常成功。我們相信奮斗創(chuàng)造歷史,艱苦的工作營(yíng)造出一個(gè)光明的未來(lái)。as well as ren zheng
13、fei是插入語(yǔ),上句中的主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)ma yun,故其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式,可排除b、d項(xiàng)。由第二空后面的名詞future可知,此處應(yīng)用形容詞作定語(yǔ)。故選c。2. 語(yǔ)法一致語(yǔ)法一致即單數(shù)主語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)要用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。如:my bike is under the tree. 我的自行車(chē)在樹(shù)下。these books are old. 這些書(shū)是舊的?!镜淅俊?020 黑龍江綏化】my family _ for dinner now. we're busy. a. is preparing b are preparing c. prepares【答案】b
14、【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)及主謂一致。句意:我的家人現(xiàn)在正在準(zhǔn)備晚餐。我們很忙。由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)now可知要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),主語(yǔ)family此處表示“家人”,謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。故選b。3. 就近原則就近原則即當(dāng)主語(yǔ)被某些連詞(短語(yǔ))連接時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與離它最近的詞保持一致。either my father or brother is coming. 我父親來(lái),要不然就是我弟弟來(lái)。not only you but also they are good students. 不僅你是好學(xué)生,而且他們也是好學(xué)生?!镜淅俊?020 遼寧營(yíng)口】not only jim but also lucy _ a few cit
15、ies since they came to china. a. will visitb. visitedc. have visitedd. has visited 【答案】d【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)及主謂一致。句意:自從jim和lucy來(lái)到中國(guó)那時(shí)起,他們都參觀了好幾個(gè)城市。由句意知,since在這里意為“自從”,其引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),排除a、b;not onlybut also引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是隨著后面的主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)的變化而變化,本句后面的主語(yǔ)lucy是單數(shù),句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),排除c。故選d?!局R(shí)歸納】含義例句語(yǔ)法一致指的是主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)
16、詞使用單數(shù)形式,主語(yǔ)如果為復(fù)數(shù)形式,那么謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。tom is a good student.湯姆是個(gè)好學(xué)生。they often play football on the playground.他們經(jīng)常在操場(chǎng)上踢足球。意義一致又稱(chēng)為概念一致原則,指的是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)單復(fù)數(shù)意義,而不取決于表面上的語(yǔ)法聯(lián)系。my family are having lunch now.我們一家人現(xiàn)在正吃午飯。twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 這本書(shū)20美元太貴了。就近一致又稱(chēng)為近鄰一致原則,指的是主語(yǔ)由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞
17、或代詞構(gòu)成,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)與緊鄰的名詞或代詞保持一致。not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不僅老師喜歡踢足球,而且他的學(xué)生也喜歡踢足球。there is a pen and some books on the desk.課桌上有一支鋼筆和一些書(shū)??枷蚨翰⒘薪Y(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)由and或both. and連接兩個(gè)名詞、代詞作主語(yǔ),表示不同的人或事物時(shí),句子的謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。john and mike are good friends. 約翰和邁克是好朋友。both bread and milk are go
18、od for you. 面包和牛奶對(duì)你都有好處?!咀⒁狻縜nd連接的兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ),在意義上指同一人、同一物或同一概念時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。the famous singer and dancer is coming to chongqing. 那位著名的歌唱家兼舞蹈家要來(lái)重慶??枷蛉好~+介詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)名詞或代詞后接as well as,with,along with,together with,except,but等短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)和介詞短語(yǔ)前的名詞或代詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)保持一致。she as well as other students likes playing compute
19、r games. 她和其他學(xué)生都喜歡玩電腦游戲。he with his parents is working in the fields. 他正和他的父母在地里干活。nobody but you and me knows it. 除了你和我,沒(méi)人知道。考向四:不定代詞作主語(yǔ)1. 當(dāng)作主語(yǔ)的名詞前有each,neither,either,every修飾或each,neither,either作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。each student has a book. 每一個(gè)學(xué)生都有一本書(shū)。either answer is correct. 兩個(gè)答案都是正確的。neither parent is w
20、ith him. 他的父母都沒(méi)有和他在一起。every minute is important to us. 每一分鐘對(duì)大家都很重要。2. 當(dāng)復(fù)合不定代詞someone,anyone,somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody,something,anything,nothing,everything等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。somebody is waiting for you outside. 有人在外面等你。is everybody here today? 今天大家都到了嗎? something is wrong with my watch. 我的手表出故障了。
21、nobody was away yesterday. 昨天沒(méi)有人離開(kāi)。【典例】【2020黑龍江齊齊哈爾】to avoid gathering(聚集), neither the students nor their teacher _ going to the party this evening.a. was b. are c. is【答案】c【解析】考查主謂一致。句意:為了避免聚集,學(xué)生們和他們的老師今晚都不會(huì)去參加聚會(huì)。neither.nor.短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),遵循“就近原則”,即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式和nor后面的名詞或代詞的數(shù)保持一致。根據(jù)teacher的單數(shù)形式可知謂語(yǔ)用is。故選c??枷蛭澹簍h
22、ere be和here be的就近原則there be和here be 結(jié)構(gòu)后面接并列名詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be均應(yīng)與最近的名詞在數(shù)上保持一致。there is a pen,a pencil,a knife and three books on the desk. 書(shū)桌上有一支鋼筆,一支鉛筆,一把刀和三本書(shū)。here are some flowers and a card. 這里有一些花和一張卡片?!镜淅俊?020 上?!縯here_ more than two ways to solve this maths problem.a.am b. is c. are d.be【答案】c【解析】考查謂語(yǔ)
23、動(dòng)詞。句意:解決這道數(shù)學(xué)題的方法不止有兩種。there be結(jié)構(gòu)意為有,主語(yǔ)是后面的名詞,more than two ways是復(fù)數(shù),所以用are。故選c??枷蛄禾厥饷~作主語(yǔ)1. 國(guó)名、人名、書(shū)名、報(bào)刊名、組織機(jī)構(gòu)等專(zhuān)有名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),即使其形式上是復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要用單數(shù)。the united states lies to the east of china. 美國(guó)在中國(guó)的東方。(國(guó)名)engels was good at learning foreign languages. 恩格斯擅長(zhǎng)學(xué)外語(yǔ)。(人名)2. the+形容詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),表示某類(lèi)人,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。the sick are t
24、aken good care of. 病人得到很好的照顧。the old are supposed to be spoken to politely. 跟老人講話(huà)要有禮貌。3. 以-s結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞,如maths,physics,politics等和以-s結(jié)尾的抽象名詞,如news,plastics等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。physics is very difficult for me to learn. 物理對(duì)我來(lái)講很難學(xué)。the news was very exciting. 這條新聞十分激動(dòng)人心。4. 單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同的名詞,如chinese,japanese,sheep,deer等
25、作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由名詞前的修飾語(yǔ)來(lái)確定。a chinese wants to see you. 一個(gè)中國(guó)人想見(jiàn)你。ten sheep are eating grass there. 那邊有10只綿羊在吃草?!咀⒁狻縞hinese,japanese,english等前加the表示一國(guó)人,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。the chinese speak chinese. 中國(guó)人說(shuō)漢語(yǔ)??枷蚱撸罕頂?shù)量概念的詞或短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)1. 表示時(shí)間、金錢(qián)、距離、重量等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),通常看作一個(gè)整體,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。ten years has passed quickly. 10年很快就過(guò)去了。ten
26、dollars is enough. 10美元就夠了。100 kilometers is a long way. 100千米是一段很長(zhǎng)的路。2. 加減乘除運(yùn)算中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),其中加法與乘法也可用復(fù)數(shù)。two and two is/are four. 2加2等于4。six times one is/are six. 6乘以1等于6。3. many a/more than one+單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。there is more than one answer. 有不止一個(gè)答案。many a student has passed the exam. 許多學(xué)生通過(guò)了考試。4. one
27、 and a half+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。one and a half days is all i can spare. 一天半是我所能支配的全部時(shí)間。one and a half pears is left on the plate. 一個(gè)半梨被留在盤(pán)子里。5. the rest of. 短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),如果of后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù);如果of后接不可數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。the rest of the bikes are on sale. 余下的自行車(chē)降價(jià)出售。the rest of the bread is gone. 剩余的面包不見(jiàn)了。6. none of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),
28、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可以用單數(shù)也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。none of the dogs was/were there. 那兒沒(méi)有狗。7. a number of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)表示許多/大量的,其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);the number of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)表示的數(shù)量,其中心詞為number,故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。a number of farmers are standing over there. 許多農(nóng)民站在那邊。the number of the students in this school has reached over 2,000. 這所學(xué)校的學(xué)生數(shù)量已達(dá)到2 000多人。8. a lot of/lots of/
29、plenty of+名詞作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由of后的名詞來(lái)確定。如果of后是不可數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);如果of后是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。a lot of time is needed. 需要大量的時(shí)間。plenty of workers are working. 許多工人在工作。考向八:動(dòng)名詞、不定式和從句作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞、不定式或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)。doing morning exercises is good for your body. 做早操對(duì)你的身體有益。to play with fire near a gas station is very dangerous. 在加油站
30、附近玩火很危險(xiǎn)。what he said at the meeting is very important. 他在會(huì)上的發(fā)言很重要?!镜淅俊?020江蘇常州】to the west of our school_ some bookstores and a park.a. lies b. lie c. has d. have【答案】b【解析】考查倒裝句。句意:一些書(shū)店和一座公園位于我們學(xué)校西面。lie位于;have有。地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)提前用全部倒裝。因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)是some bookstores and a park (一些書(shū)店和一座公園),故用復(fù)數(shù)lie。故選b。【辨析】其他情況例句and連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),
31、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常常使用復(fù)數(shù);但是and連接的并列主語(yǔ)指同一人、同一物時(shí),謂語(yǔ)使用單數(shù)。the writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教師來(lái)了(作家和教師指同一個(gè)人)the writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老師來(lái)了。(作家和老師是兩個(gè)人)單數(shù)名詞或代詞+名詞或代詞+but/besides/except/including/like/with/along with/as well as /rather than/such as/together with+名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)使用單數(shù)形式,如果之前的名詞或代詞是復(fù)數(shù),則謂語(yǔ)使用
32、復(fù)數(shù)。mike with his father has been to england.邁克同他的父親去過(guò)英格蘭。mike, like his brother,enjoys playing football. 邁克像他的哥哥一樣喜歡踢足球。the number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù); a(good/large) number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。the number of the students is over eight hundred. 學(xué)生人數(shù)超過(guò)八百。a number of teachers are present today,and the number
33、 of them is 500. 許多教師今天都出席了,有500人。由兩個(gè)相同部分組成的一個(gè)整體名詞作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù),如chopsticks,glasses,shoes,socks,stockings, trousers, boots等。若此類(lèi)名詞被a kind of/a pair of修飾時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。the scissors are on the shelf next to the cupboard. 剪刀在櫥柜旁邊的架子上。a pair of glasses costs quite a lot these days. 近些天,眼鏡的售價(jià)很高。當(dāng)not only. but al
34、so.,not. but.,or,either. or.,neither. nor.等連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),以及在there be句型中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式采用就近一致原則。neither jack and i have seen this film.杰克和我都沒(méi)有看過(guò)這部電影either you or he is to attend the meeting tomorrow.或者是你或者是他去參加明天的會(huì)議。某些集體名詞,如class, club, family, team, group等,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用意義一致原則,即依據(jù)名詞的具體含義來(lái)確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。the company
35、 has grown rapidly in the last five years.這家公司五年來(lái)迅速發(fā)展壯大。the family are celebrating thanksgiving in this picture.在這張相片里,全家人正在慶祝感恩節(jié)?!局R(shí)拓展】如果這一類(lèi)集體名詞作為一個(gè)整體看待時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用單數(shù)形式,如果這一類(lèi)詞指的是具體成員,則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只用單數(shù)的情況主語(yǔ)抽象表單一,集體名詞整體看;and連接兩名詞,或人或物不可分;every,each以及no,并用and連名詞;三eneither不定代,所構(gòu)合成正式單;news,means,works,
36、貌似復(fù)數(shù)實(shí)則單;還有ics結(jié)尾學(xué)科詞,國(guó),書(shū),劇名兼格言;時(shí)重長(zhǎng)度與價(jià)值,主單不受隨行控;many,more than連單數(shù),名詞數(shù)量一個(gè)半,謂語(yǔ)單數(shù)不多看。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可單可復(fù)的語(yǔ)法原則可單可復(fù)有8類(lèi),集體名詞一大類(lèi),看作整體用單數(shù),個(gè)體單看用復(fù)數(shù);不定代詞疑問(wèn)詞,部分、半數(shù)及剩余,這些作主看內(nèi)容,該單該復(fù)看含義;the加分詞形容詞,指人一定是復(fù)數(shù),若與分詞指抽象,仍用單數(shù)莫遲疑;one of引導(dǎo)定從句,修飾復(fù)數(shù)是真的,若有the only在前頭,從句指的是單一;人口數(shù)目與比例,大多、種類(lèi)作主語(yǔ);許多、分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù),是單是復(fù)看意義;四則運(yùn)算很隨意。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)的情況人們加警察,家禽并牛群,常作
37、復(fù)數(shù)沒(méi)問(wèn)題;服裝鞋襪及手套,自然全是用復(fù)數(shù)。i. 用括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。1. there are _(seven) days in a week. the _(seven) day is saturday.2. what does the fresh juice contain?four fifths of the juice _(be) orange. its very pure.3. now the students each _(have) an english-chinese dictionary.4. this is my twin sister, lucy. not only
38、 she but also i _(be) good at drawing.5. every year, _(thousand) of books are given away to the poor children in the countryside.【答案】1. seven, seventh 2. is 3. have 4. am 5. thousands ii. 單項(xiàng)選擇。1. a number of boys _ singing songs. the number of boys _ getting larger and larger. aare; is bis; are cis;
39、 is dare; are【答案】a 【解析】句意:許多男孩正在唱歌。男孩的數(shù)量越來(lái)越大。a number of boys許多男孩,中心詞是boys,用作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式;the number of boys男孩的數(shù)量,中心詞是number,用作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式,故選a。2. andy, with his parents, _ to hong kong, and they will stay there for a week. ahave gonebhas gonechave been dhas been【答案】b 【解析】句意:安迪和他的父母已經(jīng)去了香港,他們
40、將在那里待上一個(gè)星期。have/has been to+地點(diǎn)意為曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地;have/has gone to +地點(diǎn)意為已經(jīng)去了某地。從后一分句知,andy和其父母是已經(jīng)去了香港,排除c、d兩項(xiàng);本句的主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)andy,而介詞短語(yǔ)with his parents作伴隨狀語(yǔ),句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)。故選b。3. how much _ the pair of shoes?twenty dollars _ enough. ais; is bis; are care;is dare; are【答案】a 【解析】句意:這雙鞋多少錢(qián)?二十美元足夠。the pair of短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
41、要用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式;twenty dollars表示錢(qián),作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。故選a。4. li ming will be _. his parents are going to have a party for _ birthday.a sixteen; sixteenthbsixteenth; sixteenthcsixteen; sixteendsixteenth; sixteen【答案】a 【解析】句意:李明將要16歲了,他的父母打算為他16歲的生日舉辦一個(gè)聚會(huì),表示多少歲使用基數(shù)詞,表示第幾個(gè)生日使用序數(shù)詞,所以答案選a.5. please pass me _ bo
42、ok on the right.a. fourb. fourthc. the fourd. the fourth【答案】d【解析】句意:請(qǐng)把右邊第四本書(shū)遞給我。four四,基數(shù)詞;fourth第四,序數(shù)詞;the four形式錯(cuò)誤;the fourth特指第四個(gè)。根據(jù)句意和空后book是單數(shù)形式可知,這里表示的是第四本書(shū),應(yīng)用序數(shù)詞,序數(shù)詞前必須用定冠詞,故應(yīng)選d。1. (2020·遼寧丹東中考) fresh water _ more important than anything else.a. isb. arec. wasd. were【答案】 a【解析】考查主謂一致?!暗绕?/p>
43、他任何東西都重要”是一個(gè)事實(shí),應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。排除選項(xiàng)c和d。因主語(yǔ)water為不可數(shù)名詞,使用 is。2. (2020·貴州安順) as we all know, using public chopsticks_ necessary when we eat with others.a.isb. arec. was【答案】 a【解析】考查主謂一致及一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。句意:眾所周知,當(dāng)我們和別人一起用餐時(shí)使用公共筷子是有必要的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此句缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),可知主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,故選a。3. (2020·甘肅天水) no
44、t only jim but also his sister _ a few cities in the south since they came to china.a. have visited b. has visited c. visited d. visits【答案】 b【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:不僅吉姆,而且他的姐姐,自從他們來(lái)到中國(guó)以來(lái),已經(jīng)在南方參觀過(guò)幾個(gè)城市了。連詞since意為“自從以來(lái)”,用來(lái)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,從句中的動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí),主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。not onlybut also意為“不但而且”,可用來(lái)連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ),其后謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞遵循“就近原則”,故
45、和his sister一致,故用has visited。故選b。4. (2020·四川廣元中考) tom, together with his friends, often to the old peoples home to cheer the old up.a. go b. going c. goes【答案】 c【解析】 考查主謂一致。句意:湯姆,和他的朋友一起,常常去老人之家讓老人開(kāi)心起來(lái)。本句的主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)tom,together with his friends在此是插入語(yǔ),故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。故選c。5. (2020·黑龍江牡丹江市) the
46、talent show youth with you(青春有你)is becoming hotter and hotter online. exactly. half of our class interested in it recently. a. is b. are c. was 【答案】 b【解析】 考查主謂一致。句意:“才藝秀青春有你在網(wǎng)上越來(lái)越火爆?!薄暗拇_如此。最近我們班有一半的人對(duì)此感興趣。”half作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)of后的名詞確定單復(fù)數(shù);class在這里是集體名詞,作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù),故選b。6. (2020·黑龍江大慶)on the left of th
47、e playground _ the library. there _ many books and computers in it. a. are; isb. is; arec. are; ared. is; is【答案】 b【解析】考查主謂一致。句意:操場(chǎng)的左邊是圖書(shū)館。里面有很多書(shū)和電腦。第一空句子主語(yǔ)the library是單數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式is;第二空句子主語(yǔ)books是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式are,故選b。7. (2020·廣西百色) the environment here becomes better and better. _ birds are co
48、ming back.a. hundred b. hundreds c. thousand d. thousands of【答案】 d【解析】考查數(shù)詞的用法。句意:這里的環(huán)境變得越來(lái)越好。成千上萬(wàn)的鳥(niǎo)兒正在回來(lái)。當(dāng)hundred, thousand前有具體的數(shù)字時(shí),表示確數(shù),hundred, thousand后不加-s,其后也不用of;當(dāng)hundred, thousand前沒(méi)有具體數(shù)字時(shí),表示約數(shù),hundred, thousand后既要加-s,也要加of。故選d。8. (2020·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江中考) peng min finally became the winner of _ seas
49、on of cctv's chinese poetry conference.a. five b. fifth c. the fifth d. fifths【答案】 c【解析】考查序數(shù)詞的用法。句意:彭敏最終成為央視第五季中國(guó)詩(shī)詞大會(huì)的獲勝者。序數(shù)詞和定冠詞the連用,表示順序“第”,符合句意。故選c。9. (2020·四川達(dá)州中考)its said that the two _ doctors have just come back from wuhan. yeah. i know them. they are both already in their _. a. wom
50、an; sixty b. women; sixtieth c. women; sixties d. woman; sixties【答案】 c【解析】 考查名詞和數(shù)詞的用法。句意:據(jù)說(shuō)這兩名女醫(yī)生剛剛從武漢回來(lái)。是的,我認(rèn)識(shí)她們,她們兩個(gè)都已經(jīng)60多歲了。由第一空前面的基數(shù)詞two可知,此處指的是“兩名女醫(yī)生”,woman作定語(yǔ)修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)需用其復(fù)數(shù)形式,可排除a、d項(xiàng)。“in ones +整十的復(fù)數(shù)”表示“在某人幾十多歲時(shí)”,是固定搭配,可排除b項(xiàng)。故選c。10. (2020·貴州黔東南) dear, how is your homework going? oh, mom, i
51、39;ve just finished _ of it.a. second threeb. two thirdc. second threesd. two thirds【答案】 d【解析】考查分?jǐn)?shù)的表示方法。句意:親愛(ài)的,你的作業(yè)怎么樣? 哦,媽媽?zhuān)覄傋鐾耆种?。英語(yǔ)中,分?jǐn)?shù)的分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞;分子大于一時(shí),分母用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故選d。i. 單項(xiàng)選擇。1. 【2020 安徽省蕪湖市九年級(jí)畢業(yè)暨升學(xué)模擬考試(三)】the number of students in our school _ 620 and a number of them _ from the same village
52、.a. is, isb. are, arec. is, ared. are, is【答案】c【解析】句意:我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生數(shù)是620,他們?cè)S多人來(lái)自同一個(gè)村莊??疾橹髦^一致。the number of 意思是“的數(shù)量”,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);a number of意思是“許多”,修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù),這里them代指students;故選c。2.【2020 上海市長(zhǎng)寧區(qū)、金山區(qū)一?!縩ot only tom but also gail fond of watching football games every summer.ais bare cwas dwere【答案】a【解析】句意:不僅湯姆而且蓋爾都喜歡每年夏天看足球賽??疾橹髦^一致。is是,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語(yǔ)是單數(shù);are是,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù);was是,一般過(guò)去時(shí),主語(yǔ)是單數(shù);were是,一般過(guò)去時(shí),主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)。not only but also 意為“不但而且”,主要用于連接兩個(gè)對(duì)等的成分;若連接兩個(gè)成分作主語(yǔ),其后謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與靠近的主語(yǔ)保持一致,即就近原則;本題中離謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞最近的主語(yǔ)為蓋爾,是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù),所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),排除b、d選項(xiàng);再由ev
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