《中考英語總復習》考點25 完形填空之記敘文-備戰(zhàn)2021年中考英語考點一遍過（原卷版）

1、考點25 完形填空之記敘文一、命題趨勢完形填空是英語考試中一項重要的考查內(nèi)容。完形填空也是一種綜合能力測試題，是對學生語法、詞匯、句型、閱讀能力、理解能力和邏輯推理能力的一種多方位的檢測。按照考試大綱要求，通常在一篇200詞左右的難度適中的文章中留出10個空白，要求學生從所給的a、b、c、d四個選項中選出一個最佳答案，使補足的短文意思通順、結(jié)構(gòu)完整。綜觀各地往年中考真題，記敘文居多，而且近年中考中記敘文所占比例超過50%，預測2019年中考完形填空也會以記敘文為主，側(cè)重考查實詞和對上下文語境、邏輯的理解。二、考試內(nèi)容 完形填空考題要求考生在閱讀過一篇不完整的文章后，能根據(jù)上下文意思，在所給的選

2、項中選擇最佳答案。其考查點有： 1. 能夠掌握足夠的詞匯量，正確運用詞類和詞語的正確搭配。包括名詞、代詞、冠詞、動詞等詞類和短語等。 2. 基礎(chǔ)語法知識。包括句法、固定搭配、句型、詞語加慣用法、時態(tài)、語態(tài)、主從復合句等。 3. 還應具有一定的語言運用能力、閱讀能力、理解能力、綜合分析能力和邏輯判斷能力。 以語篇為載體，測試語言知識和語言能力。試題既考查學生對短文的整體理解能力，也考查學生運用語法知識、詞匯知識的能力以及對事物的邏輯推理、分析判斷能力。 以意義填空為主。試題在著重考查考生閱讀理解能力的前提下，兼顧對語言知識、常識、邏輯推理能力的考查。 降低對單詞本身詞義的考查要求，注重考查對全文

3、意義的理解。中考完形填空備選項中所涉及的詞匯基本上都是常見的初級詞匯。 考點分布符合考查目的。試題以名詞、動詞、形容詞和副詞等信息詞匯為考查重點，淡化對介詞、連詞、冠詞等結(jié)構(gòu)詞的考查，以檢測學生在具體情境中靈活運用所學知識的能力。有的采用主觀試題形式。有些完形填空題全部舍棄了學生們平時接觸較多的四選一形式，而改之以自由完形填空形式，除了要求填入單詞外，有的還設(shè)置了要求填入詞組或短語的空格。三、命題特點1. 選文特點： 以敘述文體的小故事為主； 篇幅一般在200300詞之間； 難度略低于閱讀理解中的短文； 所選短文語言地道、純正，結(jié)構(gòu)嚴謹，層次分明，邏輯性強。2. 設(shè)空特點 首句通常不挖空，以便

4、考生對短文前提和背景有個較清楚的了解，從而使考生盡快熟悉語境、推測文章大意。 短文設(shè)空平均密度為1020個單詞設(shè)一個空。3. 選項特點 每個小題所給的四個選項一般都屬于同一詞性，語意范疇相同。長短相宜，避免了對答案的明顯暗示，彼此之間也不會出現(xiàn)相互包容的情況。偶爾有個別小題的四個選項的詞性不同，但其語法功能大都一樣。 單從語法角度，甚至從某一句的角度來看，干擾項都可以和空前或空后的文字形成某種搭配，從而形成一定的干擾或起到迷惑作用。 選項使用詞匯沒有重復，盡可能增加考查內(nèi)容的覆蓋面。4. 考查特點近幾年的完形填空題主要考查考生對上下文的理解，要求考生通過語境來作出選擇。語境能力型試題具有一定難

5、度，因為所給的四個選項往往在語法方面都能成立，錯誤選項多半可以和空前、空后文字形成某種搭配，極具干擾和迷惑作用。5. 難處暗示特點完形填空的短文有時因為行文的需要，出現(xiàn)了對考生來說較難理解的背景，或者有時是命題者為了有意識地控制完形填空的難度等原因，往往會在短文的適當之處安排暗示。但這種暗示多為后面暗示前面，也就是說前面的某些空從當時的情況來看，或是線索不清，或是語境不明，無法填出，但只要繼續(xù)往后看，就會發(fā)現(xiàn)此空在文章后面的某個地方有暗示。完形填空題解題技巧一、解題步驟 1. 通讀全文，了解大意。 通讀全文時，要跳過空格快速閱讀，弄清文章的基本含義?？梢韵瓤焖匍喿x全文，這樣我們對文章的整體結(jié)構(gòu)

6、和中心思想有個基本的了解。有利于進一步把握全文所講內(nèi)容、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)及時態(tài)語態(tài)的變化，為后面的答題創(chuàng)造條件。 2. 重視首句的開篇啟示作用。 完形填空所采用的短文一般不給標題，但短文的首句通常可以點明短文的性質(zhì)，如敘事、議論等，這是我們探索短文全貌的窗口?？梢砸允拙涞臅r態(tài)、語態(tài)為立足點進行思考，判斷文章的體裁，推測全文的大意及主題。所以應該重視首句的啟示作用。 3. 抓住關(guān)鍵詞，根據(jù)上下文解題。 解題時，要遵循忠于全文大意和主題這一原則，聯(lián)系上下文展開邏輯推理分析，要迅速找出那些在短文中起重要作用的關(guān)鍵詞，了解所提問題的特定語境，語篇中的內(nèi)在關(guān)系。 在解題過程中，應遵循先易后難的原則，遇到個別難題

7、不易判斷時，可先跳過去，先去解決那些靠上下文能確定的、比較直接明確的問題。隨著下文的展開和文章的深入，或許在前面難以判斷的題，下文就有暗示，甚至有明確的暗示。因此，在選擇答案時，應特別注意聯(lián)系前后句，充分利用上下文為確定答案提供的有用信息。 4. 重讀全文，驗證答案。 在全部空格補全以后，一定要根據(jù)填好的答案重讀全文，看文章是否流暢，前后是否矛盾，語法結(jié)構(gòu)是否無誤。如果發(fā)現(xiàn)哪些地方讀起來不流暢，這就說明那里有毛病，就要進行仔細推敲、訂正。二、技巧點撥 1. 充分利用首句作為解題的突破口。 完形填空的首句往往是完整的、不設(shè)空的。而首句又常常是全文的中心句，因此，應充分重視完形填空的首句，通過它大

8、致把握全文的大意和作者的意圖，利用它作為解題的突破口。依據(jù)首句的提示，捕捉文中關(guān)鍵信息，通覽全文，了解文章的題材、體裁、結(jié)構(gòu)、背景、內(nèi)容大意、前因后果、情節(jié)發(fā)展、論點論據(jù)等基本信息。同時，可以對有些空格要填的詞做試探性猜測，為下一步選擇最佳選項做好準備。 2. 根據(jù)上下文的邏輯意義確定答案。 文章是一個具有內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的整體，而上下文則是營造語境的基礎(chǔ)，也是邏輯推理的依據(jù)。通讀全文，理順大意，根據(jù)上下文找出信息詞，是做好完形填空的技巧之一。完形填空的命題設(shè)計正朝著深層化和語境化方向發(fā)展，逐漸淡化單純的語言分析考查，而越來越側(cè)重對邏輯推理判斷的考查。詞語在特定語境中所表達的隱含信息大都無法從字面或個

9、或幾個句子的表面理解傳達出來，這就大大增加了干擾項的迷惑性，從而提高了試題難度。因此，要想解決這類題目，只有借助上下文乃至全文語境的提示。 3. 從詞匯的意義和用法方面考慮。 做好完形填空必須具備較大詞匯量，并結(jié)合上下文確定詞義。完形填空在命題過程中，淡化基礎(chǔ)句型結(jié)構(gòu)，語法規(guī)則和短語搭配，側(cè)重詞匯的活用。應該加強對詞匯合乎情景需求的判斷的訓練，加深對基本詞匯的感受能力和應用能力，提高完形填空題的解題技能。4. 積累習慣用法和固定搭配。 完形填空題中考查習慣搭配和固定用法的題目也占有一定比重，這就需要平時記憶和積累，做到脫口而出。這類題屬于較容易的，一般在初選時就能確定。 5. 依據(jù)作者的態(tài)度和

10、觀點。 作者寫一篇文章必有他的意圖和目的，作者在表達情感時總是選擇特定的詞匯，因此文章字里行間不可避免地滲透了作者的情感。做完形填空時，應該留心捕捉作者的情感信息。 6. 注意分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)。 通過句法、語法，能把復雜的句子變得簡單，使得意義清晰，信息透明。 7. 依據(jù)生活經(jīng)驗和常識。有些空涉及到我們應該具備的常識，是否合乎情理是我們選擇的依據(jù)。記敘文類完形填空解題技巧一、解題步驟1. 跳過空格，通讀全文，把握大意。2. 結(jié)合選項，綜合考慮，初定答案。3. 瞻前顧后，先易后難，各個擊破。4. 復讀全文，逐空驗證，彌補疏漏。二、解題方法1. 詞語搭配法：根據(jù)詞語的習慣搭配來確定正確答案。2. 語法

11、判斷法：通過語法分析來選擇正確答案。若選項是名詞，應根據(jù)上下文確定該名詞的單復數(shù)以及是否用所有格等；若選項是動詞，應考慮其時態(tài)、語態(tài)、搭配及非謂語形式等。3. 語境分析法：根據(jù)上下文的具體語境，利用所學知識和平時積累的生活常識等，選出最符合情景的選項。4. 對比排除法：有時對于一些難選的空，可以試著將各個選項逐一代入空處，然后進行綜合比較，從而選出最恰當?shù)拇鸢?。三、滿分技巧1. 了解記敘文的六要素。記敘文，無論是記人還是敘事，都會交代清楚時間、地點、人物、事件、經(jīng)過和結(jié)果，即記敘文的六要素。弄清了這六個要素，基本上就理解了整篇文章。2. 明確作者的寫作目的。就事論事一般來說不是作者記敘的目的，

12、作者往往通過敘述闡明一個道理。作者總是為了某個目的，在情節(jié)選擇和細節(jié)描寫上作出合理的安排。讀者明晰了寫作目的，就能抓住文章的主題。3. 讀懂作者的觀點或態(tài)度。解題時要認真分析全文，看作者是否一直采用某種態(tài)度敘事或描述人。為了增加試題難度，命題人往往采用變化的形式，考生只有在語境的指導下，對文章進行準確地邏輯推斷，才能推測出文字之下的深層信息。4. 弄清作者敘述的視角。弄清文章是以第幾人稱的視角展開記敘的。通常英語記敘文展開記敘的視角有兩個：第一人稱和第三人稱。用第一人稱就是從參與者的角度進行記敘，讀者可從字里行間感受到作者的態(tài)度和感情。用第三人稱就是以觀察者的身份展開敘述，作者的語氣客觀，與讀

13、者保持一定距離，讀者的注意力更多地集中在故事本身上。了解作者的寫作角度有助于我們抓住作者的思維，深入理解文章的意義，把握好語境。（一）it was a cold morning，and eduardo ortega received a large envelopein it was his dreambut he was too nervous to（1）_ithe put the envelope into his （2）_and caught the school buseduardo arrived at （3）_，walked past his classmates and sat

14、down in the school libraryhe took a deep breath，（4）_the envelope out of his pocket and carefully opened itas he read the words，"congratulations（5）_have been accepted，"he was already in tearshe remembered the long hours working in the fields，picking strawberries and beansduring those years，

15、eduardo was much more than a child （6）_after work every day，his tired friends drank coffee or slepteduardo went to the evening schoolhe studied，read，and wrote poems and short storiesalthough he （7）_some classes，he became the best studentwhen he was thirteen，eduardo （8）_one of his dreamsto fly on an

16、airplane for the first timehe wrote a poem that won a prizea trip to san francisco（9）_he flew，he promised himself to become a pilothe loved to（10）_even though eduardo worked to help his family，his father（11）_encouraged him to go to schoolso，while he worked，he also studiedmany days，he thought it was（

17、12）_，too tired to read his booksbut his father just smiled and told him he could（13）_itso，now，eduardo knew his dream of becoming a pilot was not （14）_he knew that it was his father's （15）_，toohe would soon become a pilot，flying every day to all the exciting areas in the world1aopenbknowcanswerdw

18、rite2acarbmailboxcdeskdpocket3ahomebschoolcthe airportdthe post office4adrewbplacedcreacheddmade5aibwecyoudthey6aworkerbwritercwaiterdpilot7awatchedbmissedctookdleft8awantedbfoundcrealizeddthought9abecausebascafterdbefore10aflybdreamcstudydwork11aalsobstillcsometimesdalways12acarelessbhopelesscunint

19、erestingdunimportant13atakebstopcmakedwork14aplannedbneededcdonedlost15ajobbwaycdreamdadvice（二）sitting on the side of the highway and waiting to catch speeding(超速的) drivers, a police officer saw a car driving very slowly.he thought to himself, "this driver is just as _1_as a speeder!” so he tur

20、ned on his lights quickly and pulled the driver over (靠邊停車).getting closer to the car, he noticed that there _2_five old ladies, two in the front seat and three in the back, wide eyed and pale faced.the driver _3_knew nothing about what happened said to him, “officer, i don't understand. i was d

21、oing exactly the speed limit! _4_seems to be the problem?" "ma'am," the officer replied, "you werent speeding, but you _5_know that driving slower than the speed limit is not good, because it can also be a danger to _6_drivers. the same as a speeder.” “no, sir. i was doing th

22、e speed limit-exactly twenty-two kilometers _7_hour!” the old woman said in a proud voice. the officer, almost unable _8_his chuckle (竊笑), explained to her that ''22" was the highway number, not the speed limit. a bit embarrassed, the woman smiled widely and thanked the officer for poin

23、ting out her misunderstanding."but _9_i let you go, ma'am, i have to ask. is everyone in this car ok? these women seem to be shaking badly and they havent made a single sound this whole time," the officer asked. "oh, they'll be all right in a minute. we just _10_ off route 119

24、.1. a. dangerb. dangerousc. more dangerousd. the most dangerous2. a. isb. arec. wasd. were3. a. whob. whomc. whichd. /4. a. whereb. whichc. howd. what5. a. canb. willc. mightd. have to6. a. anotherb. othersc. the otherd. other7. a. ab. anc. thed. /8. a. controlb. controllingc. to controld. to contro

25、lling9. a. beforeb. afterc. althoughd. if10. a. getb. are gettingc. will getd. got（三）in a cold winter, a couple had to move out of their big house because of bankruptcy(破產(chǎn)). the husband worked day and night but with little care of his wife, _11_she thought, “he doesn't love me any more. he just

26、thinks about his _12_."one day, she wanted to take a _13_, but her husband stopped her at the door, "let me take it first, ok?" "why not let me first?" she asked. "i was tired. you take it later, ok?" she was very _14_.on a rainy day, she found nothing to do and _1

27、5_his computer. after a few minutes, her eyes were full of tears.it was his diary:today, i was quite sad. she asked me _16_i was always taking a shower first, and i said i was tired. she was unhappy. i wasn't as _17_as before! we moved to the small house and it was very cold. i _18_that if one p

28、erson took a shower first, the room could get a little warmer. so i always _19_into the bathroom first. when she took a shower, the temperature in the bathroom could get a little higher. i can't give her more, but _20_, i can give her 1 °c love.11. a. sob. becausec. unlessd. if12. a. friend

29、sb. familyc. healthd. work13. a. showerb. walkc. lookd. rest14. a. happyb. gladc. nervousd. sad15. a. turned upb. turned onc. turned downd. turned off16. a. whatb. whyc. whend. how17. a. excitedb. satisfiedc. poord. rich18. a. askedb. explainedc. saidd. found19. a. changedb. rushedc. putd. made20. a

30、. at mostb. at firstc. at leastd. at last（四）a young couple decided to go camping in the mountains to celebrate their first year of marriage. they _43_ with them all the things they would need to go campingwarm clothes food and a tent.they went up to the mountains and found the perfect place to_44_ t

31、heir tent. after that, they built a fire and cooked dinner. finally, it was time to go to sleep._45_ in the middle of the night, the wife woke her husband up and said: “l(fā)ook up at the sky. what do you see?”her husband answered, “i see millions of stars.”his wife said: “thats right. what does that me

32、an to you?”the husband said: “well, if there are so many stars out there, that means there _46_be a planet just like ours. and if thats true, then there could be life on one of those planets. thats kind of exciting.”his wife said: “you are wrong. it means that someone has stolen our _47_!”43. a. too

33、kb. brought c. carried44. a. give upb. put upc. hand up45 a. sometimesb. sometimec. some times46. a. mightb. mustc. should47. a. clothesb. foodc. tent（五）when i was a little child, i often felt upset. i was really _48_ other kids. i couldnt change no matter what i did.in fact, there is something wron

34、g with my _49_. i cant see things around me clearly. when my classmates play games happily outside. i have to stay in my empty house and look out of the window_50_.for a long tune, i felt hopeless. _51_ my mother always said, “you are the precious (珍貴的) baby in our family,” it didnt work. i asked go

35、d, “why did you give me a pair of useless eyes when you gave me life?” of course, there was no _52_.i turned to books for help. books are my only friends. when i am sad and unhappy, they_53_; when i feel happy and excited, they share my feelings. they can take me to _54_ world, there i can see every

36、thing clearly and free my heart through joy.i began to write down my thoughts and keep them _55_ a secret. and nobody knew it, when i studied at a middle school, i had a good teacher. who is the_56_ one in the world. he read all of my poems and said, “well done!” he always praised me in class. he ke

37、pt helping me. now i am full of energy and confidence(自信). i can do things like other kids. so please believe in _57_. everyone is unique (獨一無二的)48. a. similar tob. different fromc. hard on49. a. eyesb. earsc. legs50. a. lonelyb. happilyc. alone51 a. sinceb. becausec. although52. a. repeatb. replyc.

38、 report53. a. cheer me upb. put me upc. call me up54. a. otherb. the otherc. another55. a. tob. asc. for56. a. understandingb. more understandingc. most understanding57. a. yourselfb. othersc. teachers（六）lyles second goin 1982，when i was coaching the raiders， the owner of the team talked with me abo

39、ut a possible trade for lyle alzado. after watching him on tape，i didnt think he was that good, but the owner felt we could make lyle better by creating the right environment lor him. we made the _13_.that summer at training camp，lyle was having a hard time. he had that look in his eyes that many yo

40、ung players and some old players get when things arent going _14_. one morning lyle came into my office and he looked like he hadnt slept. here was a huge man, with his head about as _15_as it could go. we talked, or rather, i listened. the main point was that lyle felt his career (職業(yè)生涯）was over and

41、 it would be best for him and for the team if he retired (退役）.he apologized for_16_ us since we had just traded for him.lyle was always an emotional person. this is one of the reasons he was a good player. he_17_ all that emotional energy with him, ready to lire out at the snap of the ball (開球）.now

42、he was in front of me， almost crying. i thought for a moment， realizing we had to keep that _18_going. then i went through my reasons why he should not retire. at the end of our talk， i said，“you go out and play your very best, and let us_19_if you still have it. personally， i think you do.”in janua

43、ry 1984. tampa bay stadium. super bowl xviii. with less than two minutes remaining, we were leading 38-9. we were the world champions of professional football. i saw lyle，crying like a baby. i had to turn away quickly，or i would have joined him in _20_.i remembered that morning in my office， and wha

44、t lyle， and what the raiders， had achieved since he came to us. if lyle hadnt given his career another shot, he wouldnt have had this victory. maybe the raiders wouldnt have had this victory. during that moment， i felt one of the greatest satisfactions of my coaching career.13. a. dealb. planc. argu

45、mentd. mistake14. a. awayb. overc. welld. fast15. a. lowb. coolc. cleard. heavy16. a. pushingb. refusingc. cheatingd. disappointing17. a. facedb. carriedc. receivedd. imagined18. a. ballb. firec. timed. talk19. a. guessb. wonderc. decided. predict20. a. cheersb. painc. peaced. tears（一）【2020 貴州省安順市中考

46、】wang weis parents were waiting for him when he got home. his dad handed him a letter. it was from the university. his hands were shaking as he took the letterhis _26_ was inside.ever since wang wei was little, he wanted to be an _27_. he often took his toys apart and put them back together. one day

47、, his mom was _28_ to see that wang wei had taken apart the television! his dad told her to have faith(信心) in wang wei, and sure enough he put the television back together _29_.wang weis teachers all noticed his talent. they told his _30_ wang wei should go to university. wang wei was very excited a

48、bout this. no one in wang weis family had ever gone to university before. his mom was not sure if it was a good idea. _31_ his dad said, “have faith in wang wei and his dream.” wang wei knew his family couldnt _32_ university. so he studied harder and applied for the scholarships(獎學金).now wang wei h

49、ad the letter in his hand that would tell him if he could go to the university.he took a deep breath and opened the envelope. it says, "congratulations. you have been accepted to the university on a full scholarship! "his mom _33_ him with tears in her eyes. “i am so proud of you!” she sai

50、d.his dad patted his back. “ive always had faith in wang wei and his dream,” he said.26. a. futureb. resolutionc. pride27. a. artistb. actorc. engineer28. a. happyb. upsetc. scared29. a. angrilyb. bravelyc. perfectly30. a. guestsb. parentsc. cousins31. a. becauseb. asc. but32. a. affordb. choosec. e

51、nter33. a. huggedb. thankedc. left（二）【2020 黑龍江省龍東地區(qū)中考】dear daddy,hey! how's everything _21_? it's been so many days since you went to wuhan. do you still _22_ the day before you left? i remember i saw the luggage（行李）in your bedroom. i asked you, “are you going to leave _23_ business?” you sm

52、iled and put your hand on my head, saying, “i'm just tidying up some clothes.”later that night, i learned that you and mom had asked to _24_ to wuhan and were waiting for a phone call. at that moment, i hoped _25_ of you would get the call. _26_, your phone still rang. i almost cried out, as if

53、i were going to wuhan myself.the next morning, i got _27_ early. during breakfast, you smiled and asked me if i _28_ miss you. i pretended（假裝）it was no big _29_ and said, “i can send you a message whenever i miss you. ”when you were leaving, i waved（揮手）to you _30_ i couldn't see you anymore. tea

54、rs flowed down my face. i later realized it was lantern festival. i wrote down “waiting for you to come back” in my notebook. i knew the people of wuhan needed you _31_ than i did.at night, mom sent me some photos of you and the rest of the medical team. i found you in the photos _32_ . i pointed yo

55、u out and shouted, “hey, this is my daddy!” i was so proud of you!after you left, i paid more attention _33_ the battle（戰(zhàn)役）against the new coronavirus（冠狀病毒）. i wondered whether you would take good care of _34_. daddy, remember to exercise and get _35_ rest.we all miss you every day. i love you, my s

56、uperhero, forever and ever.kathyfeb 15, 202021. a. gob. goingc. to go22. a. rememberb. realizec. forget23. a. tob. onc. for24. a. sendb. sentc. be sent25. a. neitherb. bothc. either26. a. butb. howeverc. and27. a. onb. offc. up28. a. wouldb. willc. shall29. a. smileb. dealc. laugh30. a. unlessb. ifc. until31. a. ma